Journal of Obesity最新文献

{"title":"Sarcopenic Obesity in People With HIV: Diagnostic Criteria and Classification-A Scoping Review With a Meta-Analysis of Prevalence.","authors":"Igor Massari Correia, Chimenny Auluã Lascas Cardoso De Moraes, Márcio Fernando Tasinafo Júnior, Joana Brilhadori, Jeferson Roberto Collevatti Dos Anjos, Euripedes Barsanulfo Gonçalves Gomide, Lisa Fernanda Mazzonetto, Alcivandro De Sousa Oliveira, Lara Souza Silva, Giovana Finco, Kelly K O 'Brien, Kristine M Erlandson, Alisson R Webel, Vitor Oliveira, Jéssica Fernanda Corrêa Cordeiro, André Pereira Dos Santos","doi":"10.1155/jobe/7991603","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jobe/7991603","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>(a) To describe studies that evaluated sarcopenic obesity (SO) in people with HIV (PWH); (b) to summarize the methods and diagnostic criteria used to define SO in PWH; and (c) to estimate the overall prevalence of SO in this population.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Scoping review conducted according to established methodological frameworks and reported following PRISMA-ScR recommendations.</p><p><strong>Setting and participants: </strong>Original observational studies conducted in clinical or research settings involving adults (≥ 18 years) with HIV that explicitly applied diagnostic criteria for SO were included.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Studies were identified through searches in 12 electronic databases from inception to August 2024, without language restrictions. The scoping review followed five stages: identification of the research question, identification and selection of relevant studies, data extraction, and synthesis of findings. Diagnostic approaches for SO included body composition assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) or computed tomography (CT), anthropometric measures such as body mass index (BMI), and functional assessments including handgrip strength and the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). An exploratory random-effects meta-analysis was performed to estimate the overall prevalence of SO in PWH.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three observational studies were included, two from Italy and one from the United States, comprising 2873 participants, predominantly male (n = 2174 [76%]). Mean age ranged from 47 to 52 years, and mean duration of HIV diagnosis and antiretroviral therapy exceeded 10 years. Seven distinct diagnostic criteria for SO were identified, with DXA being the most frequently used method. The prevalence of SO ranged from 0.76% to 20.8%, and the pooled overall prevalence was 8.18%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and implications: </strong>SO remains insufficiently explored among PWH. The wide variability in diagnostic criteria and assessment methods contributes to inconsistent prevalence estimates, underscoring the need for standardized, population-specific diagnostic approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":16628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity","volume":"2026 1","pages":"e7991603"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13435694/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148669544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk of Type 2 Diabetes According to Body Mass Index, Television Viewing Time, and Their Combination in the Japanese Population: Findings From the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study.","authors":"Shigekazu Ukawa, Wenjing Zhao, Satoyo Ikehara, Kokoro Shirai, Hiroyasu Iso, Akiko Tamakoshi","doi":"10.1155/jobe/1830356","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jobe/1830356","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the associations of body mass index (BMI), television viewing time, and their combination with the risk of Type 2 diabetes among Japanese individuals using data from a large Japanese prospective cohort study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective cohort study included 23,604 Japanese participants (9,284 males and 14,320 females) aged 40-79 years. Baseline data were collected between 1988 and 1990 using a self-administered questionnaire. In the 5-year follow-up survey, Type 2 diabetes was identified through self-reported physician diagnoses. We used a logistic regression model to analyze the associations of BMI and television viewing time, and their combination with the risk of Type 2 diabetes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the 5-year follow-up, 5.9% of participants developed incident Type 2 diabetes. BMI and prolonged TV viewing time were independently associated with an increased risk of developing Type 2 diabetes. Individuals with obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²) who viewed TV for ≥ 7 h had a twentyfold increase in diabetes risk (odds ratio: 21.42, 95% confidence interval: 7.23-63.49) compared with those with normal BMI (18.5-24.9 kg/m²) who viewed TV for ≤ 3 h, indicating a significant interaction.