Journal of paediatrics and child health最新文献

{"title":"Autologous Blood Patch and Lung Ultrasound for Persistent Air Leak in an Extremely Premature Neonate","authors":"Callum Gately","doi":"10.1111/jpc.70022","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpc.70022","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Pneumothorax is a well-known complication of lung disease in the neonate, with an incidence of 10% in extremely preterm infants, though much higher in the setting of preterm, premature, rupture of membranes (PPROM) with oligohydramnios. Additionally, Infants who experience an air leak requiring an intercostal chest drain have a higher rate of mortality than those who do not experience an air leak [<span>1</span>]. It is rare to have a persistent air leak beyond 7 days, and there is a paucity of literature on treatment and prognosis, though it is generally accepted to be a complication associated with high mortality. This case presentation outlines a novel approach to achieving resolution of a persistent air leak in an extremely premature neonate with the use of an autologous blood patch.</p><p>The patient is a female infant with pulmonary hypoplasia and respiratory distress syndrome who experienced persistent air leak for 28 days. She was born at 24 + 4 weeks gestation with a birth weight of 697 g. Her mother's pregnancy was high risk and complicated by placenta increta along with PPROM from 18 weeks gestation, with associated anhydramnios. She had a planned high-risk caesarean section delivery at 24 weeks after a full course of steroids and magnesium sulphate. This was a complicated delivery with extensive intraoperative blood loss estimated at 16 L, controlled with surgical and radiological intervention along with activation of a massive transfusion protocol.</p><p>The infant required intubation at birth. She had evidence of severe Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Pulmonary Hypoplasia. She was transferred to the Neonatal Intensive Care and placed on high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV); settings to achieve preductal saturations of 90%–95% and PaCO<sub>2</sub> 45–60 mmHg were mean airway pressure (MAP) 15, Hertz of 15, amplitude of 50, fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO<sub>2</sub>) 1.0. She received a total of four doses of surfactant (Poractant alpha) over the first 48 h due to the ongoing severity of her lung disease, air leaks, and high-pressure ventilation requirement. At 4 h of age, she developed a right-sided tension pneumothorax requiring intercostal chest drain insertion (Figure 1). At 30 h, she developed a left-sided tension pneumothorax requiring intercostal chest drain insertion (Figure 2). Over the following 28 days, she experienced persistent right-sided air leak. Her treatment included multiple chest drains, moderate-dose systemic steroids (3.6 mg/kg cumulative dose of Dexamethasone) and attempts to manage on non-invasive ventilation (triggered non invasive positive pressure ventilation and nasal high frequency ventilation). Chest drains were directed anteriorly (confirmed with a lateral chest x-ray) and attached to 20 cm H<sub>2</sub>O negative pressure suction. They were observed for patency (swinging) and were always effective at decompressing the pneumothorax. With resolution of bubbling, each attempt at coming off ","PeriodicalId":16648,"journal":{"name":"Journal of paediatrics and child health","volume":"61 5","pages":"802-805"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jpc.70022","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143501679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Missed Opportunities for Preventing or Diagnosing Acute Rheumatic Fever: A Retrospective Cohort Study of 20 Young Australians Diagnosed With Rheumatic Heart Disease on Screening Echocardiography","authors":"Oliver Rouhiainen,&nbsp;Jessica Gatti,&nbsp;Seide Ramadani,&nbsp;Jayden Stewart,&nbsp;Melanie Matthews,&nbsp;Helen Fairhurst,&nbsp;Bo Remenyi,&nbsp;Joshua R. Francis,&nbsp;Jennifer Yan","doi":"10.1111/jpc.16797","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpc.16797","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A cross-sectional echocardiographic screening study in a remote Aboriginal community in Australia identified hyperendemic levels of rheumatic heart disease (RHD). 20/613 screened were newly diagnosed with RHD, and 18/20 had no known history of acute rheumatic fever (ARF). Our aim was to explore the medical histories of those newly diagnosed with RHD for potential (1) missed opportunities for primary prevention of ARF through management of Group A Streptococcal (Strep A) infection, and (2) missed opportunities for diagnosis of ARF.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We assessed community clinic and tertiary hospital medical records of those children with new diagnoses of RHD (<i>n</i> = 20), and collected information regarding previous episodes of possible Strep A infection or its sequelae.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>All 20 participants had previous documented possible or confirmed Strep A infections, predominantly in the form of impetigo or infected scabies (range 1–17 episodes per participant). At least 15/20 participants had potential Strep A infections where treatment that was documented may not have adequately covered Strep A. 11/20 participants had scabies diagnosed without documented scabies treatment. 