Journal of Occupational Health最新文献

{"title":"Heat-related symptom profiles among construction workers: a latent class analysis of behavioral and workplace factors.","authors":"Duck-Yeon Cho, Eun-Hi Choi","doi":"10.1093/joccuh/uiag047","DOIUrl":"10.1093/joccuh/uiag047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Construction workers face substantial occupational heat exposure, but little is known about whether heat-related symptoms form distinct co-occurring profiles or which modifiable workplace and behavioral factors characterize workers with greater symptom burden. This study used latent class analysis (LCA) to identify heat-related symptom profiles among construction workers and examine associated behavioral and workplace factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study analyzed data from 357 construction workers at 7 South Korean worksites in September 2022. Participants reported heat-related symptoms experienced during the preceding summer (June-August 2022). LCA was performed using 4 binary indicators: dizziness, headache, heat sensation, and near-accident experience. Factors associated with class membership were examined using R3STEP multinomial logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A 2-class model provided the best fit (entropy = 0.878), identifying a high-symptom class (29.4%) and a low-symptom class (70.6%). Work persistence tendency was most strongly associated with high-symptom class membership, followed by fatigue severity. Rest break guidance and chronic disease status were inversely associated with membership; the latter association may reflect selection effects among currently employed workers. Rest break practice was positively associated with membership, though this association warrants cautious interpretation given the cross-sectional design.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Nearly one-third of workers belonged to a high-symptom class with co-occurring heat-related symptoms. High-symptom class membership was more strongly associated with behavioral and workplace factors than with individual characteristics. The inverse association with organizational rest break guidance highlights the need for institutional protocols that authorize stopping work before symptoms develop. These findings support organizational interventions that reduce reliance on worker-initiated prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":16632,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Occupational Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13540742/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148759471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Author reply to comments on \"Association between health literacy and behaviors among shift workers: an observational cross-sectional study with mediation analysis\".","authors":"Yuko Morikawa, Keiko Teranishi, Masaru Sakurai, Masao Ishizaki, Teruhiko Kido, Hideaki Nakagawa","doi":"10.1093/joccuh/uiag012","DOIUrl":"10.1093/joccuh/uiag012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16632,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Occupational Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13173427/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147377861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Firefighter cancer risks: a systematic review and proposal for a volunteer-specific decontamination model.","authors":"Ben Schutte, Oluwabunmi Dada, Rachael Obeng, Traci Byrd","doi":"10.1093/joccuh/uiag013","DOIUrl":"10.1093/joccuh/uiag013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Firefighters face a disproportionately high risk of developing cancer due to occupational exposure to carcinogens, including combustion byproducts, diesel exhaust, and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) found in firefighting foams and protective gear. This study aimed to systematically review existing literature on cancer risks among firefighters, with particular attention to exposures, prevention strategies, and decontamination practices, and to propose a novel model addressing current gaps.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Peer-reviewed articles, international reports, and high-quality training materials were included. A total of 37 records were included in the final review. Data were synthesized across thematic areas relevant to firefighter cancer risk.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five key themes were identified: (1) cancer incidence and mortality, (2) occupational exposure sources, (3) basic prevention practices, (4) gear hygiene, and (5) station decontamination models. The review also identified a critical gap in current decontamination protocols for volunteer firefighters in rural areas, who often respond to emergencies using personal vehicles. To address this, we proposed a novel, volunteer-specific decontamination framework, the Schutte Model, adapting existing best practices to minimize carcinogen transfer during gear transport.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides both an evidence-based synthesis and a novel intervention model. Findings underscore the urgent need for inclusive, low-cost, and culturally tailored prevention strategies to reduce cancer risks among all firefighters, particularly volunteers operating in under-resourced and decentralized contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":16632,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Occupational Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13125747/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147369689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupational health nurse involvement and Bright 500 certification among Japanese small- and medium-sized enterprises: a repeated cross-sectional analysis of 4 annual health and productivity management survey waves.","authors":"Satoru Kanamori, Kumi Sugimoto, Satoshi Miyata, Junko Nakatani, Tomohisa Nagata","doi":"10.1093/joccuh/uiag031","DOIUrl":"10.1093/joccuh/uiag031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate the association between occupational health nurse (OHN) involvement and Bright 500 certification, an indicator of high-performing health and productivity management (HPM), among Japanese small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) using multi-year survey data.