Journal of Obesity最新文献

{"title":"Elevated Serum TNF-<i>α</i> Is Related to Obesity in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Is Associated with Glycemic Control and Insulin Resistance.","authors":"Hana Alzamil","doi":"10.1155/2020/5076858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/5076858","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Diabetes and obesity are very common associated metabolic disorders that are linked to chronic inflammation. Leptin is one of the important adipokines released from adipocytes, and its level increases with increasing body mass index (BMI). Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-&lt;i&gt;α&lt;/i&gt;) is a cytokine that is released by adipocytes and inflammatory cells in response to chronic inflammation. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is believed to be associated with low-grade chronic inflammation. The current study aims to investigate the involvement of leptin and TNF-&lt;i&gt;α&lt;/i&gt;) is a cytokine that is released by adipocytes and inflammatory cells in response to chronic inflammation. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is believed to be associated with low-grade chronic inflammation. The current study aims to investigate the involvement of leptin and TNF-&lt;i&gt;Methodology&lt;/i&gt;. This is a cross-sectional study involving 63 healthy volunteers and 65 patients with T2DM. Body composition was measured, and fasting venous blood samples were analyzed for blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), basal insulin, leptin, and TNF-&lt;i&gt;α&lt;/i&gt;) is a cytokine that is released by adipocytes and inflammatory cells in response to chronic inflammation. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is believed to be associated with low-grade chronic inflammation. The current study aims to investigate the involvement of leptin and TNF-&lt;i&gt;α&lt;/i&gt;) is a cytokine that is released by adipocytes and inflammatory cells in response to chronic inflammation. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is believed to be associated with low-grade chronic inflammation. The current study aims to investigate the involvement of leptin and TNF.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Our study showed a significantly higher level of TNF-&lt;i&gt;α&lt;/i&gt;) is a cytokine that is released by adipocytes and inflammatory cells in response to chronic inflammation. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is believed to be associated with low-grade chronic inflammation. The current study aims to investigate the involvement of leptin and TNF-&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;=0.008). In obese diabetic patients, the serum level of TNF-&lt;i&gt;α&lt;/i&gt;) is a cytokine that is released by adipocytes and inflammatory cells in response to chronic inflammation. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is believed to be associated with low-grade chronic inflammation. The current study aims to investigate the involvement of leptin and TNF-&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;=0.008). In obese diabetic patients, the serum level of TNF-&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;=0.008). In obese diabetic patients, the serum level of TNF-&lt;i&gt;α&lt;/i&gt;) is a cytokine that is released by adipocytes and inflammatory cells in response to chronic inflammation. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is believed to be associated with low-grade chronic inflammation. The current study aims to investigate the involvement of leptin and TNF-&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt; = 0.361, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;=0.008). In obese diabetic patients, the serum level of TNF-&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt; = 0.361, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;=0.008). In obese diabetic","PeriodicalId":16628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity","volume":"2020 ","pages":"5076858"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/5076858","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37670569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of JumpstartMD, a Commercial Low-Calorie Low-Carbohydrate Physician-Supervised Weight Loss Program, on 22,407 Adults.","authors":"Sean Bourke,&nbsp;John Magaña Morton,&nbsp;Paul Williams","doi":"10.1155/2020/8026016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8026016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Commercial weight loss programs provide valuable consumer options for those desiring support. Several commercial programs are reported to produce ≥3-fold greater weight loss than self-directed dieting. The effectiveness of JumpstartMD, a commercial pay-as-you-go program that emphasizes a low-to-very-low-carbohydrate real-food diet and optional pharmacologic treatment without prepackaged meals or meal replacement, has not previously been described.