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study underscores the importance of addressing obesity and sedentary behavior to mitigate Type 2 diabetes risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":16628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity","volume":"2026 1","pages":"e1830356"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13273635/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148264851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Joint Association of Inflammatory-Metabolic Indices With Risk of Incident Stroke Among Middle-Aged and Older Chinese Adults.","authors":"Binbin Wang, Shuke Liu, Na Meng, Quan Li, Yan Chen, Xiaoxiao Peng, Haohao Wu, Shanwen Zhang, Gangzhen Qian","doi":"10.1155/jobe/8894079","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jobe/8894079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To investigate the independent and joint associations of the C-reactive protein-triglyceride-glucose index (CTI) and the Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI) with incident stroke. Additionally, we evaluated whether a novel combined index, CTI-CVAI, outperforms the established TyG-CVAI in predicting stroke risk.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This cohort study included 8267 stroke-free participants from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Cox proportional hazards models, Kaplan-Meier curves, and restricted cubic splines were utilized to analyze associations with incident stroke. Additive and multiplicative interactions between CTI and CVAI were examined. Predictive performance was assessed via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, comparing CTI-CVAI against TyG-CVAI using DeLong's test and the Boruta algorithm for feature importance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During a mean follow-up of 8.37 years, 816 incident stroke cases were identified. Elevated CTI and CVAI were independently associated with increased stroke risk in a linear dose-response manner, without significant interaction. The novel CTI-CVAI index exhibited a robust association with stroke; participants in the highest tertile had a 2.14-fold higher risk (HR 2.14, 95% CI 1.75-2.62) compared to the lowest. Crucially, CTI-CVAI demonstrated superior predictive accuracy (AUC 0.627) over the established TyG-CVAI index (P = 0.002), a finding supported by consistent results across subgroups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CTI and CVAI are independent risk factors for stroke, and their combination (CTI-CVAI) offers enhanced predictive value, outperforming the TyG-CVAI index. Monitoring CTI-CVAI may serve as a superior strategy for early risk stratification and targeted stroke prevention in middle-aged and elderly populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":16628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity","volume":"2026 1","pages":"e8894079"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13618367/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149069763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Body Shape Indices and Chronic Knee Pain in Chinese Aging Population: A Longitudinal Analysis of Abdominal Obesity, BMI, and Waist Circumference.","authors":"Dizhou Zhao, Daiqiang Huang, Lifen Zhang, Yunhui Wang, Lu Liu, Xiangyan Jin, Zhiming Shan","doi":"10.1155/jobe/2379392","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jobe/2379392","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic knee pain (CKP) is a globally prevalent condition among older adults, yet the predictive value of diverse obesity-related indices for CKP remains insufficiently explored in the Chinese population. This study aims to investigate the longitudinal relationship between abdominal obesity, multiple body shape indices (including weight, body mass index [BMI], waist circumference [WC], visceral adiposity index [VAI], and conicity index [CI]), and the risk of developing CKP using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a longitudinal analysis using data from CHARLS Wave 3 (2015, baseline) to Wave 5 (2020). The inclusion criteria were participants aged 55 years or older with complete biomarkers from fasting blood samples and anthropometric data at baseline. We excluded participants who: (1) had missing blood test results or body index data, (2) were lost to follow-up, (3) had missing information regarding knee pain, and (4) reported pre-existing knee pain at baseline (Wave 3). Abdominal obesity and body shape indices were assessed at baseline. The incidence of CKP was defined as reporting knee pain in two consecutive follow-up waves. Logistic regression and restricted cubic splines were employed to evaluate the associations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>889 out of 3288 participants, which is 27.04%, were identified as CKP during the 5-year follow-up period (2015-2020). After adjusting for various confounding factors, the OR for CKP associated with BMI was 1.03 (95% CI: 1.01-1.05; p = 0.020), WC was 1.01 (95% CI: 1.01-1.02; p = 0.011), and people with abdominal obesity was 1.36 (95% CI: 1.15-1.60; p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis demonstrated similar results without any interactions. In restricted cubic spline regression, the relationship between BMI and CKP is nonlinear, and the relationship between WC and CKP is linear.