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This observational study used secondary data from the 2021-2024 HPM Survey. Each annual response was analyzed as a corporation-year observation, and within-corporation correlation was handled with a random intercept for corporations. OHN involvement was defined as the appointment of public health nurses and/or nurses as health promotion officers. Bright 500 certification, obtained from publicly available certification records, was used as an indicator of more advanced HPM. The association was examined using a mixed-effects logistic regression model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analytical sample comprised 12 847 (2021), 14 401 (2022), 17 316 (2023), and 20 267 (2024) SMEs. OHN involvement increased from 5.1% (2021) to 5.8% (2024). Bright 500 certification was consistently higher in corporations with OHN involvement (10.8% in 2021, 8.4% in 2024) than in those without (2%-3% across years). After adjustment for survey year, region, insurer category, industry type, employee size, internal and external dissemination of HPM initiatives, and occupational physician involvement, OHN involvement was independently associated with certification (odds ratio: 2.35; 95% CI, 1.21-4.54; P = .011).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Across the 4 survey waves, OHN involvement was positively associated with Bright 500 certification among SMEs. These findings suggest that OHNs may be relevant to advanced HPM implementation in this setting. Future studies should capture OHN staffing arrangements, intensity and roles, and initiative timing to clarify mechanisms and potential causality.</p>","PeriodicalId":16632,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Occupational Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13377539/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148295214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computer vision syndrome and ergonomic risk factors among administrative workers in public health care facilities: a cross-sectional occupational study.","authors":"Muhamad Faez Faisal Sezali, Mohd Nazri Shafei, Afiq Izzudin A Rahim","doi":"10.1093/joccuh/uiag040","DOIUrl":"10.1093/joccuh/uiag040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Computer vision syndrome (CVS) is increasingly recognized as an occupational health issue in workplaces with heavy digital use. Although there is ample evidence among IT professionals and students, data on administrative staff in public health care is scarce. This research aimed to determine the prevalence of CVS and identify related factors among administrative workers in public health care facilities on Malaysia's east coast.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study involving 370 administrative workers from 6 government health care institutions was carried out using multistage random sampling. Data collection included a validated Computer Vision Syndrome Questionnaire and ergonomic assessments. Multiple logistic regression and mixed-effects logistic regression analyses were used to determine independent predictors of CVS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence among participants was 59.7%. Key independent predictors included being female (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.05; 95% CI, 1.21-3.46), poor horizontal eye level positioning (aOR = 2.27; 95% CI, 1.40-3.70), and wearing corrective glasses (aOR = 1.84; 95% CI, 1.13-2.99).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CVS was common among administrative workers in public health care facilities in the east coast state of Malaysia. Modifiable ergonomic factors, especially incorrect screen positioning, greatly raised the risk. These results emphasize the importance of workplace ergonomic interventions and regular visual health checks to reduce digital eye strain and enhance occupational health in settings with extensive computer use.</p>","PeriodicalId":16632,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Occupational Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13481142/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148536188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between unpredictable work schedule changes and sleep disorders among wage workers: evidence from national Working Conditions Surveys in Korea and Europe.","authors":"Min Young Park, Jong-Su Kim, Joonho Ahn","doi":"10.1093/joccuh/uiag044","DOIUrl":"10.1093/joccuh/uiag044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Unpredictable work schedule changes have emerged as a distinct occupational health concern, yet their association with chronic sleep disorders remains understudied. Given the contrasting institutional contexts of the Republic of Korea and Europe, we hypothesized that the association would differ in magnitude between the 2 regions and examined this using a dose-response framework based on advance notice timing.