Journal of Obesity最新文献

{"title":"Could Obesity be a Triggering Factor for Endometrial Tubal Metaplasia to be a Precancerous Lesion?","authors":"Ayman M El-Saka,&nbsp;Yomna A Zamzam,&nbsp;Yosra A Zamzam,&nbsp;Ayman El-Dorf","doi":"10.1155/2020/2825905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/2825905","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background & aims: </strong>Endometrial tubal metaplasia (ETM) is mostly described in conjunction with unopposed estrogen levels, and its association with endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma (EC) is striking. Obesity is a risk factor for endometrial hyperplasia and EC development. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of BMI and serum estradiol level on expression of PAX-2, H-TERT, P16, Ki-67, and P53 in studied ETM in reference to benign endometrium and EC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was conducted on the following groups: group (1) consists of 57 cases that had endometrial biopsies with histologically demonstrable ETM (typical or atypical) and all were subjected to serum estradiol levelling and body mass index (BMI) evaluation; group (2) had adjacent benign endometrial tissue as control; group (3) consists of 52 cases of conventional endometrial carcinoma and 16 serous carcinoma paraffin blocks which were collected and reevaluated. All included groups were immunostained for PAX-2, H-TERT, p16, ki67, and p53.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The relation between BMI and serum estradiol level in group 1 and PAX-2, H-TERT, P16, and p53 was statistically significant, while their relation with atypia and ki67 expression was insignificant. Twenty-three ETM cases (40.4%) out of group 1 were all (100%) obese, 87% had high serum estradiol level, and 73.9% were postmenopausal and had a similar immunohistochemical profile as EC cases (group 3).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The presence of ETM regardless of the histologic atypia in obese postmenopausal patients with high serum estradiol level is an alarming sign. This implies that ETM might not be as benign as generally accepted, as under certain clinical conditions, it may turn into a potential premalignant lesion.</p>","PeriodicalId":16628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity","volume":"2020 ","pages":"2825905"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2020-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/2825905","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37842117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Body Weight, Obesity Perception, and Actions to Achieve Desired Weight among Rural and Urban Ghanaian Adults.","authors":"Nana Ama Frimpomaa Agyapong,&nbsp;Reginald Adjetey Annan,&nbsp;Charles Apprey,&nbsp;Linda Nana Esi Aduku","doi":"10.1155/2020/7103251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/7103251","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Accurate body weight perception is important to maintaining an ideal body weight. In Africa, a preference for a larger body size and its association with health and wellbeing has been well documented. It remains speculative if these perceptions have changed or improved and if differences exist among rural and urban dwellers. The main aim of this study was to assess the body weight and obesity perceptions among rural and urban Ghanaians.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study involved 565 participants. The Stunkard figure rating scale was used to assess the body weight perception of participants. Participants were to choose from the scale figures they perceived to represent their current body weight, desired body weight, ideal body weight, ideal look for a wealthy person, ideal look for a woman with children, and ideal look for a woman without children. Additionally, participants were asked to describe obesity and its threat to health in their terms. Responses of participants to the above questions are presented as frequencies. Differences between rural and urban participants as well as males and females with respect to the median figure chosen for each question were determined by Mann-Whitney <i>U</i> test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median age of participants was 40 (IQR 26). The prevalence of overweight and obesity observed among participants was 52.8%. The most frequently selected figure as current body image was figure 5 (23.5%). Figure 4 was most frequently chosen by both males (37.2%) and females (24.6%) as their desired body image (27.4%). Male participants (41.8%) chose figure 5 as ideal for their gender while females (27.4%) maintained figure 4 as ideal for their gender. Study participants associated overweight with wealth and childbirth, and attributed their current weights to hereditary (27%) and childbirth (27%). Most participants were not taking steps to achieve their desired body image, and only a few engaged in both dieting and exercise to lose weight. Majority of participants described obesity as the accumulation of fat (91.0%) and viewed it as a threat to health (91.0%). Differences were observed among rural and urban participants with regard to the figure chosen as ideal for a wealthy person.