Journal of Orthopaedic Research®最新文献

{"title":"Biochemical and Histologic Evaluation of Pulvinar Synovium Provides Insight Into Osteoarthritis Progression Secondary to Femoroacetabular Impingement.","authors":"Benjamin D Kuhns, Dane R G Lind, Adam Goff, Marc Philippon, Nicholas A Felan, Kohei Yamaura, Haruki Nishimura, Joel Matta, Raymond Kim, Chelsea S Bahney, Johnny Huard, Marc J Philippon","doi":"10.1002/jor.26115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jor.26115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent studies have used femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) as a model for hip osteoarthritis, however, the cellular mechanisms underlying disease progression remain unclear. Pulvinar abnormalities within the cotyloid fossa are common findings during hip preservation surgery and total hip arthroplasty (THA). The purpose of this study was to compare histologic inflammation and gene expression of pulvinar synovial tissue in patients with FAI and patients with hip osteoarthritis secondary to FAI (FAI-OA). Patients undergoing hip arthroscopy for FAI and THA for osteoarthritis with FAI morphology (FAI-OA) were included. Macroscopic evaluation of the pulvinar for the FAI cohort was classified through the ligamentum-fossa-fovea complex (LFFC) grading system. RNA was isolated for reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction to evaluate the expression of inflammatory genes. Synovial samples were graded according to the histologic synovitis scoring system. Twenty-nine patients were included in the study (17 FAI and 12 FAI-OA). FAI patients had a lower pulvinar synovial score (2.3 ± 1.1) compared to FAI-OA patients undergoing THA (3.6 ± 1.7; p = 0.04). Macroscopic pulvinar inflammation in the FAI cohort according to the LFFC classification was associated with worsening histologic synovitis (r = 0.82; p < 0.001). There were no differences in gene expression between the FAI and FAI-OA cohorts, while there was increased expression of IL1β, TGF-β1, and PPARγ in subjects without significant pulvinar synovitis. Increased catabolic gene expression by the pulvinar tissue of patients without histologic synovitis earlier in the disease process may promote the development of worsening synovitis and contribute to articular cartilage degeneration. STATEMENT OF CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Understanding the role of the pulvinar tissue within the hip, both macroscopically and biochemically, can help surgeons understand the complexities of the presentation and progression of osteoarthritis.</p>","PeriodicalId":16650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Research®","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144368921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Regional Heterogeneity of Mechanical Properties Improves Sensitivity of Elastography to Changes With Achilles Tendinopathy.","authors":"Gabriella L Dunay, Kayla D Seymore, Karin Grävare Silbernagel, Stephanie G Cone","doi":"10.1002/jor.70008","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jor.70008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Achilles tendinopathy is a prevalent condition resulting in pain, impaired performance, and multi-scale structural changes in the tendon. Achilles tendinopathy affects tissue properties of shear modulus and viscosity, typically reported as average changes across the tendon. However, tendinopathy is characterized by nonuniform pathology, indicating a need for new analytical tools to better assess heterogeneity in mechanical properties measured using continuous shear wave elastography (cSWE). This analysis included cSWE data measured bilaterally from 20 healthy participants and 121 participants with Achilles tendinopathy. Novel computational analyses were developed to quantify regional variability (i.e., heterogeneity) in shear modulus and viscosity throughout the tendon. Average value analysis revealed greater mean viscosity in healthy compared to tendinopathic tendons; likewise, in the less affected compared to the most affected tendons in participants with bilateral tendinopathy. No significant differences in shear modulus were observed when comparing average values. Demonstrating its enhanced sensitivity, regional analysis distinguished between the viscosity of healthy and tendinopathic tendons, and both viscosity and shear modulus regional analysis identified the most affected side in tendinopathic participants, unlike the standard average-based analysis. This novel heterogeneity analysis provides a deeper understanding of tendon mechanics in Achilles tendinopathy than previously accessible from cSWE measurements. These findings indicate that Achilles tendinopathy leads to a greater degree of variability in tissue mechanical properties, highlighting the importance of considering regional differences in tissue properties when evaluating this condition. This new method has the potential to improve the diagnosis and treatment of Achilles tendinopathy by identifying specific regions of tissue heterogeneity.