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Completer and last observation carried forward (LOCF) of clinic-measured weight loss (kg) in 18,769 female and 3638 male JumpstartMD participants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Completers lost (mean ± SE) 8.7 ± 0.04 kg, 9.5 ± 0.04% with 44.5 ± 0.5% achieving ≥10% weight loss at 3 months (mo, <i>N</i> = 14,999 completers); 11.8 ± 0.1 kg, 12.6 ± 0.1% with 66.4 ± 0.6% achieving ≥10% weight loss at 6 mo (<i>N</i> = 11,805); and 11.5 ± 0.2 kg, 12.0 ± 0.2% with 57.6 ± 0.9% achieving ≥10% weight loss at 12 mo (<i>N</i> = 8514). LOCF estimates were -6.5 ± 0.03 kg, -7.2 ± 0.03% with 27.1 ± 0.3% achieving ≥10% weight loss at 3 mo; -7.7 ± 0.04 kg, -8.5 ± 0.04% with 36.3 ± 0.3% achieving ≥10% weight loss at 6 mo; and -7.7 ± 0.1 kg, -8.4 ± 0.1% with 34.6 ± 0.3% achieving ≥10% weight loss after 12 mo. Frequent health coach meetings was a major determinant of weight loss, with women and men attending ≥75% of their weekly appointments losing 8.8 ± 0.04 and 11.9 ± 0.1 kg, respectively, after 3 mo, 13.1 ± 0.1 and 16.5 ± 0.3 kg after 6 mo, and 16.5 ± 0.3 and 19.4 ± 0.8 kg after 12 mo. Phentermine and phendimetrazine had a minor effect in women only at 1 (6.1% greater weight loss than untreated), 2 (4.1%), and 3 mo (1.2%), but treated patients showed longer enrollment than nontreated during the first 3 (females: +0.4 ± 0.01; males: +0.3 ± 0.04 mo), 6 (females: +1.1 ± 0.04; males: +1.0 ± 0.1 mo), and 12 mo (females: +2.7 ± 0.1; males: +2.4 ± 0.2 mo). JumpstartMD produced generally greater weight loss than published reports for other real-food and prepackaged-meal commercial programs and somewhat greater or comparable losses to meal replacement diets.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A one-on-one medically supervised program that emphasized real low-carbohydrate foods produced effective weight loss, particularly in those attending ≥75% of their weekly appointments.</p>","PeriodicalId":16628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity","volume":"2020 ","pages":"8026016"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/8026016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37857277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linkage between Neighborhood Social Cohesion and BMI of South Asians in the Masala Study.","authors":"Gagandeep Gill,&nbsp;Nicola Lancki,&nbsp;Manjit Randhawa,&nbsp;Semran K Mann,&nbsp;Adam Arechiga,&nbsp;Robin D Smith,&nbsp;Samuel Soret,&nbsp;Alka M Kanaya,&nbsp;Namratha Kandula","doi":"10.1155/2020/7937530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/7937530","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Introduction</i>. South Asians in the United States have a high prevalence of obesity and an elevated risk for cardiometabolic diseases. Yet, little is known about how aspects of neighborhood environment influence cardiometabolic risk factors such as body mass index (BMI) in this rapidly growing population. We aimed to investigate the association between perceived neighborhood social cohesion and BMI among South Asians.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We utilized cross-sectional data from the MASALA study, a prospective community-based cohort of 906 South Asian men and women from the San Francisco Bay area and the greater Chicago area. Multivariable linear regression models, stratified by sex, were used to examine the association between perceived level of neighborhood social cohesion and individual BMI after adjusting for sociodemographics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants were 54% male, with an average age of 55 years, 88% had at least a bachelor's degree, and the average BMI was 26.0 kg/m². South Asian women living in neighborhoods with the lowest social cohesion had a significantly higher BMI than women living in neighborhoods with the highest cohesion (<i>β</i> coefficient = 1.48, 95% CI 0.46-2.51, <i>p</i>=0.02); however, the association was not statistically significant after adjusting for sociodemographic factors (<i>β</i> coefficient = 1.48, 95% CI 0.46-2.51, <i>p</i>=0.02); however, the association was not statistically significant after adjusting for sociodemographic factors (.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Perceived neighborhood social cohesion was not significantly associated with BMI among South Asians in our study sample. Further research is recommended to explore whether other neighborhood characteristics may be associated with BMI and other health outcomes in South Asians and the mechanisms through which neighborhood may influence health.</p>","PeriodicalId":16628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity","volume":"2020 ","pages":"7937530"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/7937530","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37592899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sociodemographic and Lifestyle Factors in relation to Overweight Defined by BMI and \"Normal-Weight Obesity\".","authors":"Bodil Ohlsson,&nbsp;Jonas Manjer","doi":"10.1155/2020/2070297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/2070297","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sociodemographic factors and lifestyle habits affect body weight and body composition. A new syndrome, called normal-weight obesity (NWO), is found in individuals with normal weight and excess body fat in contrast to lean and overweight individuals. The aim of the present study was to explore the associations between sociodemographic factors and smoking and alcohol habits and lower versus higher BMI (≥25 kg/m²) and to examine whether categorization into lean, NWO, and overweight leads to further information about sociodemographic and lifestyle associations, compared with the common categorization defined by BMI. A cohort of 17,724 participants (9,936 females, 56.1%) from the EpiHealth study, with a median age of 61 (53-67) years, was examined. The participants answered a questionnaire about lifestyle, and weight and fat percentage were measured. Associations between sociodemographic factors and lifestyle habits and lower versus higher BMI, and lean versus NWO or lean and NWO versus overweight were calculated by binary logistic regression. Male sex, age, sick leave/disability, married/cohabitating, divorced/widowed, former smoking, and a high alcohol