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Among middle-aged and older adults, abdominal obesity, BMI, and WC should be regarded as risk factors of CKP, whereas VAI, CI, and body weight should not. Notably, this study revealed a nonlinear relationship between BMI and CKP, contrasting with the linear link observed between WC and CKP. Furthermore, compared to BMI and WC, abdominal obesity demonstrates a higher statistical effect size and more pronounced clinical significance.</p>","PeriodicalId":16628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity","volume":"2026 1","pages":"e2379392"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13620403/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149075064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations Between Obesity-Related Comorbidities and Weight Loss After Bariatric Surgery: A Retrospective Analysis.","authors":"Urszula Stepaniak, Urszula Ambroży, Magdalena Kozela, Izabela Karpińska, Piotr Major, Maciej Matyja","doi":"10.1155/jobe/8878737","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jobe/8878737","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of the study was to describe the prevalence of comorbidities in patients with severe obesity in Poland and to assess the relationship between the diagnosis of chronic diseases and total weight lost after bariatric surgery in 1 year observation.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>The current study is a retrospective analysis that included medical records of 601 patients with data on body weight before and 1 year after bariatric surgery. The total weight loss was calculated as the difference between the initial body weight and body weight after 1 year, divided by the initial body weight, multiplied by 100. The total weight loss was calculated separately for body weight at admission for the surgery (%WL) and maximum recorded body weight (%maxWL). Data on history of all recorded in medical documentation chronic diseases were used. The associations between the presence of chronic diseases at baseline and total weight loss were assessed using multivariable linear regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Hypertension was the most common chronic disease (71.2%). Patients with hypertension, metabolic syndrome, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) had significantly higher %WL and %maxWL, while those with osteoarthritis and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) had lower %WL and %maxWL. After adjusting for age, sex, and initial body mass index (BMI), the presence of metabolic syndrome and COPD was positively associated with %WL (respectively, beta = 2.405; 95% CI: 0.195-4.615 and beta = 6.522; 95% CI: 1.094-11.951) and with %maxWL (respectively, beta = 2.389; 95% CI: 0.249-4.528 and beta = 6.281; 95% CI: 1.038-11.524). All other diseases and total number of comorbidities were not related to total weight loss.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Among patients undergoing bariatric surgery, obesity-related comorbidities were highly prevalent at baseline and did not adversely affect postoperative weight loss. Specifically, the presence of metabolic syndrome and COPD was independently associated with a greater 1-year total weight loss.</p>","PeriodicalId":16628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity","volume":"2026 1","pages":"e8878737"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13379895/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148497743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynapaenic Abdominal Obesity Is Associated With a Poorer Quality of Life in Women Diagnosed With Breast Cancer Awaiting Surgery.","authors":"Taise Andrade da Anunciação, Anna Karla Carneiro Roriz, Maria Lúcia Varjão da Costa, Viviane Sahade Souza, Rosângela Passos de Jesus, Priscila Ribas Farias Costa, Allain A Bueno, Lucivalda Pereira Magalhães de Oliveira","doi":"10.1155/jobe/4826660","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jobe/4826660","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lower quality of life (QoL) in cancer can negatively influence survival and treatment course. We have investigated the co-occurrence of dynapaenia and overweight or obesity in a sample population of women diagnosed with breast cancer admitted for cancer surgical treatment and how those chronic conditions influence QoL.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ninety-seven overweight or obese women admitted to hospital for scheduled lumpectomy or mastectomy were recruited. Correlative analyses of clinical, epidemiological, anthropometric, nutritional, and handgrip strength assessments were carried out. Dynapaenic abdominal obesity was defined as the coexistence of BMI ≥ 30 kg/m², waist circumference ≥ 88 cm, and dynapaenia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of dynapaenic abdominal obesity was associated with significantly lower QoL scores. Moreover, women with lower education, irregular physical activity, lower income and more severe obesity showed worsened QoL in the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast and-General domains and respective subdomains and in the Trial Outcome Index.