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study analyzed data from the 2017 Korean Working Conditions Survey and the 2015 European Working Conditions Survey. Habitual work schedule unpredictability, reflecting structural instability in working time arrangements, was assessed by advance notice timing. Sleep disorders were assessed using the validated Minimal Insomnia Symptom Scale. Stratified and sensitivity analyses were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Unpredictable schedule changes were associated with higher odds of sleep disorders in Korea (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.544; 95% CI, 2.195-2.948) and Europe (aOR = 1.787; 95% CI, 1.543-2.070), with a formally confirmed regional difference (P for interaction <.0001). Risk increased progressively as advance notice shortened, demonstrating a clear dose-response relationship. Among subgroups, a statistically significant interaction was identified for long working hours in Korea, with stronger associations observed among those without overtime.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Habitual work schedule unpredictability is a distinct occupational risk factor for sleep disorders. The observed dose-response pattern suggests that greater advance notice may be associated with lower risk, highlighting schedule predictability as a potential occupational health priority warranting regulatory and organizational attention.</p>","PeriodicalId":16632,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Occupational Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13526365/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148630754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of workers' compensation systems in Singapore and Japan.","authors":"Kee Leng Chua, Alvin Kian Wei Tan, Kimiyo Mori, Chikage Nagano, Seichi Horie, David Soo Quee Koh","doi":"10.1093/joccuh/uiag038","DOIUrl":"10.1093/joccuh/uiag038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Singapore and Japan have well-established workers' compensation systems that differ significantly in their structure and approach. We sought to identify key differences between the 2 systems, highlight successful practices for consideration, and critically assess the advantages and disadvantages of each approach.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comparative analysis of workers' compensation systems in Singapore and Japan was conducted in the form of a narrative review, drawing upon published data from peer-reviewed scientific journals, official national sources, and key international organizations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Singapore's workers' compensation system focuses on ensuring employer competitiveness while providing workers with basic financial protection and limiting spillover costs to society through tightly scoped compensation coverage. In contrast, Japan's workers' compensation system prioritizes worker health with more comprehensive compensation benefits, coverage, and clearer insurance mechanisms to recognize the true costs of poor workplace safety and health. Both Singapore and Japan face similar challenges for workers' compensation in terms of apportioning attributability of occupational diseases and underreporting of work-related incidents.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A better understanding of the underlying principles and trade-offs within each workers' compensation system allows for identification of opportunities to strengthen fairness and ensure more equitable outcomes for workers, employers, and society. Both Singapore and Japan can benefit from closer collaboration to share best practices, innovative solutions, and research efforts to address shared challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":16632,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Occupational Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13464671/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148421726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting mental health-related sick leave using stress check data: development and validation of a workplace risk model.","authors":"Shunsuke Inoue, Tomohisa Nagata, Naoto Ito, Yuka Takahashi, Yusuke Hoshi, Mika Sato, Masahide Minami, Masayoshi Ida, Koji Mori","doi":"10.1093/joccuh/uiag011","DOIUrl":"10.1093/joccuh/uiag011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To develop and validate a predictive model for mental health-related sick leave using data from Japan's Stress Check program linked with personnel records (demographics and sick-leave history), and to evaluate its predictive performance compared with the conventional high-stress classification.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective cohort study of employees (2020-2024) in a 14-company corporate group spanning diverse occupations. A mixed-effects logistic regression model was developed using data from 2020-2023, with company and year as random intercepts. Variable robustness was confirmed through least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression. Model calibration and discrimination were evaluated using the Brier score and area under the curve (AUC), respectively. The model was temporally validated on 2024 data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 87 138 person-years in the development phase, 695 employees took mental health-related sick leave (0.8%). Seven predictors-younger age, anxiety, depression, sleep disturbance, low job control, poor job suitability, and low coworker support-were significantly associated with sick leave. The recalibrated model showed good discrimination (AUC = 0.708) and calibration (Brier score = 0.0079) in development, and higher performance in validation (AUC = 0.819; Brier score = 0.0026). The conventional high-stress classification performed poorly.