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Results from this study show an improvement in obesity perception and the acknowledgment of obesity as a threat to health. There was a desire for a normal-weight figure among study participants. Attribution of current body weight to hereditary and childbirth seems to be a hindrance to the implementation of actions to achieve this normal figure weight. Public health education, screening for overweight and obesity, creation of supportive food environments, and culture-sensitive interventions are promising to curbing the obesity menace.</p>","PeriodicalId":16628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity","volume":"2020 ","pages":"7103251"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2020-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/7103251","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37808693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Early Results of the Laparoscopic Mini-Gastric Bypass/One Anastomosis Gastric Bypass on Patients with Different Body Mass Index.","authors":"Mohsen Mahmoudieh,&nbsp;Behrouz Keleidari,&nbsp;Naser Afshin,&nbsp;Masoud Sayadi Shahraki,&nbsp;Shahab Shahabi Shahmiri,&nbsp;Erfan Sheikhbahaei,&nbsp;Hamid Melali","doi":"10.1155/2020/7572153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/7572153","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Introduction</i>. Obesity is among the newest health matters that human beings are struggling with. Length of bypassed intestine is important in achievement of most weight loss and least nutritional and absorptive disorders. This study has aimed to assess short-term metabolic and nutritional effects of laparoscopic mini-gastric bypass/one anastomosis gastric bypass (MGB/OAGB) with a loop bypass length of 180 centimeters (cm) and compare these factors among patients with a body mass index (BMI) of 40-45 and 45-50 kilograms per square meter (kg/m²).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>25 patients were put in group 1 (BMI = 40-45 kg/m²) and 25 patients in group 2 (BMI = 45-50 kg/m²). Patients' BMI, postoperative weight, excess weight loss, and laboratory tests including fasting blood sugar (FBS), lipid profile, serum iron (Fe), ferritin, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), 25-OH vitamin D, vitamin B12, liver function tests, and albumin were recorded preoperatively and within 3- and 6-month follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Weight loss and BMI reduction was significantly more in patients with higher BMI level (<i>P</i>=0.007), and excess weight loss was higher in patients with lower preoperative BMI level (<i>P</i>=0.007), and excess weight loss was higher in patients with lower preoperative BMI level (<i>P</i>=0.007), and excess weight loss was higher in patients with lower preoperative BMI level (.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Based on this study, 180-cm intestinal bypassed length works for patients with a BMI level of 40-45 and 45-50 kg/m², according to their significant decrease in weight, BMI, and improving glycolipid profile.</p>","PeriodicalId":16628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity","volume":"2020 ","pages":"7572153"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2020-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/7572153","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37808694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One Size Does Not Fit All: Sociodemographic Factors Affecting Weight Loss in Adolescents.","authors":"Claire B Cummins, Kanika Bowen-Jallow, Sadia Tasnim, John Prochaska, Daniel Jupiter, Alex Wright, Byron D Hughes, Omar Nunez-Lopez, Elizabeth Lyons, Andrea Glaser, Ravi S Radhakrishnan, Debbe Thompson, Oscar E Suman","doi":"10.1155/2020/3736504","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2020/3736504","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Successful lifestyle changes for weight reduction are heavily dependent on recognizing the importance of societal and cultural factors. Patients 13-19 years of age with a BMI ≥95^th percentile are eligible for our multidisciplinary adolescent weight loss clinic. A behavioral questionnaire was administered at the initial visit. Patients were seen every 4-6 weeks. Bivariate analysis was used to identify sociodemographic factors associated with differences in weight loss. Overall, receiving reduced cost meals was associated with a lower likelihood of losing weight (kg) (<i>p</i> < 0.01). When stratified by race, White adolescents were more likely to lose weight if caretakers reported having enough money to buy healthy food (<i>p</i> < 0.05); in contrast, Black adolescents were less likely to lose weight (<i>p</i> < 0.05). However, Black patients were more likely to lose weight if they reported