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Dynapaenic abdominal obesity was independently associated with poorer QoL in women with breast cancer awaiting surgery, even after adjustment for age, income, education and physical activity. Our findings raise the possibility that the coexistence of dynapaenic abdominal obesity with cancer may have an additive or synergistic detrimental effect on health outcomes. As QoL is associated with health outcomes in breast cancer, early clinical assessment of muscle strength, fat distribution, and nutritional status may help identify patients with greater vulnerability and support more comprehensive care strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":16628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity","volume":"2026 1","pages":"e4826660"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13676304/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149216510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transforming Obesity Care With Digital Therapeutics: Mobile Health Apps, Clinical Evidence, and Regulatory Considerations.","authors":"Mayuri, Bidisha Bhattacharya, Kunal Kar, Pravin Pawar, Inderbir Singh, Tanikan Sangnim, Kampanart Huanbutta","doi":"10.1155/jobe/9482093","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jobe/9482093","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obesity remains a complex global public health crisis driven by environmental, biochemical, and behavioral factors, leading to severe metabolic comorbidities. Digital therapeutics (DTx) has emerged as a scalable, data-driven intervention, utilizing wearable sensors, mobile applications, and artificial intelligence (AI) to deliver personalized weight-management strategies. Rather than relying solely on traditional approaches, true DTx distinguishes it through rigorous clinical validation and targeted behavioral modification. Current evidence from clinical trials and real-world data indicates that while DTx effectively enhances patient engagement and promotes short-term behavioral change, sustaining long-term adherence and significant weight loss remains a critical challenge. Furthermore, the integration of AI models offers advanced personalization, though their efficacy must be balanced against potential algorithmic biases and traditional statistical approaches. Successful implementation of DTx into standard obesity care requires overcoming substantial barriers, particularly digital divide, data privacy concerns, and fragmented regulatory frameworks. Ultimately, realizing the full potential of DTx necessitates collaborative efforts to establish standardized regulations, ensure equitable access, and design evidence-based interventions that prioritize long-term patient engagement and clinical efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":16628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity","volume":"2026 1","pages":"e9482093"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13679765/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149224385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiotic Use in the First 2 Years of Life Is Related to Longitudinal BMI Trajectories From 0 to 18 years: A Prospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Jules J Sing, Claire Gallagher, Xin Dai, N Sabrina Idrose, Catherine M Bennett, Michael J Abramson, Shyamali C Dharmage, Bircan Erbas, Caroline J Lodge","doi":"10.1155/jobe/9981660","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jobe/9981660","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objective: </strong>Antibiotic exposure by 2 years is linked to increased childhood overweight/obesity risk, mainly in cross-sectional studies. Few longitudinal studies exist in high-risk populations, and none examined BMI trajectories up to 18 years. Our study is the first to investigate the association between early antibiotic exposure and BMI trajectories in a high allergy-risk cohort.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analysed data from 428 participants in the Melbourne Atopy Cohort Study from birth to 18 years. Antibiotic use < 2 years was categorized as \"ever versus never\" and according to seven antibiotic classes. Number of courses (7 days) and the spectrum of antibiotics (broad versus narrow) were defined for each antibiotic class. Logistic regression models estimated associations between antibiotic use (any/specific), courses (0, 1, 2, and ≥ 3), and previously defined BMI trajectories from 4 weeks to 18 years: very low catch-up, low average, stable average (reference), average increasing to very high (AIVH), and persistently high (PH).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found consistent evidence of a relationship between antibiotic exposure by 2 years and increased risk of belonging to AIVH and PH trajectories, with magnitudes of effect differing by antibiotic spectrum and frequency. Notably, exposure to ≥ 3 courses of broad-spectrum antibiotic was associated with the AIVH (aOR = 3.36 [95% CI: 1.03, 10.87]) and PH trajectories (aOR = 3.29 [95% CI: 1.03, 10.53]).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings may have important clinical implications, but further large-scale studies are required.