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The proposed model demonstrated robust predictive validity and outperformed the conventional high-stress classification. By providing quantitative and continuous risk stratification within the Stress Check framework, it offers a practical approach to support risk-based prioritization and decision-making in occupational health practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":16632,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Occupational Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13125752/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147306905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Different associations of stay-at-home exposure with changes in body mass index and cardiometabolic factors depending on occupational physical activity: a longitudinal quasi-experimental design.","authors":"Daijiro Kabata, Noriaki Kakiuchi, Takashi Marui, Naoko Ikeda, Mutsuko Kawai, Aki Kaimori, Noriko Saeki, Katsufumi Kajimoto, Riho Tanaka, Ayumi Zeniya, Fumi Yamanouchi, Saori Matsumiya, Yukihiro Koretsune","doi":"10.1093/joccuh/uiaf069","DOIUrl":"10.1093/joccuh/uiaf069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To quantify the short-term impact of an unexpected stay-at-home exposure, caused by a shipment suspension, on body mass index (BMI) and cardiometabolic markers among employees with different levels of occupational physical activity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Health-check records from 8307 workers at a large Japanese automobile manufacturer were linked to company attendance data covering a shipment suspension (January to April 2024). An interrupted time-series assessed BMI trajectories before, during, and after the halt. Among 614 employees who underwent an additional examination in April 2024, mixed-effects models related the duration of stay-at-home to changes in BMI and blood pressure within low-, medium-, and high-intensity job categories.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with pre-halt trends, medium-intensity and high-intensity workers showed significant level rises in BMI (0.96 kg/m2; 95% CI, 0.56-1.36; and 0.64 kg/m2; 95% CI, 0.24-1.04, respectively) at the onset of the suspension. Mixed-effects analyses showed a positive dose-response between the duration of stay-at-home and BMI gain in high-intensity jobs (0.47 kg/m2 per 20% absent days; 95% CI, 0.37-0.58). Per 20% of scheduled workdays absent, systolic blood pressure was higher in the medium- and high-intensity groups. No significant effects were observed among sedentary workers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Employees whose daily energy expenditure relies on job-related physical activity are especially susceptible to weight gain and blood pressure elevations during forced work interruptions. Business continuity plans should embed tailored countermeasures-such as structured exercise programs and phased returns to on-site duties-to safeguard metabolic health during future operational disruptions.</p>","PeriodicalId":16632,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Occupational Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12788860/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145634893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive urinary metabolite profiles of workers exposed to aniline, 2,4-dimethylaniline, and 2-methylaniline.","authors":"Yoko Eitaki, Makiko Nakano, Kazuyuki Omae, Toru Takebayashi","doi":"10.1093/joccuh/uiaf072","DOIUrl":"10.1093/joccuh/uiaf072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Biological exposure monitoring is particularly useful for understanding skin absorption of hazardous substances; however, existing measurement methods for aromatic amines show room for improvement, as they focus only on unchanged compounds. This study aimed to determine urinary concentrations of the unchanged compounds and metabolites of 3 aromatic amines (aniline, 2,4-dimethylaniline [m-xylidine], and 2-methylaniline [o-toluidine]) following enzymatic hydrolysis pretreatment, to calculate their proportions, and to assess markers for occupational biological exposure monitoring.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Urine samples were collected at the end of work shifts on consecutive days from 11 workers at a plant handling aromatic amines. Samples were enzymatically hydrolyzed using glucuronidase and sulfatase. The urinary concentrations of 25 substances were determined using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After exposure to the 3 aromatic amines, the major urinary excretion types were benzene ring-hydroxylated compounds, ring-hydroxylated and N-acetylated compounds, and side-chain methyl group oxides. The presence of unchanged and N-acetylated compounds was minor. Metabolism and urinary excretion were relatively different between the workers in our study and reported values from animal studies.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Excluding metabolites with low specificity, the sum of unchanged compounds and primary metabolites in urine could be a useful marker for biological exposure monitoring. Regarding aniline exposure, the relevant markers are the sum of aniline, N-acetyl-4-hydroxyaniline, and 2-hydroxyaniline. For 2,4-dimethylaniline exposure, the markers are the sum of 2,4-dimethylaniline, N-acetyl-4-carboxy-2-methylaniline, and 6-hydroxy-2,4-dimethylaniline. For 2-methylaniline exposure, the markers are the sum of 2-methylaniline, N-acetyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylaniline, 4-hydroxy-2-methylaniline, and 6-hydroxy-2-methylaniline. Urine sampling is recommended at the end of work shifts on consecutive working days.</p>","PeriodicalId":16632,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Occupational Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12788857/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145677806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}