2/20 participants had previously diagnosed ARF, however these were diagnosed within the month prior to the community-wide screening for RHD. 2/20 participants had undiagnosed, probable or possible ARF when classified retrospectively from review of their case documentation. 13/20 participants had non-specific presentations with joint complaints that may have represented an ARF episode but with inadequate workup to fulfil diagnostic criteria on retrospective assessment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16648,"journal":{"name":"Journal of paediatrics and child health","volume":"61 5","pages":"741-746"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jpc.16797","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143483480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Current Landscape for Screening and Monitoring of Early-Stage Type 1 Diabetes","authors":"Kruthika Narayan,&nbsp;Kara Mikler,&nbsp;Ann Maguire,&nbsp;Maria E. Craig,&nbsp;Kirstine Bell","doi":"10.1111/jpc.70016","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpc.70016","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Type 1 diabetes (T1D) has two pre-symptomatic phases (stages 1 and 2) with progressive destruction of beta cells which have been identified through longitudinal cohort studies in recent decades. The definition of T1D, with hyperglycaemia that may or may not be symptomatic, is now defined as stage 3. There is growing evidence that screening for stages 1 and 2 reduces rates of diabetic ketoacidosis and prevents long-term complications. These stages can be defined by the presence of islet autoantibodies which are markers of autoimmune beta cell damage. Furthermore, genetic risk scores, which combine a variety of single nucleotide polymorphisms, identify people at high genetic risk of future T1D. Thus, they provide an opportunity to select high-risk individuals for islet autoantibody testing. Individuals identified as having stage 1 or 2 T1D require ongoing monitoring to detect hyperglycaemia and the need for insulin replacement. These individuals may also be eligible for emerging immunotherapies in future to delay progression to stage 3. This review article explores the current evidence for screening and summarises the recommended clinical care for early-stage T1D.</p>","PeriodicalId":16648,"journal":{"name":"Journal of paediatrics and child health","volume":"61 5","pages":"676-684"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jpc.70016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143468093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A General Paediatric Approach to Ankyloblepharon–Ectodermal Dysplasia–Cleft Lip/Palate Syndrome in Infancy: A Case Report","authors":"James Gaston,&nbsp;Alex Pritchard,&nbsp;Malindi Haggett,&nbsp;David Orchard","doi":"10.1111/jpc.70020","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpc.70020","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16648,"journal":{"name":"Journal of paediatrics and child health","volume":"61 4","pages":"647-650"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143458399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association of Cyberspace and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms in Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review","authors":"Maryam Abdoli,&nbsp;Majid Rahimi,&nbsp;Ali Dianati,&nbsp;Seyede Shahrbanoo Daniali,&nbsp;Roya Kelishadi","doi":"10.1111/jpc.70003","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpc.70003","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of children has been considered. Children with attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are likely to be more vulnerable too. This study aimed to provide a systematic review of evidence regarding the association between screen usage and symptoms of ADHD during the COVID-19 pandemic.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This review adhered to PRISMA guidelines. Systematic searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences and Cochrane Library.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of 130 identified reports, 8 papers covering 1587 subjects were included. The spent time on different types of screen time from TV to video games among children and adolescents with ADHD increased. The majority of studies showed that a surge in screen time was associated with the worsening of ADHD symptoms such as irritation, inattention, hyperactivity and oppositional defiant disorders (ODDs). The finding confirmed the severity of ADHD symptoms in individuals with a history of addictive or problematic usage of media was higher in comparison with others. One study found that educational screen time was not associated with disturbances in ADHD symptoms. In addition, ADHD symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic were influenced by prior mental health situations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The current findings suggest considering the negative association of excess screen time with ADHD symptoms, monitoring of screen time particularly for recreational purposes should be monitored to prevent negative consequences in children and adolescents with ADHD. On the other hand, designing educational and treatment interventions based on digital technology could not be ignored.