consumption were associated with higher BMI, whereas higher education and frequent alcohol consumption were inversely associated (all <i>p</i> < 0.001). The associations were similar to associations with lean versus overweight and NWO versus overweight, except for age in the latter case. Associations with lean versus NWO differed from those of lower versus higher BMI, with an association with retirement, an inverse association with male sex (OR, 0.664; 95% confidence interval, 0.591-0.746), and no associations with marital status, smoking, and alcohol consumption frequency. Associations with age and occupation were sex dependent, in contrast to other variables examined. Thus, sociodemographic and lifestyle habits showed similar associations with lower versus higher BMI as with lean and NWO versus overweight, whereas lean versus NWO showed different directions of associations regarding sex, marital status, occupation, smoking, and frequency of alcohol consumption.</p>","PeriodicalId":16628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity","volume":"2020 ","pages":"2070297"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/2070297","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37592898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maximum Phonation Time in People with Obesity Not Submitted or Submitted to Bariatric Surgery.","authors":"Ana Luara Ferreura Fonseca,&nbsp;Wilson Salgado,&nbsp;Roberto Oliveira Dantas","doi":"10.1155/2019/5903621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/5903621","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Our aim in this investigation was to evaluate maximum phonation time in people with obesity not submitted to surgery and in people with obesity submitted to bariatric surgery and compare it with maximum phonation time of healthy volunteers. The hypothesis was that the reduced maximum phonation time in people with obesity would be corrected after surgery due to weight loss.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Maximum phonation time was evaluated in 52 class III patients (Group A), 62 class III patients who were treated by surgery 3 to 115 months before (Group B), 20 controls (Group C), and 15 class III patients whose maximum phonation time was evaluated before and two to six months after surgery (Group D). Maximum phonation time was measured in the sitting position with the vowels /A/, /I/, and /U/.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Maximal phonation time was shorter in groups A and B compared with that of controls. There was an increase in maximal phonation time after surgery (Group B); however, the difference was not significant when compared with that in group A. In group D, maximal phonation time for /A/ increased after the surgery. In group A, there was a negative correlation between maximal phonation time and weight or body mass index and a positive correlation between maximal phonation time and height. In group B, there was an almost significant positive relation between percentage of weight loss and maximal phonation time for /A/ (<i>p</i>=0.08) and /I/ (<i>p</i>=0.07). Mean values of spirometry testing (FEV₁, FVC, and FEV₁/FVC) in people with obesity (groups A and B), expressed as percentage of the predicted value, were within the normal range.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Compared with healthy controls, maximal phonation time is shorter in people with obesity, with a tendency to increase after bariatric surgery, as a possible consequence of weight loss.</p>","PeriodicalId":16628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity","volume":"2019 ","pages":"5903621"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2019-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2019/5903621","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37574575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Total and Compartmental Chest Wall Volumes, Lung Function, and Respiratory Muscle Strength in Individuals with Abdominal Obesity: Effects of Body Positions.","authors":"Rattanaporn Sonpeayung, Anong Tantisuwat, Prawit Janwantanakul, Premtip Thaveeratitham","doi":"10.1155/2019/9539846","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2019/9539846","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Abdominal obesity is a chronic condition that can contribute to impairments in lung function, leading to increased risks for respiratory-related diseases. Body position is an important technique that effectively restores and increases lung function and chest wall volumes. The objective of the current study was to examine the effects of the body positions on total and compartmental chest wall volumes, lung function, and respiratory muscle strength in individuals with and without abdominal obesity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty obesity and twenty healthy males performed in four body position including sitting without and with back support, Fowler's, and supine positions. Each position was performed for five minutes. Chest wall volumes, lung function, and respiratory muscle strength were assessed in each position.