Journal of Obesity最新文献

{"title":"Low-Density Lipoprotein Estimated by Various Equations in Patients With Obesity.","authors":"Johannes Oswald, Iris Bregulla, Monika Bröder, Raphael Reiter, Julian Eberhardt, Julian Gomahr, Dagmar Schaffler-Schaden","doi":"10.1155/jobe/4315375","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jobe/4315375","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Reducing atherogenic lipoproteins to lower cardiovascular risk is a key objective in obesity treatment. Accurate lipoprotein measurements are essential for determining the need for therapy and guiding its management. To identify the best equation for estimating LDL cholesterol, LDL measured directly (LDL-D) is compared to LDL calculated using equations developed by Friedewald (LDL-F), Martin (LDL-M) and Sampson/NIH (LDL-S). This study also examines the change of LDL and apolipoprotein B levels during a multidisciplinary obesity treatment programme.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective observational study included 308 adult patients with obesity who participated in a single-centre, multidisciplinary treatment programme using meal replacement (Optifast-professional). This study employed Pearson's correlations, repeated-measures analyses of variance (ANOVA) and a paired t-test and also compared calculated values against desirable bias and total allowable error.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The absolute values of LDL-M and LDL-S showed less bias and correlated better with LDL-D than LDL-F. All equations significantly underestimated absolute LDL values: LDL-F (mean -12.43 mg/dL, p < 0.001), LDL-M (mean -10.05 mg/dL, p < 0.001) and LDL-S (mean -9.49 mg/dL, p < 0.001). LDL-F also underestimated the change occurring during the programme (3.81 mg/dL; p = 0.017). All equations performed poorly against desirable bias and total allowable error. LDL-D, LDL-F, LDL-M, LDL-S and ApoB levels all decreased significantly, and these decreases remained significant after excluding patients taking lipid-lowering medications.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>LDL estimation equations systematically underestimated LDL in individuals with obesity. Among these, the Martin equation most accurately captured changes in LDL. Consequently, it appears to be the most suitable estimation method. However, direct measurement should remain the preferred method. The multidisciplinary meal replacement programme significantly reduced LDL cholesterol and ApoB.</p>","PeriodicalId":16628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity","volume":"2026 1","pages":"e4315375"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13181212/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147964017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Associated With the Nutritional Status of Children and Their Parents: A Cross-Sectional Analysis With Families Registered in Family Health Units, ES/2021.","authors":"Kéllyda Cinnara da Silva Moura, Oscar Geovanny Enriquez-Martinez, Haysla Xavier Martins Mendonça, Leticia Batista de Azevedo, Ana Maria Abreu de Oliveira, Ana Luiza Leite Costa, Pedro Antonio Souza de Almeida, Maria Del Carmen Bisi Molina","doi":"10.1155/jobe/3067261","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jobe/3067261","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Obesity is a major public health challenge, and its prevalence is increasing in most countries around the world and across all age groups.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to identify the correspondence and factors associated with the nutritional status of children aged 7-10 years and their parents/guardians registered in Family Health Units in a metropolitan region in southeastern Brazil.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cross-sectional study with a convenience sample was carried out in 26 Family Health Units in four municipalities in the Metropolitan Region of Vitória/ES, between July and December/2021. An anthropometric examination was performed, and sociodemographic and lifestyle data were collected. Nutritional status was classified using body mass index (BMI). Multinominal logistic regression models were tested, adopting p < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Around 56.5% of children classified as obese had parents/guardians with obesity. A greater chance of being obese was observed in adults aged > 30 years (OR: 2.34; 95% CI: 1.35; 4.06), Black race/color (OR: 2.82; 95% CI: 1.25; 6.33), and self-perceived health as regular/poor/very poor (OR: 4.12; 95% CI: 2.28; 7.42).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Children's nutritional status is only associated with that of their parents/guardians, especially when they have obesity. Higher age range, Black race/color, and worse self-perceived health were associated with obesity in adults. Public policies should be implemented to tackle obesity at all levels, including the promotion of adequate nutrition, self-care regarding health, and the encouragement of physical activity within the context of primary healthcare.</p>","PeriodicalId":16628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity","volume":"2026 1","pages":"e3067261"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13121548/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147774343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychological Process-Based Profiles in the Binge-Eating Spectrum: Clinical Implications Beyond DSM-5 Subtypes.","authors":"Geovanny Genaro Reivan-Ortiz, María Quezada-Gómez, Laura Maraver-Capdevila, Roser Granero","doi":"10.1155/jobe/9309734","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jobe/9309734","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Binge-spectrum eating disorders (BSEDs) are clinically impactful, yet the psychological mechanisms underlying their persistence and heterogeneity remain insufficiently understood. Clarifying these mechanisms is essential for refining diagnostic models and improving treatment. This study focused on young to early-middle adults, a developmental period with elevated risk for the onset and aggravation of BSED, to identify empirical subgroups based on eating- and psychological-related variables.