Journal of Obesity最新文献

{"title":"Gestational Early-Time Restricted Feeding Results in Sex-Specific Glucose Intolerance in Adult Male Mice.","authors":"Molly C Mulcahy, Noura El Habbal, Detrick Snyder, JeAnna R Redd, Haijing Sun, Brigid E Gregg, Dave Bridges","doi":"10.1155/2023/6666613","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/6666613","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The timing of food intake is a novel dietary component that impacts health. Time-restricted feeding (TRF), a form of intermittent fasting, manipulates food timing. The timing of eating may be an important factor to consider during critical periods, such as pregnancy. Nutrition during pregnancy, too, can have a lasting impact on offspring health. The timing of food intake has not been thoroughly investigated in models of pregnancy, despite evidence that interest in the practice exists. Therefore, using a mouse model, we tested body composition and glycemic health of gestational early TRF (eTRF) in male and female offspring from weaning to adulthood on a chow diet and after a high-fat, high-sucrose (HFHS) diet challenge. Body composition was similar between groups in both sexes from weaning to adulthood, with minor increases in food intake in eTRF females and slightly improved glucose tolerance in males while on a chow diet. However, after 10 weeks of HFHS, male eTRF offspring developed glucose intolerance. Further studies should assess the susceptibility of males, and apparent resilience of females, to gestational eTRF and assess mechanisms underlying these changes in adult males.</p>","PeriodicalId":16628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity","volume":"2023 ","pages":"6666613"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10558268/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41124266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin D Concentration Changes after Bariatric Surgery.","authors":"Vanessa Mayana Alves Baad,&nbsp;Narriane Chaves Pereira de Holanda,&nbsp;Juliana Fonseca Nogueira Alves,&nbsp;Francisco Bandeira,&nbsp;Ana Célia Oliveira Dos Santos,&nbsp;Amanda Alves Marcelino da Silva,&nbsp;Taisy Cinthia Ferro Cavalcante","doi":"10.1155/2023/4828052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/4828052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Bariatric surgery causes physiological and anatomical changes in the gastrointestinal tract that interfere with intestinal absorption and, consequently, with the nutritional status, especially about vitamin D. The aim of the study was to evaluate the vitamin D levels and body composition of these patients in the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) types of surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The retrospective cohort study included a population of 120 patients aged between 18 and 65 years, with class II or III obesity, undergoing bariatric surgery procedures (VSG or RYGB-type). Data were collected on the degree of obesity, age, average time since surgery, and gender. The individuals underwent a complete physical examination, measuring blood pressure, weight, height, waist, and neck circumference. In addition to calculating the percentage of loss of body weight and assessing body fat, the food frequency and physical activity of these patients were evaluated. Blood was collected, and the insulin variables, hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a significant difference between groups only for PTH, total BMD, and insulin variables. A significant intragroup difference was found in the variables' body mass index (BMI) and vitamin D for the vertical sleeve gastrectomy group and BMI for the RYGB group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The analysis between the groups of procedures, similarity in body composition and postsurgical vitamin D levels, with significant differences only for PTH, BMD, and insulin variables, demonstrates that both procedures are effective in reducing fat mass.</p>","PeriodicalId":16628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity","volume":"2023 ","pages":"4828052"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10533296/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41179177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Delay Discounting and the Income-Food Insecurity-Obesity Paradox in Mothers.","authors":"Leonard H Epstein, Ashfique Rizwan, Rocco A Paluch, Jennifer L Temple","doi":"10.1155/2023/8898498","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/8898498","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Food insecurity, defined as unpredictable access to food that may not meet a person's nutritional needs, is paradoxically associated with higher BMI (kg/m²) and obesity. Research has shown delay discounting, a behavioral economic measure of the preference for immediate rather than delayed rewards, is related to higher BMI, and moderates the relationship between income and food insecurity. Based on this research, we used regression models to test whether delay discounting, consideration of future consequences, and perceived stress were atemporal mediators of the food insecurity-BMI relation in 313 mothers, controlling for demographic variables. A secondary aim was to replicate the finding that delay discounting moderates the relationship between low income and high food insecurity. Results showed that low income was associated with higher food insecurity, and higher food insecurity was associated with higher BMI. Delay discounting was the only variable that was indirectly related to both paths of the food-insecurity-BMI relation. Delay discounting accounted for 22.2% of the variance in the low-income-food insecurity-obesity relation, and the total model accounted for 38.0% of the variance. The relation between low income and food insecurity was moderated by delay discounting. These data suggest that delay discounting is a potential mediator of the relationship between food insecurity and high BMI, which suggests reducing discounting in the future could be a novel target to reduce food insecurity and help people with food insecurity to reduce their excess body weight. Trial Registration. This trial is registered with NCT02873715.