Journal of Obesity最新文献

{"title":"Double Burden of Malnutrition: Examining the Growth Profile and Coexistence of Undernutrition, Overweight, and Obesity among School-Aged Children and Adolescents in Urban and Rural Counties in Henan Province, China.","authors":"Shengsheng Zhou,&nbsp;Bing Ye,&nbsp;Pengyu Fu,&nbsp;Shan Li,&nbsp;Pu Yuan,&nbsp;Li Yang,&nbsp;Xuan Zhan,&nbsp;Feng Chao,&nbsp;Shufang Zhang,&nbsp;Min Qi Wang,&nbsp;Alice Yan","doi":"10.1155/2020/2962138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/2962138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the gender, age, and region of residence in the anthropometric and nutritional profiles of children and adolescents aged 6-18 in Henan Province, China's third most populous province.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>This cross-sectional study of the China National Nutrition and Health survey (2010-2013) used a multistage cluster sampling technique. The sample included Chinese schoolchildren and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years (1,660 boys and 1,561 girls). Multiple logistic regression models were used to estimate the associations between sociodemographic correlates and overweight or obesity and stunting. <i>Setting</i>. Nine districts/counties in Henan Province. <i>Participants</i>. 3,221 subjects completed the questionnaire. Sociodemographic information was obtained. Body weight and height were measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were statistically significant regional differences in average height and weight for boys in all age groups. Girls followed the same trends except for height when 15-18 years old. The urban-rural residence differences were found in relation to prevalence of stunting and weight status. Subjects in poor rural areas (15.43%) and ordinary rural areas (15.34%) had higher rates of stunting compared to their urban counterparts. Prevalence of overweight or obesity was highest in big city areas (15.71%) and lowest in ordinary rural areas (6.37%). Being a boy (OR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.314-2.143), living in a big city (OR = 2.10, 95% CI = 1.431-3.073), or in a small-medium city (OR = 2.28, CI = 1.606-3.247), or being in a younger age group was associated with being overweight or obese. In addition, being a boy, living in a big city, or in a small-medium city, or being younger in age meant they were less likely to be stunted.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A substantial dual burden of malnutrition among children and adolescents in Henan Province was revealed. The urban-rural differences in nutritional status were found. Stunting was more prevalent in rural areas than in urban. In contrast, while the rising problem of childhood and adolescent obesity still exists in the big city, we also found a great spike in obesity in small-medium cities. Evidence also indicated that boys were more likely to be overweight or obese. Our findings suggest that nutrition education, as well as environmental and policy interventions, is needed to target specific geographic regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":16628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity","volume":"2020 ","pages":"2962138"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2020-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/2962138","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37717972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Obesity on Outcome in Preclinical Animal Models of Infection and Sepsis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Wanying Xu,&nbsp;Dominique Pepper,&nbsp;Junfeng Sun,&nbsp;Judith Welsh,&nbsp;Xizhong Cui,&nbsp;Peter Q Eichacker","doi":"10.1155/2020/1508764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/1508764","url":null,"abstract":"Background Clinical studies suggest obesity paradoxically increases survival during bacterial infection and sepsis but decreases it with influenza, but these studies are observational. By contrast, animal studies of obesity in infection can prospectively compare obese versus nonobese controls. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of animal investigations to further examine obesity's survival effect in infection and sepsis. Methods Databases were searched for studies comparing survival in obese versus nonobese controls. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of animal investigations to further examine obesity's survival effect in infection and sepsis. Methods. Databases were searched for studies comparing survival in obese versus nonobese animals following bacteria, lipopolysaccharide, or influenza virus challenges. Results Twenty-one studies (761 obese and 603 control animals) met the inclusion criteria. Obesity reduced survival in 19 studies (11 significantly) and the odds ratio (95% CI) of survival (0.21(0.13, 0.35); I2 = 64%, p < 0.01p < 0.01p < 0.01) but with high heterogeneity. Obesity reduced survival (1) consistently in both single-strain bacteria- and lipopolysaccharide-challenged studies (n = 6 studies, 0.21(0.13, 0.34); I2 = 64%, p < 0.01p < 0.01) but with high heterogeneity. Obesity reduced survival (1) consistently in both single-strain bacteria- and lipopolysaccharide-challenged studies (n = 6 studies, 0.21(0.13, 0.34); I2 = 64%, p < 0.01p < 0.01) but with high heterogeneity. Obesity reduced survival (1) consistently in both single-strain bacteria- and lipopolysaccharide-challenged studies (n = 6 studies, 0.21(0.13, 0.34); I2 = 64%, p < 0.01p < 0.01) but with high heterogeneity. Obesity reduced survival (1) consistently in both single-strain bacteria- and lipopolysaccharide-challenged studies (n = 6 studies, 0.21(0.13, 0.34); I2 = 64%, p < 0.01p < 0.01p < 0.01) but with high heterogeneity. Obesity reduced survival (1) consistently in both single-strain bacteria- and lipopolysaccharide-challenged studies (n = 6 studies, 0.21(0.13, 0.34); I2 = 31%, p=0.20 and n = 5, 0.22(0.13, 0.36); I2 = 0%, p=0.59, respectively), (2) not significantly with cecal ligation and puncture (n = 4, 0.72(0.08, 6.23); I2 = 75%, p < 0.01), and (3) significantly with influenza but with high heterogeneity (n = 6, 0.12(0.04, 0.34); I2 = 73%, p < 0.01). Obesity's survival effects did not differ significantly comparing the four challenge types (p=0.49). Animal models did not include antimicrobials or glycemic control and study quality was low. Conclusions Preclinical and clinical studies together emphasize the need for prospective studies in patients accurately assessing obesity's impact on survival during severe infection.","PeriodicalId":16628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity","volume":"2020 ","pages":"1508764"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2020-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/1508764","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37771318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Ventilatory and Diffusion Dysfunctions in Obese Patients with and without Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome.","authors":"Sonia Rouatbi,&nbsp;Ines Ghannouchi,&nbsp;Rim Kammoun,&nbsp;Helmi Ben Saad","doi":"10.1155/2020/8075482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8075482","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To analyze the ventilatory and alveolar-capillary diffusion dysfunctions in case of obesity with or without an OSAS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>It is a cross-sectional study of 48 obese adults (23 OSAS and 25 controls). Anthropometric data (height, weight, and body mass index (BMI)) were collected. All adults responded to a medical questionnaire and underwent polysomnography or sleep polygraphy for apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and percentage of desaturation measurements. The following lung function data were collected: pulmonary flows and volumes, lung transfer factor for carbon monoxide (DLCO), and fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (F_eNO).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Obesity was confirmed for the two groups with a total sample mean value of BMI = 35.06 ± 4.68 kg/m². A significant decrease in lung function was noted in patients with OSAS compared with controls. Indeed, when compared with the control group, the OSAS one had a severe restrictive ventilatory defect (total lung capacity: 93 ± 14 vs. 79 ± 12%), an abnormal DLCO (112 ± 20 vs. 93 ± 22%), and higher bronchial inflammation (18.40 ± 9.20 vs. 31.30 ± 13.60 ppb) (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Obesity when associated with OSAS increases the severity of pulmonary function and alveolar-capillary diffusion alteration. This can be explained in part by the alveolar inflammation.</p>","PeriodicalId":16628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity","volume":"2020 ","pages":"8075482"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2020-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/8075482","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37683191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychological Diagnoses and Weight Loss among Appalachian Bariatric Surgery Patients.","authors":"Makenzie L Barr,&nbsp;Cassie Brode,&nbsp;Lawrence E Tabone,&nbsp;Stephanie J Cox,&nbsp;Melissa D Olfert","doi":"10.1155/2020/1743687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/1743687","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The relationship between presurgical psychopathology and weight loss following bariatric surgery is complex; previous research has yielded mixed results. The current study investigates the relationship among presurgical mental health diagnoses, symptom severity, and weight loss outcomes in an Appalachian population, where obesity-related comorbidities are prominent.