eating fruits and vegetables (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Female adolescents were more likely to lose weight if they felt unhappy about their appearance (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Interestingly, male adolescents were less likely to lose weight if they felt unhappy about their appearance (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Social and cultural norms influence weight loss in adolescents in unique and differing ways. Culturally competent individualized interventions could increase weight loss in diverse groups of adolescents with obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":16628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity","volume":"2020 ","pages":"3736504"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2020-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7060876/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37747766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Double Burden of Malnutrition: Examining the Growth Profile and Coexistence of Undernutrition, Overweight, and Obesity among School-Aged Children and Adolescents in Urban and Rural Counties in Henan Province, China.","authors":"Shengsheng Zhou,&nbsp;Bing Ye,&nbsp;Pengyu Fu,&nbsp;Shan Li,&nbsp;Pu Yuan,&nbsp;Li Yang,&nbsp;Xuan Zhan,&nbsp;Feng Chao,&nbsp;Shufang Zhang,&nbsp;Min Qi Wang,&nbsp;Alice Yan","doi":"10.1155/2020/2962138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/2962138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the gender, age, and region of residence in the anthropometric and nutritional profiles of children and adolescents aged 6-18 in Henan Province, China's third most populous province.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>This cross-sectional study of the China National Nutrition and Health survey (2010-2013) used a multistage cluster sampling technique. The sample included Chinese schoolchildren and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years (1,660 boys and 1,561 girls). Multiple logistic regression models were used to estimate the associations between sociodemographic correlates and overweight or obesity and stunting. <i>Setting</i>. Nine districts/counties in Henan Province. <i>Participants</i>. 3,221 subjects completed the questionnaire. Sociodemographic information was obtained. Body weight and height were measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were statistically significant regional differences in average height and weight for boys in all age groups. Girls followed the same trends except for height when 15-18 years old. The urban-rural residence differences were found in relation to prevalence of stunting and weight status. Subjects in poor rural areas (15.43%) and ordinary rural areas (15.34%) had higher rates of stunting compared to their urban counterparts. Prevalence of overweight or obesity was highest in big city areas (15.71%) and lowest in ordinary rural areas (6.37%). Being a boy (OR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.314-2.143), living in a big city (OR = 2.10, 95% CI = 1.431-3.073), or in a small-medium city (OR = 2.28, CI = 1.606-3.247), or being in a younger age group was associated with being overweight or obese. In addition, being a boy, living in a big city, or in a small-medium city, or being younger in age meant they were less likely to be stunted.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A substantial dual burden of malnutrition among children and adolescents in Henan Province was revealed. The urban-rural differences in nutritional status were found. Stunting was more prevalent in rural areas than in urban. In contrast, while the rising problem of childhood and adolescent obesity still exists in the big city, we also found a great spike in obesity in small-medium cities. Evidence also indicated that boys were more likely to be overweight or obese. Our findings suggest that nutrition education, as well as environmental and policy interventions, is needed to target specific geographic regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":16628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity","volume":"2020 ","pages":"2962138"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2020-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/2962138","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37717972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Obesity on Outcome in Preclinical Animal Models of Infection and Sepsis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Wanying Xu,&nbsp;Dominique Pepper,&nbsp;Junfeng Sun,&nbsp;Judith Welsh,&nbsp;Xizhong Cui,&nbsp;Peter Q Eichacker","doi":"10.1155/2020/1508764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/1508764","url":null,"abstract":"Background Clinical studies suggest obesity paradoxically increases survival during bacterial infection and sepsis but decreases it with influenza, but these studies are observational. By contrast, animal studies of obesity in infection can prospectively compare obese versus nonobese controls. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of animal investigations to further examine obesity's survival effect in infection and sepsis. Methods Databases were searched for studies comparing survival in obese versus nonobese controls. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of animal investigations to further examine obesity's survival effect in infection and sepsis. Methods. Databases were searched for studies comparing survival in obese versus nonobese animals following bacteria, lipopolysaccharide, or influenza virus challenges. Results Twenty-one studies (761 obese and 603 control animals) met the inclusion criteria. Obesity reduced survival in 19 studies (11 significantly) and the odds ratio (95% CI) of survival (0.21(0.13, 0.35); I2 = 64%, p < 0.01p < 0.01p < 0.01) but with high heterogeneity. Obesity reduced survival (1) consistently in both single-strain bacteria- and lipopolysaccharide-challenged studies (n = 6 studies, 0.21(0.13, 0.34); I2 = 64%, p < 0.01p < 0.01) but with high heterogeneity. Obesity reduced survival (1) consistently in both single-strain bacteria- and lipopolysaccharide-challenged studies (n = 6 studies, 0.21(0.13, 0.34); I2 = 64%, p < 0.01p < 0.01) but with high heterogeneity. Obesity reduced survival (1) consistently in both single-strain bacteria- and lipopolysaccharide-challenged studies (n = 6 studies, 0.21(0.13, 0.34); I2 = 64%, p < 0.01p < 0.01) but with high heterogeneity. Obesity reduced survival (1) consistently in both single-strain bacteria- and lipopolysaccharide-challenged studies (n = 6 studies, 0.21(0.13, 0.34); I2 = 64%, p < 0.01p < 0.01p < 0.01) but with high heterogeneity. Obesity reduced survival (1) consistently in both single-strain bacteria- and lipopolysaccharide-challenged studies (n = 6 studies, 0.21(0.13, 0.34); I2 = 31%, p=0.20 and n = 5, 0.22(0.13, 0.36); I2 = 0%, p=0.59, respectively), (2) not significantly with cecal ligation and puncture (n = 4, 0.72(0.08, 6.23); I2 = 75%, p < 0.01), and (3) significantly with influenza but with high heterogeneity (n = 6, 0.12(0.04, 0.34); I2 = 73%, p < 0.01). Obesity's survival effects did not differ significantly comparing the four challenge types (p=0.49). Animal models did not include antimicrobials or glycemic control and study quality was low. Conclusions Preclinical and clinical studies together emphasize the need for prospective studies in patients accurately assessing obesity's impact on survival during severe infection.","PeriodicalId":16628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity","volume":"2020 ","pages":"1508764"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2020-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/1508764","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37771318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Ventilatory and Diffusion Dysfunctions in Obese Patients with and without Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome.","authors":"Sonia Rouatbi,&nbsp;Ines Ghannouchi,&nbsp;Rim Kammoun,&nbsp;Helmi Ben Saad","doi":"10.1155/2020/8075482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8075482","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To analyze the ventilatory and alveolar-capillary diffusion dysfunctions in case of obesity with or without an OSAS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>It is a cross-sectional study of 48 obese adults (23 OSAS and 25 controls). Anthropometric data (height, weight, and body mass index (BMI)) were collected. All adults responded to a medical questionnaire and underwent polysomnography or sleep polygraphy for apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and percentage of desaturation measurements. The following lung function data were collected: pulmonary flows and volumes, lung transfer factor for carbon monoxide (DLCO), and fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (F_eNO).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Obesity was confirmed for the two groups with a total sample mean value of BMI = 35.06 ± 4.68 kg/m². A significant decrease in lung function was noted in patients with OSAS compared with controls. Indeed, when compared with the control group, the OSAS one had a severe restrictive ventilatory defect (total lung capacity: 93 ± 14 vs. 79 ± 12%), an abnormal DLCO (112 ± 20 vs. 93 ± 22%), and higher bronchial inflammation (18.40 ± 9.20 vs. 31.30 ± 13.60 ppb) (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Obesity when associated with OSAS increases the severity of pulmonary function and alveolar-capillary diffusion alteration. This can be explained in part by the alveolar inflammation.