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16648,"journal":{"name":"Journal of paediatrics and child health","volume":"61 4","pages":"549-558"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143433482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Pro-, Pre- and Synbiotic Supplementation on the Growth of Infants and Children: An Umbrella Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Shengnan An,&nbsp;Jinfeng Kong,&nbsp;Asghar Ghorbani,&nbsp;Azadeh Dehghani,&nbsp;Shahab Alizadeh","doi":"10.1111/jpc.16789","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpc.16789","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In recent years, pro-, pre- and synbiotics have been suggested to positively influence the growth outcomes of infants and children. However, the findings have been inconsistent. This umbrella meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate this effect.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases were systematically searched until June 2024 to identify relevant studies. Weight gain, length gain, head circumstance (HC) gain, body mass index (BMI) as well as weight-for-height (WHZ), height-for-age (HAZ), weight-for-age (WAZ) and BMI-for-age (BMIAZ) <i>Z</i>-scores were considered as the outcomes. Standardised mean differences (SMD) along with the 95% confidence interval (CI) were utilised to estimate the overall effect size. Subgroup analyses were conducted to identify the sources of heterogeneity among the studies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We included 26 meta-analyses, which encompassed a total of 72 285 participants. The pooled umbrella analysis revealed positive effects of pro-, pre- and synbiotics on weight gain (SMD = 0.17, 95% CI: 0.09–0.25) and height gain (SMD = 0.10, 95% CI: 0.01–0.19) in both healthy individuals and preterm infants, although significant heterogeneity was observed across the studies (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, the subgroup analyses indicated very weak evidence for an increase in BMI and WAZ following microbiome-based interventions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Supplementation with pro-, pre- and synbiotics has the potential to enhance weight and height gain in infants and children. Additional large-scale studies are needed to confirm their clinical applications.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16648,"journal":{"name":"Journal of paediatrics and child health","volume":"61 3","pages":"354-368"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143414590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accidental Trisodium Phosphate [Na3PO4] (TSP) Ingestion in a Child","authors":"William Hoffmann,&nbsp;Christopher Cooke,&nbsp;Ryan F. Bloomquist","doi":"10.1111/jpc.70012","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpc.70012","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>It is not uncommon for a child to present to the hospital due to accidental ingestions, and oftentimes they are the result of a child accessing household cleaning or home improvement products. Typically, the upper gastrointestinal tract is the site of initial tissue insult and prognosis of these cases depends on a variety of factors, including the ingested substance, injury extent, and assessments and treatments rendered. Possible post-ingestion complications that make management difficult may include mediastinitis, hemodynamic instability, gastrointestinal perforation, erosion and scarring.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Case</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this case, a 13-month-old boy accidently swallowed Trisodium phosphate [Na₃PO₄] (TSP), a common household all-purpose heavy-duty cleaner. After ingestion, the patient presented to the emergency department where a multi-disciplinary team-initiated care. Work-up included regular vital checks, electrolyte profiles, blood profiles and an esophagogastroduodenoscopy. He was eventually discharged and scheduled to return for follow-up with esophagram, without long term consequences.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although the ingestion of TSP has occurred before, the literature regarding consumption of this specific detergent is negligible. This case provides evidence regarding the treatment and outcome of a paediatric patient who accidentally swallowed TSP and offers guidance in the management of their care.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16648,"journal":{"name":"Journal of paediatrics and child health","volume":"61 4","pages":"643-646"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jpc.70012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143408479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Topical Steroid Withdrawal: An Emerging Challenge in the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis","authors":"Conor Larney,&nbsp;Ashling Courtney,&nbsp;Anousha Yazdabadi,&nbsp;John C. Su","doi":"10.1111/jpc.70018","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpc.70018","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Topical corticosteroids (TCS) have been a cornerstone in managing atopic dermatitis (AD) since their introduction in 1952. Though there are well-documented adverse effects attributed to their use, the existence of some complications of TCS use, including topical steroid withdrawal (TSW) syndrome, characterised by TCS dependence and skin disease worsening after TCS discontinuation, are more controversial within the dermatology community. There is no consensus on diagnostic criteria for TSW or clarity on its prevalence, natural history and management. Media reports are common and TSW overdiagnosis may lead to steroid phobia, poor adherence to TCS therapy, and unnecessary, increased, and protracted AD flares. This paper reviews the historical context, clinical presentations, challenges in diagnosis and the ongoing debate regarding TSW, with a focus on the implications for patient management and the potential consequences of steroid phobia on treatment adherence.