</p>","PeriodicalId":16628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity","volume":"2023 ","pages":"8898498"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10522429/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41133710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Food Environments on Obesity Rates: A State-Level Analysis.","authors":"Elizabeth Cerceo,&nbsp;Elena Sharma,&nbsp;Anne Boguslavsky,&nbsp;Jean-Sebastien Rachoin","doi":"10.1155/2023/5052613","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/5052613","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Limited access to healthy food in areas that are predominantly food deserts or food swamps may be associated with obesity. Other unhealthy behaviors may also be associated with obesity and poor food environments.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We calculated Modified Retail Food Environment Index (mRFEI) to assess food retailers. Using data collected from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey, the NJ Department of Health (NJDOH), and the US Census Bureau, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the interaction of obesity with the food environment and assessed smoking, leisure-time physical activity (LPA), and poor sleep.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 17.9% food deserts and 9.3% food swamps in NJ. There was a statistically significant negative correlation between mRFEI and obesity rate (Pearson's <i>r</i> -0.13, <i>p</i> < 0.001), suggesting that lack of access to healthy food is associated with obesity. Regression analysis was significantly and independently associated with increased obesity prevalence (adjusted <i>R</i> square 0.74 and <i>p</i>=0.008). Obesity correlated positively with unhealthy behaviors. Each unhealthy behavior was negatively correlated with mRFEI. The mean prevalence for smoking, LPA, and sleep <7 hours was 15.4 (12.5-18.6), 26.5 (22.5-32.3), and 37.3 (34.9-40.4), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Obesity tracks with food deserts and especially food swamps. It is also correlated with other unhealthy behaviors (smoking, LPA, and poor sleep).</p>","PeriodicalId":16628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity","volume":"2023 ","pages":"5052613"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10546892/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41105956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unpredictable Malnutrition and Short-Term Outcomes after Single Anastomosis Sleeve Ileal (SASI) Bypass in Obese Patients.","authors":"Ayman Kamal, Mahmoud El Azawy, Tarik A A Hassan","doi":"10.1155/2023/5582940","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/5582940","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this study is to present the clinical outcomes of SASI bypass as a treatment alternative for patients with morbid obesity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was a prospective follow-up of morbidly obese patients who underwent SASI bypass at Helwan University Hospital between March 1, 2019, and March 2020. The surgical procedure involved sleeve gastrectomy, followed by the anastomosis of the ileum, which was brought and hand-sewn 4 cm length side to side with the antrum, at a distance of 250 cm from the ileocecal valve. The data collected for the study included the resolution of comorbidities, incidence of gallstones, and one-year morbidity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of the studied patients (<i>n</i> = 30) was 44.13 ± 8.9 years. The mean BMI of the studied patients was 47.3 ± 7.6 kg/ht². All patients were morbidly obese for an average of 24 years. Postoperatively, 48% of the patients (<i>n</i> = 13) developed gallstones (GS), and the formation of GS was significantly higher in patients with longer durations of obesity (<i>P</i> = 0.009) and rapid weight loss. There was a significant decrease in the incidence of GS after 12 months postoperatively (<i>P</i> < 0.05). 63% of the patients (<i>n</i> = 19) had malnutrition, and 15 cases required revision due to the fear of further weight loss. Revision and malnutrition were significantly higher among male patients than female patients and among patients with longer durations of obesity (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The SASI bypass may be an effective bariatric and metabolic surgery that can achieve satisfactory weight loss and improvement in medical comorbidities. However, our study highlights the potential risks of severe malnutrition and unpredictable weight loss; patient selection and duration of obesity may play a role in mitigating these risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":16628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity","volume":"1 1","pages":"5582940"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11401683/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48262458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brief Communication: Histological Assessment of Nonhuman Primate Brown Adipose Tissue Highlights the Importance of Sympathetic Innervation.","authors":"Abigail G Williams, Masha Long, Kylie Kavanagh","doi":"10.1155/2023/5651084","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/5651084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study was to functionally analyze the correlation of key histological features in brown adipose tissue (BAT) with clinical metabolic traits in nonhuman primates.