</p>","PeriodicalId":16628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity","volume":"2026 1","pages":"e9981660"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13192243/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147982301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Overweight, Obesity, and Abdominal Obesity and Their Associated Factors in Duhok City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Nawfal R Hussein, Dildar H Musa, Halder J Abozait, Hiwa F Abdulraheem, Delovan S Mahfodh, Waleed M Mohammed, Halat S Majed, Ibrahim A Naqid","doi":"10.1155/jobe/5599283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jobe/5599283","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Obesity has become a global health epidemic, contributing significantly to numerous chronic diseases, including metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and certain cancers. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and abdominal obesity and the associated factors in Duhok City, Kurdistan Region of Iraq.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Duhok City, Iraq, including 490 participants aged 18 years and older. A multistage sampling technique was used, and data were collected via structured questionnaires covering sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Anthropometric measurements were used to classify participants according to their body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall prevalence of overweight, obesity, and abdominal obesity was 38.4%, 24.3%, and 72.9%, respectively. Factors significantly associated with overweight in multivariate logistic regression included age group 30-44 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.356, p = 0.018), married individuals (aOR: 2.040, p = 0.038), and smokers (aOR: 0.562, p = 0.045). Obesity was associated with age group 30-44 (aOR: 2.769, p = 0.030) and age group 45-59 (aOR: 5.384, p = 0.002). Abdominal obesity was significantly associated with gender, where males had lower odds compared to females (aOR: 0.248, p = <0.001), age group 30-44 (aOR: 2.630, p = 0.011), age group 45-59 (aOR: 4.793, p = 0.002), married individuals (aOR: 3.313, p = 0.001), and sleep disturbance (aOR: 1.790, p = 0.025).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings indicate a high prevalence of overweight, obesity, and abdominal obesity in Duhok City, with various associated factors. Public health initiatives targeting these associated factors are essential to address the growing obesity epidemic in the region. Further studies with broader geographic coverage and larger sample sizes are needed to reinforce these results and inform policy interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":16628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity","volume":"2026 1","pages":"e5599283"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13626143/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149110975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anthropometric and Metabolic Traits Across Ancestries in the UK Biobank.","authors":"Delnaz Roshandel, Andrew D Paterson, Satya Dash","doi":"10.1155/jobe/5149353","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jobe/5149353","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Increased waist-hip ratio (WHR) increases free fatty acid (FFA) flux, contributing to dysglycemia and dyslipidemia in Europeans. We examined these phenomena in non-Europeans, a group with higher prevalence of metabolic disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We undertook sex-stratified analyses of WHR, body composition, HbA1c, lipids and total FFA in people without diabetes (Males: 153,613, Females: 193,574) of European (E, N = 333,465), African (A, N = 2040), African American (AA, N = 2808), South Asian (SA, N = 5121), East Asian (EA, N = 1374), Asian-Pacific Islander (API, N = 570) and Latin American 1 (LA-1, Puerto Rican and Dominican, N = 1400) and Latin American 2 (LA-2, Mexican and Mexican American, N = 409) ancestry as defined by genetic data in the UK Biobank. Sex-matched Es were the comparator group for all analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After adjustment for WHR, socioeconomic status, smoking, alcohol use, physical activity and menopause status in females, all groups except LA-2 males had significantly higher HbA1c (p < 2E - 3). Increased FFA and dyslipidemia was only seen in EA and API males but not females. SA males and females had dyslipidemia with no increase in FFA. A and AA males and females had lower FFA and improved lipids, while no significant differences were seen in lipid parameters amongst LA-1 males and females and LA-2 females compared to Es.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Dysglycemia is seen in most non-E ancestries after adjustment for WHR and does not always associate with increased FFA and dyslipidemia. This indicates that factors beyond body composition and lipid flux may contribute to metabolic disease in non-Es.</p>","PeriodicalId":16628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity","volume":"2026 1","pages":"e5149353"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13387133/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148536153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}