</p>","PeriodicalId":16650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Research®","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144333341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Interplay of Angiogenesis and Osteogenesis in Non-Stabilized Incomplete Tibial Fractures: A Temporal Study in Rats.","authors":"Kyung Wook Kim, Andrew Reyes Padalhin, Hyun Seok Ryu, Celine Abueva, So Young Park, Jun Sang Bae, Seung Hyeon Yoo, Hwee Hyon Seo, Phil-Sang Chung, Hyun Sik Gong, Seung Hoon Woo","doi":"10.1002/jor.70006","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jor.70006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prior research on angiogenesis and osteogenesis during bone fracture healing has primarily focused on stabilized models, often within controlled environments. However, the dynamic interplay of these processes in the context of long bone fractures without scaffolds or external factors remains poorly understood. This study investigated the temporal dynamics of angiogenesis and osteogenesis in a non-stabilized incomplete transverse tibia bone fracture model. Multi-modal observation approach was carried out using micro-CT analysis of bone mineral density, histological assessment of fracture healing, and confocal microscopy for visualization and co-localization of key angiogenic (CD31, endomucin) and osteogenic (collagen 1, osteocalcin, PDGFRB) markers. Our findings revealed a dynamic and interdependent relationship between these processes. H type blood vessels persisted throughout the healing process, and significant correlations were observed between the expression of angiogenic and osteogenic markers. The role of hypoxia, a critical regulator of both processes, was investigated by analyzing HIF1-α expression. Increased expression of SLIT3, a guidance molecule, was also observed at later stages of healing, suggesting its potential involvement in vascular remodeling. These findings provide crucial insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying bone fracture repair in the absence of additional supporting external elements such as scaffolds or stabilizers. By elucidating the temporal dynamics of these key processes, we identify potential targets for therapeutic interventions aimed at accelerating and optimizing bone regeneration. Consideration of these interactions can lead to the development of effective clinical strategies for enhancing bone healing in non-stabilized incomplete fractures.</p>","PeriodicalId":16650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Research®","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144333342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of External Rotation Torque of Short External Rotator Muscles in Hip Flexion Position.","authors":"Yoshiaki Ito, Daisuke Suzuki, Fumiya Kizawa, Arata Kanaizumi, Toshihito Hiraiwa, Takashi Tamura, Yoshiharu Kawaguchi, Satoshi Nagoya","doi":"10.1002/jor.70005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jor.70005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Preservation of the short external rotator muscles of the hip is effective in preventing dislocation after total hip arthroplasty. The external rotation torque exerted by the short external rotator muscles can resist internal rotation of the hip joint; however, the absence of quantitative data on external rotation torque makes it difficult to determine which short external rotator muscles should be preserved. We compared the external rotation torque of individual short external rotator muscles in hip flexion. The external rotation torque of the piriformis, obturator internus, conjoined tendon, and obturator externus was evaluated in 15 fresh-frozen cadaveric hips from 0° to 105° of hip flexion, by applying muscle force based on physiological cross-sectional area to the muscle-string model constructed along the anatomical course of each muscle on the pelvis. External rotation torque of the piriformis, obturator internus, and conjoined tendon peaked at 15° hip flexion, and then decreased as the hip flexed. External rotation torque of the obturator externus increased as the hip flexed. At 75° of flexion or more in deep flexion, ranges associated with a high risk of dislocation, the obturator externus had the highest external rotation torque. External rotation torque of the obturator externus was, on average, 2.18 times greater than that of the conjoined tendon at 90° of hip flexion, and 3.80 times greater at 105° flexion. These findings, which include the element of muscle force, suggest that preservation of the obturator externus is the most effective in resisting dislocation among the short external rotator muscles. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: No study has evaluated dislocation resistance based on external rotation torque, including both a force component and muscle course. In this study, we estimated the muscle force of the short external rotator muscles from the PCSA, and quantitatively evaluated how that muscle force changes as external rotation torque during hip flexion. While approaches to hip replacement surgery and the preservation of tissues vary, our results suggest criteria for which muscles should be effectively preserved to resist dislocation in selective dissection of the posterior soft tissues of the hip joint. In future, surgeons will be able to advocate surgical approaches that are less invasive and more resistant to dislocation, which will require clinical evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":16650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Research®","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144310101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of Skeletal Muscles in Lower Limb From the Perspective of Muscle Quality in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis.","authors":"Gakuto Kitamura, Manabu Nankaku, Takumi Kawano, Shinichi Kuriyama, Shinichiro Nakamura, Kohei Nishitani, Shuichi Matsuda, Ryosuke Ikeguchi","doi":"10.1002/jor.70003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jor.70003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This observational cohort study aimed to comprehensively assess the muscle quality of gluteus, quadriceps femoris, and calf muscles. Seventy-seven patients with knee osteoarthritis scheduled for total knee arthroplasty participated in this retrospective cohort study. The cross-sectional area (CSA) of the lower limb muscles was assessed using computed tomography images, and muscular attenuation was evaluated in Hounsfield Units (HU). Muscle quality was categorized into four groups based on HU values: intramuscular fat tissue, very low-density muscle (VLDM), low-density muscle (LDM), and normal-density muscle. The ratio of the four tissue CSAs was calculated and compared between surgical scheduled side (affected side) and contralateral side or among gluteus, quadriceps femoris, and calf muscles. The results revealed affected side had a lower ratio of normal-density muscle in all muscle groups compared to contralateral side. In addition, gluteus had the highest intramuscular fat tissue CSA ratio, followed by the calf muscles and quadriceps femoris. Gluteus also had significantly higher ratios of VLDM and LDM than quadriceps femoris and calf muscles. The ratio of normal-density muscle CSA was the lowest in the gluteus, followed by the calf muscles and quadriceps femoris. This study provides a detailed characterization of lower limb muscle quality in patients with knee osteoarthritis, demonstrating that gluteus have higher fat infiltration and lower normal-density muscle compared to the quadriceps femoris and calf muscles. These findings highlight the importance of assessing muscle quality in gluteus, quadriceps femoris, and calf muscles for optimal rehabilitation planning in patients with knee osteoarthritis.</p>","PeriodicalId":16650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Research®","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144310100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leukocyte-Rich Platelet-Rich Plasma Is Superior to Leukocyte-Poor Platelet-Rich Plasma in Improving Muscle Healing by Promoting Angiogenesis.","authors":"Li-Ping Lin, Jong-Hwei Su Pang, Tung-Yang Yu, Chih-Chin Hsu, Yu-Cih Liao, Wen-Chung Tsai","doi":"10.1002/jor.70001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jor.70001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Therapies involving platelet-rich plasma (PRP) have been validated in extant research to be efficacious for acute muscle injury treatment. The influence of PRP leukocyte concentration on muscle regeneration under acute muscle injury conditions is uncertain. We executed our current research with the purpose of probing the influence exerted by leukocyte-poor PRP (LP-PRP) treatment and that exerted by leukocyte-rich PRP (LR-PRP) treatment on muscle regeneration. A rat model of muscle injury was adopted. Treatment involved local LR-PRP, LP-PRP, or normal saline injection at 1 day after muscle injury. At 7, 14, and 21 days post-injury, muscle regeneration was evaluated. Specifically, to evaluate such regeneration, histological sections underwent immunofluorescence staining, and muscle contractile properties were assessed. Angiogenesis was detected through a tube formation assay as well as through immunofluorescence staining that was executed for both CD31 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase. LR-PRP was noted to increase centronucleated myofiber quantity and myofiber size to a greater extent when contrasted against LP-PRP. In addition, in injured muscles, LR-PRP was determined to enhance fast-twitch strength recovery and tetanic strength recovery. Both PRP variants promoted In Vitro and In Vivo angiogenesis, with LR-PRP promoting angiogenesis to a significantly greater extent. LR-PRP improves muscle regeneration by promoting angiogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":16650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Research®","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144284988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal Timing for Initiating Postoperative Mobilization for Healing Enthesis in Onto-Surface