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Axillary adipose tissue biopsies were collected from a metabolically diverse nonhuman primate cohort with clinical metabolism-related data. Expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31), cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 (COX IV), beta-3 adrenergic receptor (<i>β</i>3-AR), and adipose cell size were quantified by immunohistochemical analysis. Computed tomography scans were performed to assess body composition.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Tyrosine hydroxylase was negatively correlated with whole body fat mass as a percentage of body weight (<i>p</i> = 0.004) and was positively correlated with the density of UCP1 (<i>p</i> = 0.02), COX IV (<i>p</i> = 0.006), CD31 (<i>p</i> = 0.007), and cell density (<i>p</i> = 0.02) of the BAT samples. Beta-3 adrenergic receptor abundance had a weak positive correlation with COX IV (<i>p</i> = 0.04) in BAT but did not significantly correlate to UCP1 or TH expression in BAT.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings highlight that there is a disparity in innervation provided to BAT based on body composition, as seen with the negative association between TH, a marker for innervation, and adiposity. These findings also support the importance of innervation in the functionality of BAT, as TH abundance not only supports leaner body composition but is also positively correlated with known structural elements in BAT (UCP1, COX IV, CD31, and cell density). Based on our observations, <i>β</i>3-AR abundance does not strongly drive these structural elements or TH, all of which are known to be important in the function of brown adipose tissue. In effect, while the role of other receptors, such as <i>β</i>2-AR, should be reviewed in BAT function, these results support the development of safe sympathetic nervous system stimulants to activate brown adipose tissue for obesity treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":16628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity","volume":"2023 ","pages":"5651084"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9879676/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10136018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>In Vitro</i> Insulin Resistance Model: A Recent Update.","authors":"Ratih D Yudhani,&nbsp;Yulia Sari,&nbsp;Dwi A A Nugrahaningsih,&nbsp;Eti N Sholikhah,&nbsp;Maftuchah Rochmanti,&nbsp;Abdul K R Purba,&nbsp;Husnul Khotimah,&nbsp;Dian Nugrahenny,&nbsp;Mustofa Mustofa","doi":"10.1155/2023/1964732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/1964732","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Insulin resistance, which affects insulin-sensitive tissues, including adipose tissues, skeletal muscle, and the liver, is the central pathophysiological mechanism underlying type 2 diabetes progression. Decreased glucose uptake in insulin-sensitive tissues disrupts insulin signaling pathways, particularly the PI3K/Akt pathway. An <i>in vitro</i> model is appropriate for studying the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying insulin resistance because it is easy to maintain and the results can be easily reproduced. The application of cell-based models for exploring the pathogenesis of diabetes and insulin resistance as well as for developing drugs for these conditions is well known. However, a comprehensive review of <i>in vitro</i> insulin resistance models is lacking. Therefore, this review was conducted to provide a comprehensive overview and summary of the latest <i>in vitro</i> insulin resistance models, particularly 3T3-L1 (preadipocyte), C2C12 (skeletal muscle), and HepG2 (liver) cell lines induced with palmitic acid, high glucose, or chronic exposure to insulin.</p>","PeriodicalId":16628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity","volume":"2023 ","pages":"1964732"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9876677/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9079785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association between Unhealthy Food Consumption and Impaired Glucose Metabolism among Adults with Overweight or Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Indonesian Population.","authors":"Adriyan Pramono,&nbsp;Deny Y Fitranti,&nbsp;K Heri Nugroho,&nbsp;M Ali Sobirin,&nbsp;Ahmad Syauqy","doi":"10.1155/2023/2885769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/2885769","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>It has been shown that dietary patterns are associated with glucose control. However, the association between the types of food consumed and blood glucose in overweight or obese individuals is still unclear. The present study aimed to determine the association between unhealthy food consumption and impaired glucose metabolism in adults with overweight or obesity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The analysis presented in this study was based on the data from a population-based, cross-sectional, nationally representative survey (Indonesian Basic Health Research 2018/RISKESDAS 2018). The body mass index (BMI) was calculated as weight (kg)/height squared (m²) and was determined based on