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sitting without and with back support resulted in higher total and rib cage compartmental chest wall volumes, lung function, and inspiratory muscle strength than Fowler's and supine positions in both groups (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Abdominal obesity subjects had significantly less total and compartmental chest wall volumes and lung function across four body positions than healthy subjects (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Respiratory muscle strength in the obesity group was less than that in the healthy control group (<i>p</i> > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides new information regarding the effect of obesity and body position on chest wall volumes, lung function, and respiratory muscle strength. Among obesity individuals who are bedridden, sitting increases lung function, total and rib cage compartmental chest wall volumes, and inspiratory muscle strength-and would therefore likely to decrease the risk of respiratory-related disease-relative to Fowler's and supine positions.</p>","PeriodicalId":16628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity","volume":"2019 ","pages":"9539846"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2019-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6942872/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37540614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Parent Stressors on Adolescent Obesity in African American Youth.","authors":"Lauren Allport, MinKyoung Song, Cindy W Leung, Kellye C McGlumphy, Rebecca E Hasson","doi":"10.1155/2019/1316765","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2019/1316765","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between individual parent stressors (financial, legal, career, relationships, home safety, community safety, medical, housing, authority, and prejudice) and adolescent obesity in African American adolescents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were from a cross section convenience sample of 273 African American parent-child dyads (ages 11-19) from Washtenaw County, Michigan. A subset of 122 dyads who completed parent and child questionnaires were included in this analysis. Parent stressors were assessed using the Crisis in Family Systems Revised (CRISYS-R) questionnaire. Height, weight, and waist circumference were measured by trained staff; height and weight were converted to BMI. Multivariate linear regression models were used to examine the relationships between individual parent stressors and adolescent BMI and waist circumference.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Parental exposure to stressors related to safety in the community was positively associated with adolescent BMI (<i>β</i> = 1.20(0.47), <i>p</i>=0.01) and waist circumference (<i>β</i> = 2.86(1.18), <i>p</i>=0.02). Parental appraisal of stressors related to safety in the community as \"difficult to get through\" was positively associated with adolescent BMI (<i>β</i> <b>=</b> 0.39(0.14), <i>p</i>=0.006) and waist circumference (<i>β</i> = 1.00(0.35), <i>p</i>=0.005). These relationships remained significant when adjusting for behavioral and psychosocial covariates. There were no significant relationships observed between other parent stressors and adolescent BMI or waist circumference.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest parents' exposure and appraisal of stressors related to community safety are associated with increased adolescent obesity in African American youth. Longitudinal, larger-scale studies are needed to better understand the mechanisms by which community safety may increase obesity risk in this ethnic minority pediatric population. This trail is registered with NCT02938663.</p>","PeriodicalId":16628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity","volume":"2019 ","pages":"1316765"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6913272/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37486103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Step Recommendations on Body Composition and Physical Activity Patterns in College Freshman Women: A Randomized Trial.","authors":"Bruce W Bailey,&nbsp;Ciera L Bartholomew,&nbsp;Caleb Summerhays,&nbsp;Landon Deru,&nbsp;Sharla Compton,&nbsp;Larry A Tucker,&nbsp;James D LeCheminant,&nbsp;Joseph Hicks","doi":"10.1155/2019/4036825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/4036825","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Transitioning from high school to college generally results in reduced physical activity and weight gain at a rate that is higher than the general population. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of three progressively higher step recommendations over 24 weeks on changes in body weight and body composition.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ninety-two freshmen college women wore a multifunction pedometer for 24 weeks after being randomly assigned to a daily step level: 10,000, 12,500, or 15,000. Pedometer data were downloaded every two weeks and participants were counseled on meeting their step recommendation. Body weight and body composition were assessed at baseline and 24 weeks. Body composition was assessed by dual X-ray absorptiometry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>On average, women took 10,786 ± 1501, 12,650 ± 2001, and 13,762 ± 2098 steps per day for the 10,000-, 12,500-, and 15,000-step groups, respectively (<i>F</i> = 15.48, <i>P</i> < 0.0001). Participants gained 1.4 ± 2.6, 1.8 ± 2.1, and 1.4 ± 2.1 kg for the 10,000-, 12,500-, and 15,000-step groups, respectively (<i>F</i> = 37.74, <i>P</i> < 0.0001). Weight gain was not significantly different between groups (<i>F</i> = 0.18, <i>P</i>=0.8385). There was also no difference in fat weight gain (<i>F</i> = 0.41, <i>P</i>=0.7954).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>A step recommendation beyond 10,000 does not prevent weight or fat gain over the first year of college. Future research should focus on either intensity of physical activity or the addition of dietary interventions to prevent weight gain during the first year of college.