</p>","PeriodicalId":16628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity","volume":"2020 ","pages":"8075482"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2020-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/8075482","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37683191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychological Diagnoses and Weight Loss among Appalachian Bariatric Surgery Patients.","authors":"Makenzie L Barr,&nbsp;Cassie Brode,&nbsp;Lawrence E Tabone,&nbsp;Stephanie J Cox,&nbsp;Melissa D Olfert","doi":"10.1155/2020/1743687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/1743687","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The relationship between presurgical psychopathology and weight loss following bariatric surgery is complex; previous research has yielded mixed results. The current study investigates the relationship among presurgical mental health diagnoses, symptom severity, and weight loss outcomes in an Appalachian population, where obesity-related comorbidities are prominent.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective chart review was performed on bariatric surgery patients in an accredited Appalachian centered academic hospital in northern West Virginia between 2013 and 2015 (<i>n</i> = 347). Data extraction included basic demographics, anthropometrics (percent excess weight loss (%EWL)) at six-month, one-year, and two-year postoperative visits, and two validated psychological questionnaires (Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI)) from patient's presurgical psychological evaluation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Average patient population was 92.5% Caucasian, 81.5% female, 45 ± 11.5 years old, and 84.1% who underwent laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery with the remaining having laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. At baseline, no differences were detected in weight, excess body weight, or body mass index between surgery types. Average baseline BDI-II score was 10.1 ± 8.68 (range 0-41) and BAI score was 6.1 ± 6.7 (range 0-36), and this was not significantly different by surgery at baseline. Both baseline psychological scores were in the \"minimal\" severity range. BDI-II was positively related to BMI of patients at baseline (<i>p</i> = 0.01). Both BDI-II and BAI were not significantly related to %EWL across follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Other than baseline weight, BDI-II and BAI scores were not related to %EWL outcomes in patients receiving bariatric surgery in the Appalachian region. Future work should examine mixed methods approaches to capture prospective and longitudinal data to more thoroughly delve into mental health aspects of our Appalachian patients and improve efforts to recapture postoperative patients who may have been lost to follow-up.</p>","PeriodicalId":16628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity","volume":"2020 ","pages":"1743687"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2020-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/1743687","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37683190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elevated Serum TNF-<i>α</i> Is Related to Obesity in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Is Associated with Glycemic Control and Insulin Resistance.","authors":"Hana Alzamil","doi":"10.1155/2020/5076858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/5076858","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Diabetes and obesity are very common associated metabolic disorders that are linked to chronic inflammation. Leptin is one of the important adipokines released from adipocytes, and its level increases with increasing body mass index (BMI). Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-&lt;i&gt;α&lt;/i&gt;) is a cytokine that is released by adipocytes and inflammatory cells in response to chronic inflammation. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is believed to be associated with low-grade chronic inflammation. The current study aims to investigate the involvement of leptin and TNF-&lt;i&gt;α&lt;/i&gt;) is a cytokine that is released by adipocytes and inflammatory cells in response to chronic inflammation. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is believed to be associated with low-grade chronic inflammation. The current study aims to investigate the involvement of leptin and TNF-&lt;i&gt;Methodology&lt;/i&gt;. This is a cross-sectional study involving 63 healthy volunteers and 65 patients with T2DM. Body composition was measured, and fasting venous blood samples were analyzed for blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), basal insulin, leptin, and TNF-&lt;i&gt;α&lt;/i&gt;) is a cytokine that is released by adipocytes and inflammatory cells in response to chronic inflammation. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is believed to be associated with low-grade chronic inflammation. The current study aims to investigate the involvement of leptin and TNF-&lt;i&gt;α&lt;/i&gt;) is a cytokine that is released by adipocytes and inflammatory cells in response to chronic inflammation. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is believed to be associated with low-grade chronic inflammation. The current study aims to investigate the involvement of leptin and TNF.