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective chart review was performed on bariatric surgery patients in an accredited Appalachian centered academic hospital in northern West Virginia between 2013 and 2015 (<i>n</i> = 347). Data extraction included basic demographics, anthropometrics (percent excess weight loss (%EWL)) at six-month, one-year, and two-year postoperative visits, and two validated psychological questionnaires (Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI)) from patient's presurgical psychological evaluation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Average patient population was 92.5% Caucasian, 81.5% female, 45 ± 11.5 years old, and 84.1% who underwent laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery with the remaining having laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. At baseline, no differences were detected in weight, excess body weight, or body mass index between surgery types. Average baseline BDI-II score was 10.1 ± 8.68 (range 0-41) and BAI score was 6.1 ± 6.7 (range 0-36), and this was not significantly different by surgery at baseline. Both baseline psychological scores were in the \"minimal\" severity range. BDI-II was positively related to BMI of patients at baseline (<i>p</i> = 0.01). Both BDI-II and BAI were not significantly related to %EWL across follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Other than baseline weight, BDI-II and BAI scores were not related to %EWL outcomes in patients receiving bariatric surgery in the Appalachian region. Future work should examine mixed methods approaches to capture prospective and longitudinal data to more thoroughly delve into mental health aspects of our Appalachian patients and improve efforts to recapture postoperative patients who may have been lost to follow-up.</p>","PeriodicalId":16628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity","volume":"2020 ","pages":"1743687"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2020-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/1743687","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37683190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elevated Serum TNF-<i>α</i> Is Related to Obesity in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Is Associated with Glycemic Control and Insulin Resistance.","authors":"Hana Alzamil","doi":"10.1155/2020/5076858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/5076858","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Diabetes and obesity are very common associated metabolic disorders that are linked to chronic inflammation. Leptin is one of the important adipokines released from adipocytes, and its level increases with increasing body mass index (BMI). Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-&lt;i&gt;α&lt;/i&gt;) is a cytokine that is released by adipocytes and inflammatory cells in response to chronic inflammation. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is believed to be associated with low-grade chronic inflammation. The current study aims to investigate the involvement of leptin and TNF-&lt;i&gt;α&lt;/i&gt;) is a cytokine that is released by adipocytes and inflammatory cells in response to chronic inflammation. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is believed to be associated with low-grade chronic inflammation. The current study aims to investigate the involvement of leptin and TNF-&lt;i&gt;Methodology&lt;/i&gt;. This is a cross-sectional study involving 63 healthy volunteers and 65 patients with T2DM. Body composition was measured, and fasting venous blood samples were analyzed for blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), basal insulin, leptin, and TNF-&lt;i&gt;α&lt;/i&gt;) is a cytokine that is released by adipocytes and inflammatory cells in response to chronic inflammation. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is believed to be associated with low-grade chronic inflammation. The current study aims to investigate the involvement of leptin and TNF-&lt;i&gt;α&lt;/i&gt;) is a cytokine that is released by adipocytes and inflammatory cells in response to chronic inflammation. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is believed to be associated with low-grade chronic inflammation. The current study aims to investigate the involvement of leptin and TNF.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Our study showed a significantly higher level of TNF-&lt;i&gt;α&lt;/i&gt;) is a cytokine that is released by adipocytes and inflammatory cells in response to chronic inflammation. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is believed to be associated with low-grade chronic inflammation. The current study aims to investigate the involvement of leptin and TNF-&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;=0.008). In obese diabetic patients, the serum level of TNF-&lt;i&gt;α&lt;/i&gt;) is a cytokine that is released by adipocytes and inflammatory cells in response to chronic inflammation. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is believed to be associated with low-grade chronic inflammation. The current study aims to investigate the involvement of leptin and TNF-&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;=0.008). In obese diabetic patients, the serum level of TNF-&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;=0.008). In obese diabetic patients, the serum level of TNF-&lt;i&gt;α&lt;/i&gt;) is a cytokine that is released by adipocytes and inflammatory cells in response to chronic inflammation. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is believed to be associated with low-grade chronic inflammation. The current study aims to investigate the involvement of leptin and TNF-&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt; = 0.361, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;=0.008). In obese diabetic patients, the serum level of TNF-&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt; = 0.361, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;=0.008). In obese diabetic","PeriodicalId":16628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity","volume":"2020 ","pages":"5076858"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/5076858","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37670569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of JumpstartMD, a Commercial Low-Calorie Low-Carbohydrate Physician-Supervised Weight Loss Program, on 22,407 Adults.","authors":"Sean Bourke,&nbsp;John Magaña Morton,&nbsp;Paul Williams","doi":"10.1155/2020/8026016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8026016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Commercial weight loss programs provide valuable consumer options for those desiring support. Several commercial programs are reported to produce ≥3-fold greater weight loss than self-directed dieting. The effectiveness of JumpstartMD, a commercial pay-as-you-go program that emphasizes a low-to-very-low-carbohydrate real-food diet and optional pharmacologic treatment without prepackaged meals or meal replacement, has not previously been described.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Completer and last observation carried forward (LOCF) of clinic-measured weight loss (kg) in 18,769 female and 3638 male JumpstartMD participants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Completers lost (mean ± SE) 8.7 ± 0.04 kg, 9.5 ± 0.04% with 44.5 ± 0.5% achieving ≥10% weight loss at 3 months (mo, <i>N</i> = 14,999 completers); 11.8 ± 0.1 kg, 12.6 ± 0.1% with 66.4 ± 0.6% achieving ≥10% weight loss at 6 mo (<i>N</i> = 11,805); and 11.5 ± 0.2 kg, 12.0 ± 0.2% with 57.6 ± 0.9% achieving ≥10% weight loss at 12 mo (<i>N</i> = 8514). LOCF estimates were -6.5 ± 0.03 kg, -7.2 ± 0.03% with 27.1 ± 0.3% achieving ≥10% weight loss at 3 mo; -7.7 ± 0.04 kg, -8.5 ± 0.04% with 36.3 ± 0.3% achieving ≥10% weight loss at 6 mo; and -7.7 ± 0.1 kg, -8.4 ± 0.1% with 34.6 ± 0.3% achieving ≥10% weight loss after 12 mo. Frequent health coach meetings was a major determinant of weight loss, with women and men attending ≥75% of their weekly appointments losing 8.8 ± 0.04 and 11.9 ± 0.1 kg, respectively, after 3 mo, 13.1 ± 0.1 and 16.5 ± 0.3 kg after 6 mo, and 16.5 ± 0.3 and 19.4 ± 0.8 kg after 12 mo. Phentermine and phendimetrazine had a minor effect in women only at 1 (6.1% greater weight loss than untreated), 2 (4.1%), and 3 mo (1.2%), but treated patients showed longer enrollment than nontreated during the first 3 (females: +0.4 ± 0.01; males: +0.3 ± 0.04 mo), 6 (females: +1.1 ± 0.04; males: +1.0 ± 0.1 mo), and 12 mo (females: +2.7 ± 0.1; males: +2.4 ± 0.2 mo). JumpstartMD produced generally greater weight loss than published reports for other real-food and prepackaged-meal commercial programs and somewhat greater or comparable losses to meal replacement diets.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A one-on-one medically supervised program that emphasized real low-carbohydrate foods produced effective weight loss, particularly in those attending ≥75% of their weekly appointments.</p>","PeriodicalId":16628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity","volume":"2020 ","pages":"8026016"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/8026016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37857277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linkage between Neighborhood Social Cohesion and BMI of South Asians in the Masala Study.","authors":"Gagandeep Gill,&nbsp;Nicola Lancki,&nbsp;Manjit Randhawa,&nbsp;Semran K Mann,&nbsp;Adam Arechiga,&nbsp;Robin D Smith,&nbsp;Samuel Soret,&nbsp;Alka M Kanaya,&nbsp;Namratha Kandula","doi":"10.1155/2020/7937530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/7937530","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Introduction</i>. South Asians in the United States have a high prevalence of obesity and an elevated risk for cardiometabolic diseases. Yet, little is known about how aspects of neighborhood environment influence cardiometabolic risk factors such as body mass index (BMI) in this rapidly growing population. We aimed to investigate the association between perceived neighborhood social cohesion and BMI among South Asians.