the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria for the Asian population. A validated questionnaire and food card were used to assess the diet. Fasting plasma glucose and 2-hpost-prandial glucose were employed to determine blood glucose markers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 8752 adults with overweight or obesity were included in this analysis. We found that consumption of sweet, grilled, and processed foods was associated with impaired fasting plasma glucose (IFG) before and after adjustment (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Consumption of high-fat foods was also associated with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) for all models tested (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Furthermore, all models showed a link between processed food consumption and combined glucose intolerance (CGI) (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Differential food group consumption was associated with IFG, IGT, and CGI in Indonesian adults who were overweight or obese.</p>","PeriodicalId":16628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity","volume":"2023 ","pages":"2885769"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10060072/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9675700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Assessment of Dyslipidemias, Hyperglycemia, Hyperuricemia, and Hypertension Utilizing Self-Reported Body Silhouettes.","authors":"Ruben Blachman-Braun,&nbsp;Juan O Talavera,&nbsp;Marcela Pérez-Rodríguez,&nbsp;Ivonne Roy-García,&nbsp;Rodolfo Rivas-Ruiz,&nbsp;Gerardo Huitrón-Bravo,&nbsp;Jorge Salmerón","doi":"10.1155/2023/4991684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/4991684","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Self-reported body silhouette is an anthropometric instrument that has been utilized as a screening tool for underweight, overweight, obesity, and other abnormal anthropometric variables. Herein, we analyzed the risk associated with the self-reported body silhouette in the scope of dyslipidemias, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, and hypertension.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adult participants of the Health Workers Cohort Study enrolled between March 2004 and April 2006 were included. Then, risk analysis was performed considering dyslipidemias as serum triglycerides, high total cholesterol, high LDL-C, low HDL-C, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, and hypertension.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 2,297 males and 5,003 females were analyzed. The median ages of the studied population was 39 (30-49) and 41 (31-50) years for males and females, respectively. Overall, there is a stepwise increase in the risk of presenting dyslipidemias, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, and hypertension as the self-reported body silhouette number increases, this tendency was observed in both males and females.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Self-reported body silhouette is a useful risk assessment tool for dyslipidemias, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, and hypertension in Mexican adults. Applications of questioners containing this silhouette might be considered a valuable public health instrument due to their low cost, relative simplicity, and absence of specialized equipment, training, or respondent knowledge.</p>","PeriodicalId":16628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity","volume":"2023 ","pages":"4991684"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10072955/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9675712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Possible Nonneurological Health Benefits of Ketogenic Diet: Review of Scientific Reports over the Past Decade","authors":"Katarzyna Daria Gołąbek, B. Regulska-Ilow","doi":"10.1155/2022/7531518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7531518","url":null,"abstract":"The ketogenic diet (KD) has been used since the 1920s as a therapy for drug-resistant epilepsy. Due to the beneficial effects of this diet on the nervous system and the proposed multifaceted effects of ketones on health and disease, researchers have evaluated its use in other nonneurological conditions. The objective of this review was to analyze the most recent papers, which is why meta-analyses were used in which 75% of the studies were from 2012 to 2022. Authors also cited single studies from the last decade that lasted longer than 12 months to assess the long-term benefits of KD. Reports from the past decade have highlighted several significant areas regarding the impact of KD. One of these is the use of very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) as an effective possibly safe and patient-motivating component of a long-term weight loss plan. Reports on the positive influence of KD on the health of obese individuals, and the possible resulting validity of its use, should be verified by patients' physical activity levels. A significant number of studies from the last decade evaluate the effect of KD on improving the health of individuals with type 2 diabetes as an effective tool in lowering glycated hemoglobin (Hb1Ac) and required doses of hypoglycemic drugs. The long-term studies indicate a possible beneficial effect of KD on cardiovascular function due to improvement lipid profile, changes in apolipoprotein (Apo) A1, adiponectin, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1).","PeriodicalId":16628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45989254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}