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Our study showed a significantly higher level of TNF-&lt;i&gt;α&lt;/i&gt;) is a cytokine that is released by adipocytes and inflammatory cells in response to chronic inflammation. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is believed to be associated with low-grade chronic inflammation. The current study aims to investigate the involvement of leptin and TNF-&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;=0.008). In obese diabetic patients, the serum level of TNF-&lt;i&gt;α&lt;/i&gt;) is a cytokine that is released by adipocytes and inflammatory cells in response to chronic inflammation. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is believed to be associated with low-grade chronic inflammation. The current study aims to investigate the involvement of leptin and TNF-&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;=0.008). In obese diabetic patients, the serum level of TNF-&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;=0.008). In obese diabetic patients, the serum level of TNF-&lt;i&gt;α&lt;/i&gt;) is a cytokine that is released by adipocytes and inflammatory cells in response to chronic inflammation. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is believed to be associated with low-grade chronic inflammation. The current study aims to investigate the involvement of leptin and TNF-&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt; = 0.361, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;=0.008). In obese diabetic patients, the serum level of TNF-&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt; = 0.361, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;=0.008). In obese diabetic","PeriodicalId":16628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity","volume":"2020 ","pages":"5076858"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/5076858","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37670569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of JumpstartMD, a Commercial Low-Calorie Low-Carbohydrate Physician-Supervised Weight Loss Program, on 22,407 Adults.","authors":"Sean Bourke,&nbsp;John Magaña Morton,&nbsp;Paul Williams","doi":"10.1155/2020/8026016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8026016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Commercial weight loss programs provide valuable consumer options for those desiring support. Several commercial programs are reported to produce ≥3-fold greater weight loss than self-directed dieting. The effectiveness of JumpstartMD, a commercial pay-as-you-go program that emphasizes a low-to-very-low-carbohydrate real-food diet and optional pharmacologic treatment without prepackaged meals or meal replacement, has not previously been described.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Completer and last observation carried forward (LOCF) of clinic-measured weight loss (kg) in 18,769 female and 3638 male JumpstartMD participants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Completers lost (mean ± SE) 8.7 ± 0.04 kg, 9.5 ± 0.04% with 44.5 ± 0.5% achieving ≥10% weight loss at 3 months (mo, <i>N</i> = 14,999 completers); 11.8 ± 0.1 kg, 12.6 ± 0.1% with 66.4 ± 0.6% achieving ≥10% weight loss at 6 mo (<i>N</i> = 11,805); and 11.5 ± 0.2 kg, 12.0 ± 0.2% with 57.6 ± 0.9% achieving ≥10% weight loss at 12 mo (<i>N</i> = 8514). LOCF estimates were -6.5 ± 0.03 kg, -7.2 ± 0.03% with 27.1 ± 0.3% achieving ≥10% weight loss at 3 mo; -7.7 ± 0.04 kg, -8.5 ± 0.04% with 36.3 ± 0.3% achieving ≥10% weight loss at 6 mo; and -7.7 ± 0.1 kg, -8.4 ± 0.1% with 34.6 ± 0.3% achieving ≥10% weight loss after 12 mo. Frequent health coach meetings was a major determinant of weight loss, with women and men attending ≥75% of their weekly appointments losing 8.8 ± 0.04 and 11.9 ± 0.1 kg, respectively, after 3 mo, 13.1 ± 0.1 and 16.5 ± 0.3 kg after 6 mo, and 16.5 ± 0.3 and 19.4 ± 0.8 kg after 12 mo. Phentermine and phendimetrazine had a minor effect in women only at 1 (6.1% greater weight loss than untreated), 2 (4.1%), and 3 mo (1.2%), but treated patients showed longer enrollment than nontreated during the first 3 (females: +0.4 ± 0.01; males: +0.3 ± 0.04 mo), 6 (females: +1.1 ± 0.04; males: +1.0 ± 0.1 mo), and 12 mo (females: +2.7 ± 0.1; males: +2.4 ± 0.2 mo). JumpstartMD produced generally greater weight loss than published reports for other real-food and prepackaged-meal commercial programs and somewhat greater or comparable losses to meal replacement diets.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A one-on-one medically supervised program that emphasized real low-carbohydrate foods produced effective weight loss, particularly in those attending ≥75% of their weekly appointments.</p>","PeriodicalId":16628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity","volume":"2020 ","pages":"8026016"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/8026016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37857277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}