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We utilized cross-sectional data from the MASALA study, a prospective community-based cohort of 906 South Asian men and women from the San Francisco Bay area and the greater Chicago area. Multivariable linear regression models, stratified by sex, were used to examine the association between perceived level of neighborhood social cohesion and individual BMI after adjusting for sociodemographics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants were 54% male, with an average age of 55 years, 88% had at least a bachelor's degree, and the average BMI was 26.0 kg/m². South Asian women living in neighborhoods with the lowest social cohesion had a significantly higher BMI than women living in neighborhoods with the highest cohesion (<i>β</i> coefficient = 1.48, 95% CI 0.46-2.51, <i>p</i>=0.02); however, the association was not statistically significant after adjusting for sociodemographic factors (<i>β</i> coefficient = 1.48, 95% CI 0.46-2.51, <i>p</i>=0.02); however, the association was not statistically significant after adjusting for sociodemographic factors (.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Perceived neighborhood social cohesion was not significantly associated with BMI among South Asians in our study sample. Further research is recommended to explore whether other neighborhood characteristics may be associated with BMI and other health outcomes in South Asians and the mechanisms through which neighborhood may influence health.</p>","PeriodicalId":16628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity","volume":"2020 ","pages":"7937530"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/7937530","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37592899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sociodemographic and Lifestyle Factors in relation to Overweight Defined by BMI and \"Normal-Weight Obesity\".","authors":"Bodil Ohlsson,&nbsp;Jonas Manjer","doi":"10.1155/2020/2070297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/2070297","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sociodemographic factors and lifestyle habits affect body weight and body composition. A new syndrome, called normal-weight obesity (NWO), is found in individuals with normal weight and excess body fat in contrast to lean and overweight individuals. The aim of the present study was to explore the associations between sociodemographic factors and smoking and alcohol habits and lower versus higher BMI (≥25 kg/m²) and to examine whether categorization into lean, NWO, and overweight leads to further information about sociodemographic and lifestyle associations, compared with the common categorization defined by BMI. A cohort of 17,724 participants (9,936 females, 56.1%) from the EpiHealth study, with a median age of 61 (53-67) years, was examined. The participants answered a questionnaire about lifestyle, and weight and fat percentage were measured. Associations between sociodemographic factors and lifestyle habits and lower versus higher BMI, and lean versus NWO or lean and NWO versus overweight were calculated by binary logistic regression. Male sex, age, sick leave/disability, married/cohabitating, divorced/widowed, former smoking, and a high alcohol consumption were associated with higher BMI, whereas higher education and frequent alcohol consumption were inversely associated (all <i>p</i> < 0.001). The associations were similar to associations with lean versus overweight and NWO versus overweight, except for age in the latter case. Associations with lean versus NWO differed from those of lower versus higher BMI, with an association with retirement, an inverse association with male sex (OR, 0.664; 95% confidence interval, 0.591-0.746), and no associations with marital status, smoking, and alcohol consumption frequency. Associations with age and occupation were sex dependent, in contrast to other variables examined. Thus, sociodemographic and lifestyle habits showed similar associations with lower versus higher BMI as with lean and NWO versus overweight, whereas lean versus NWO showed different directions of associations regarding sex, marital status, occupation, smoking, and frequency of alcohol consumption.</p>","PeriodicalId":16628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity","volume":"2020 ","pages":"2070297"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/2070297","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37592898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maximum Phonation Time in People with Obesity Not Submitted or Submitted to Bariatric Surgery.","authors":"Ana Luara Ferreura Fonseca,&nbsp;Wilson Salgado,&nbsp;Roberto Oliveira Dantas","doi":"10.1155/2019/5903621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/5903621","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Our aim in this investigation was to evaluate maximum phonation time in people with obesity not submitted to surgery and in people with obesity submitted to bariatric surgery and compare it with maximum phonation time of healthy volunteers. The hypothesis was that the reduced maximum phonation time in people with obesity would be corrected after surgery due to weight loss.