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16648,"journal":{"name":"Journal of paediatrics and child health","volume":"61 4","pages":"545-548"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143399329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study of Body Composition in Children Suffering From Infantile Vitamin B12 Deficiency","authors":"Viresh Vohra,&nbsp;Harvinder Kaur,&nbsp;Savita Verma Attri,&nbsp;Bhavneet Bharati,&nbsp;Pawan Kumar,&nbsp;Shivan Kesavan,&nbsp;Naveen Sankhyan","doi":"10.1111/jpc.70000","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpc.70000","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Infantile tremor syndrome (ITS), or neurocutaneous infantile vitamin B12 deficiency syndrome (NIBS), is characterised by tremors, developmental delay, anaemia and skin hyperpigmentation. This study aimed to assess the body composition and serum lipids in children with ITS.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Children under 2 years of age with a clinical diagnosis of ITS were enrolled. Dietary history, developmental milestones and anthropometric data were recorded, along with blood tests for B12, homocysteine, lipid profile and blood counts.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of 50 children screened, 31 with a median age of 13 months were included. Most (80.6%) were from lower socio-economic backgrounds. Limb tremors were observed in 51.6%, and all but one child had a developmental quotient (DQ) below 70, indicating significant developmental delays. Microcephaly was present in 35.4%, and moderate to severe anaemia was nearly universal. Growth parameters, including fat mass and fat-free mass, were significantly lower in children with ITS compared to controls. Lipid profiles revealed consistently high triglycerides, low HDL and elevated LDL in most age groups, suggesting a pro-atherogenic metabolic state.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Severe Infantile vitamin B12 deficiency significantly impairs head growth, overall development and body composition, with potential long-term cardiovascular risks due to abnormal lipid profiles.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16648,"journal":{"name":"Journal of paediatrics and child health","volume":"61 5","pages":"729-733"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143399208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Clinical Burden of SARS-CoV-2 Compared to Influenza A in the Same Cohort of Paediatric Outpatients; Increased Influenza Severity and Potential Insights","authors":"Papadopoulou Athina,&nbsp;Lampidi Stavroula,&nbsp;Mermiri T. Despoina Zoe,&nbsp;Kostaridou Stavroula,&nbsp;Kanariou G. Maria","doi":"10.1111/jpc.70014","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpc.70014","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The variation in the clinical severity of viral infections remains a matter of scientific debate. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Influenza A virus (IAV) are both RNA viruses, exhibiting a range of clinical presentations, ranging from asymptomatic cases to fatalities, influenced by both viral and host factors. A descriptive real-life study was conducted, aiming to compare the clinical manifestations of recent COVID-19 with those of IAV infection in the same group of non-hospitalised, unvaccinated children.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Between September 2021 and February 2023, we evaluated 115 individuals (male 48.7%, mean age 101.8 ± 50.8 months) who had not received vaccination for both SARS-CoV-2 and the quadrivalent influenza vaccine and were documented to be infected with both viruses within a 12-month time interval. The visual analogue scale (VAS-5) was used to assess parents'/patients' evaluation comparing the two infections.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In cases of IAV infection, a significantly higher prevalence of prolonged high fever, upper and lower respiratory symptoms, and secondary infections was observed. The majority (74.8%) of patients and/or parents assessed IAV as a more severe clinical syndrome compared with SARS-CoV-2.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The clinical burden of IAV was found to be greater than that of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the same unvaccinated children. This variation in clinical severity may provide a reference for effective vaccination policies; however, underlying mechanisms that could explain this difference require further evaluation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16648,"journal":{"name":"Journal of paediatrics and child health","volume":"61 5","pages":"734-740"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143399326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}