</p>","PeriodicalId":16628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity","volume":"2019 ","pages":"4036825"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2019/4036825","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37498812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Change and Stability in Sibling Resemblance in Obesity Markers: The Portuguese Sibling Study on Growth, Fitness, Lifestyle, and Health.","authors":"Sara Pereira,&nbsp;Peter T Katzmarzyk,&nbsp;Donald Hedeker,&nbsp;José Maia","doi":"10.1155/2019/2432131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/2432131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Obesity markers evolve over time and these changes are shared within the family orbit and governed by individual and environmental characteristics. Available reports often lack an integrated approach, in contrast to a multilevel framework that considers their concurrent influence. Hence, this study aims to (1) describe mean changes in obesity markers (body fat (%BF), body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC)) across sib-ships; (2) analyze tracking of individuals within their sib-ship in these markers during 2 years of follow-up; (3) probe consistency in sibling resemblance in these markers; and (4) analyze the joint influence of individual and familial characteristics in these markers.</p><p><strong>Subjects/methods: </strong>The sample comprises 168 biological Portuguese siblings (brother-brother (BB), sister-sister (SS), and brother-sister (BS)) aged 9-17 years. %BF, BMI, and WC were measured using standardized protocols, and biological maturation was assessed. Physical activity, diet, screen time, and familial characteristics were obtained by questionnaires. Multilevel models were used to analyze the clustered longitudinal data. Sibling resemblance was estimated with the intraclass correlation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>On average, all sib types increased in BMI and WC over 2 years of follow-up, and SS pairs increased in %BF. Individuals within sib-ships track high in all obesity markers across time. Consistency in siblings' resemblance was also noted, except for BB pairs in %BF which decreased at follow-up. More maturing siblings tend to have higher values in all markers. Greater screen time was associated with higher %BF, whereas those consuming more sugary drinks had lower %BF and BMI values. Siblings whose mothers had less qualified occupations tended to have lower BMI values.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Longitudinal individual tracking and sibling resemblance for obesity markers were found. Yet, different trajectories were also identified depending on the marker and sib type. Individual and familial characteristics exert different influences on each obesity marker.</p>","PeriodicalId":16628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity","volume":"2019 ","pages":"2432131"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2019-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2019/2432131","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37449392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accuracy of Longitudinal Assessment of Visceral Adipose Tissue by Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry in Children with Obesity","authors":"K. Dias, Joyce S. Ramos, M. Wallen, P. Davies, P. Cain, G. Leong, C. Ingul, J. Coombes, S. Keating","doi":"10.1155/2019/2193723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/2193723","url":null,"abstract":"Background Increased visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is strongly associated with cardiometabolic risk factors. Accurate quantification of VAT is available through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which incurs a significant financial and time burden. We aimed to assess the accuracy of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry- (DXA-) derived VAT (DXA-VAT) against a gold standard MRI protocol (MRI-VAT) in children with normal weight and obesity cross-sectionally, and over the course of a lifestyle intervention. Methodology MRI-VAT and DXA-VAT were quantified in 61 children (30 normal weight and 31 with obesity) at baseline. Children with obesity entered a three-month exercise and/or nutrition intervention after which VAT was reassessed. MRI- and DXA-VAT cross-sectional area, volume, and mass were quantified, and associations were calculated at baseline (n = 61) and pre-post intervention (n = 28, 3 participants dropped out). Method agreement was assessed through Bland–Altman analysis, linear regression, and Passing–Bablok regression. Results At baseline, all DXA- and MRI-VAT outcomes were strongly associated (r = 0.90, P < 0.001). However, there were no significant associations between absolute or relative change in DXA- and MRI-VAT outcomes (r = 0.25–0.36, P > 0.05). DXA significantly overestimated VAT CSA (cross-sectional area), volume, and mass when compared with MRI (P < 0.001) at baseline. Significant proportional bias was observed for all DXA-VAT outcomes at baseline and for relative longitudinal changes in DXA-VAT. Conclusions Although DXA-VAT outcomes were strongly associated with MRI-VAT outcomes at baseline, estimates were subject to proportional bias in children with obesity and normal weight. DXA lacks validity for detecting changes in VAT among children with obesity. This trial is registered with NCT01991106.","PeriodicalId":16628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2019-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2019/2193723","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46102602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}