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Maximum phonation time was evaluated in 52 class III patients (Group A), 62 class III patients who were treated by surgery 3 to 115 months before (Group B), 20 controls (Group C), and 15 class III patients whose maximum phonation time was evaluated before and two to six months after surgery (Group D). Maximum phonation time was measured in the sitting position with the vowels /A/, /I/, and /U/.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Maximal phonation time was shorter in groups A and B compared with that of controls. There was an increase in maximal phonation time after surgery (Group B); however, the difference was not significant when compared with that in group A. In group D, maximal phonation time for /A/ increased after the surgery. In group A, there was a negative correlation between maximal phonation time and weight or body mass index and a positive correlation between maximal phonation time and height. In group B, there was an almost significant positive relation between percentage of weight loss and maximal phonation time for /A/ (<i>p</i>=0.08) and /I/ (<i>p</i>=0.07). Mean values of spirometry testing (FEV₁, FVC, and FEV₁/FVC) in people with obesity (groups A and B), expressed as percentage of the predicted value, were within the normal range.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Compared with healthy controls, maximal phonation time is shorter in people with obesity, with a tendency to increase after bariatric surgery, as a possible consequence of weight loss.</p>","PeriodicalId":16628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity","volume":"2019 ","pages":"5903621"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2019-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2019/5903621","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37574575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Total and Compartmental Chest Wall Volumes, Lung Function, and Respiratory Muscle Strength in Individuals with Abdominal Obesity: Effects of Body Positions.","authors":"Rattanaporn Sonpeayung, Anong Tantisuwat, Prawit Janwantanakul, Premtip Thaveeratitham","doi":"10.1155/2019/9539846","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2019/9539846","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Abdominal obesity is a chronic condition that can contribute to impairments in lung function, leading to increased risks for respiratory-related diseases. Body position is an important technique that effectively restores and increases lung function and chest wall volumes. The objective of the current study was to examine the effects of the body positions on total and compartmental chest wall volumes, lung function, and respiratory muscle strength in individuals with and without abdominal obesity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty obesity and twenty healthy males performed in four body position including sitting without and with back support, Fowler's, and supine positions. Each position was performed for five minutes. Chest wall volumes, lung function, and respiratory muscle strength were assessed in each position.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sitting without and with back support resulted in higher total and rib cage compartmental chest wall volumes, lung function, and inspiratory muscle strength than Fowler's and supine positions in both groups (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Abdominal obesity subjects had significantly less total and compartmental chest wall volumes and lung function across four body positions than healthy subjects (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Respiratory muscle strength in the obesity group was less than that in the healthy control group (<i>p</i> > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides new information regarding the effect of obesity and body position on chest wall volumes, lung function, and respiratory muscle strength. Among obesity individuals who are bedridden, sitting increases lung function, total and rib cage compartmental chest wall volumes, and inspiratory muscle strength-and would therefore likely to decrease the risk of respiratory-related disease-relative to Fowler's and supine positions.</p>","PeriodicalId":16628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity","volume":"2019 ","pages":"9539846"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2019-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6942872/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37540614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}