Repair.","authors":"Takuma Naka, Ken Kumagai, Kimi Ishikawa, Yusuke Inoue, Youhei Kusaba, Kiyotaka Nagashima, Daiki Watanabe, Hyonmin Choe, Hiroyuki Ike, Naomi Kobayashi, Yutaka Inaba","doi":"10.1002/jor.70002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jor.70002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to identify the optimal timing for starting mobilization after enthesis repair surgery. A total of 28 8-week-old male Wistar rats underwent bilateral Achilles tendon detachment and repair. We randomized animals into four groups based on the duration of immobilization: no cast group, no immobilization; 7 days group, immobilization for 7 days; 14 days group, immobilization for 14 days; or 30 days group, immobilization for 30 days. Samples were harvested for biomechanical and histological analyses following euthanasia at 30 days after surgery. Histological findings showed abundant fibrocartilage formation in 7 days group, limited fibrocartilage formation in 14 days group, and no fibrocartilage formation in no cast or 30 days group. Histological score was significantly higher in 7 days group than in no cast and 30 days groups (p < 0.05 each). Biomechanical analysis showed that the mean load to failure was significantly higher in 7 days and 14 days groups than in no cast and 30 days groups (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that starting mobilization following short-term (1 week) immobilization is the optimal timing to improve structural and mechanical properties of healing enthesis. This provides insight into the optimization of rehabilitation protocols following enthesis repair surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":16650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Research®","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144284989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sonographic Patellar and Quadriceps Tendon Length Pre- and Post-Autograft Harvest: Reliability and Concurrent Validity.","authors":"Andrew Sprague, George Raum, Naoaki Ito","doi":"10.1002/jor.70004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jor.70004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Extensor mechanism autografts used for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, namely bone-patellar tendon-bone (BPTB) and quadriceps tendon (QT), may result in harvest-site tendon elongation. Extended field of view (EFOV) ultrasound imaging has the potential to evaluate changes in tendon length, but the reliability and validity of these methods in this population are unknown. This study evaluated the reliability and concurrent validity of measurement methods to assess sonographic quadriceps and patellar tendon lengths before and after autograft harvest. Reliability: EFOV ultrasound images were collected by one examiner pre- and post-graft harvest and measured by three examiners in 20 participants (10 BPTB, 10 QT). Measurements were repeated by one examiner blinded to the initial results. Examiners utilized two measurement methods: (1) traditional bony landmarks; (2) novel landmarks less likely to be compromised by bone plug harvest. Validity: EFOV measurements were compared to direct caliper measurements in 20 cadavers. Reliability and validity were examined using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), Pearson's correlation coefficients, and measures of error. Intra-rater reliability for both methods were good to excellent (Pre: Patellar: 0.81-0.99, Quadriceps: 0.97; Post: Patellar 0.82-0.91, Quadriceps: 0.91-0.92) and moderate to excellent for inter-rater (ICCs Pre: Patellar: 0.90-0.99, Quadriceps: 0.96; Post: Patellar: 0.80-0.96, Quadriceps: 0.71-0.75). Standard errors of the measurement were lower for the traditional method for each tendon. ICCs for concurrent validity were moderate to good (Patellar: 0.73, Quadriceps: 0.83). STATEMENT OF CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: EFOV ultrasound can reliably measure patellar and quadriceps tendon length before and after autograft harvest for ACLR.</p>","PeriodicalId":16650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Research®","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144284990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issue Information - Cover","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/jor.25891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jor.25891","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Research®","volume":"43 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jor.25891","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144264682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issue Information - Editorial Board and TOC","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/jor.25890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jor.25890","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Research®","volume":"43 7","pages":"1213-1216"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jor.25890","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144264683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}