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A two-step cluster analysis was performed in 187 patients (men and women, aged 20-45 years) diagnosed with different BSED subtypes. Variables considered included emotion-related eating behaviors, impulsivity, emotion dysregulation, decision-making, stress, anxiety-depression, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A three-cluster solution provided the best fit, yielding distinct patient profiles. Anxiety-depression and hunger emerged as the most influential variables for the clustering. No significant differences between the clusters were found in sociodemographic characteristics and eating disorder subtype. Clear gradients were observed in clinical severity and psychological functioning, ranging from high psychopathological burden and dysregulation in Cluster 1 (10.2% of the sample) to markedly more adaptive functioning and reduced distress in Cluster 3 (56.7%). The largest between-cluster differences involved hunger, emotion regulation deficits, and anxiety-depression levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings delineate clinically meaningful BSED subgroups, spanning severely dysregulated to more adaptive profiles. This differentiation may enhance diagnostic classification and inform process-based treatment approaches, enabling personalized interventions targeting core features (particularly anxiety-depression, emotion regulation, and hunger) to optimize clinical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":16628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity","volume":"2026 1","pages":"e9309734"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13677137/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149220230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Healthy Diet Intervention Alters Food Preferences and Eating Behaviours Without Changing Appetite, Adipokines or Glucose Homoeostasis.","authors":"Litto Tharakan, Troy Merry, Eva Liu, Sara Cooper, Walter Hsu, Chris Hedges, Amber Parry-Strong, Fiona E Lithander, Jeremy Krebs, Andrea Braakhuis","doi":"10.1155/jobe/8941754","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jobe/8941754","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The study aimed to evaluate the influence of a 12-week Mediterranean dietary pattern on eating behaviours, food preferences, appetite, satiety, hunger hormones, adipokines and glucose homoeostasis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study is nested within the He Rourou Whai Painga (HRWP) trial. Adults with a high risk of metabolic disease (waist circumference-based metabolic score, MetSSS score ≥ 0.35) participated in the mixed-meal challenge before and after a 12-week dietary intervention. Questionnaire assessments included the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ) and the Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire (LFPQ). Visual analogue scales (VAS) were used to measure subjective appetite sensations. Blood was drawn in the fasting state and at 15-, 30-, 60-, 90- and 120-min postmeal. The following peptides, hormones and metabolic markers were analysed: adiponectin, ghrelin, leptin, peptide YY (PYY), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), glucose, insulin and C-peptide concentrations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a significant decrease in uncontrolled eating (UE, p value = 0.0226) and an increase in cognitive restraint (CR, p value = 0.0004) following the intervention diet. Implicit desire for high-fat savoury foods, low-fat savoury foods and fat-appeal bias was significantly reduced after the intervention diet. None of the peptides or metabolic markers changed significantly after the intervention diet. Even though glucose, insulin and C-peptide levels decreased following the diet intervention, none of the values reached statistical significance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A healthy diet intervention alters food preferences and eating behaviours without changing appetite, adipokines or glucose homoeostasis.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Australia New Zealand Trial Registry: ACTRN12622000906752.</p>","PeriodicalId":16628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity","volume":"2026 1","pages":"e8941754"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13280808/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148277667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mediating Effects of Lipid Biomarkers and Sex-Specific Moderation on the Associations Between Anthropometric and Dietary Factors With Insulin Resistance.","authors":"Brice Ulrich Foudjo Saha, Lifoter Kenneth Navti, Ismael Teta, Fanuel Yibume Bey, Edouard Akono Nantia, Tume Christopher Bonglavnyuy, Eugene Sobngwi","doi":"10.1155/jobe/7216950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jobe/7216950","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Various anthropometric and dietary indicators influence insulin resistance (IR), and lipid biomarkers may play a pivotal mediating role in these relationships. To investigate the mediating effects of lipid biomarkers on the relationships between anthropometric, dietary indicators, and IR, and the moderating role of sex in these associations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted with 169 participants. Parallel mediation models assessed the mediating effects of lipid biomarkers (triglycerides, HDL, LDL, and total cholesterol) on the relationships between anthropometric (BMI, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and waist-to-height ratio) and dietary indicators (at least one starchy staple, at least one fruit, consumed all five recommended food groups (ALL-5), global dietary recommendations (GDR) score, and noncommunicable disease risk/protect scores) and IR. Moderated mediation analyses evaluated the moderating effect of sex. Statistical analyses were bootstrapped.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The cumulative effect of lipid biomarkers fully mediated the relationship between WHtR and IR (Indirect Coef. = 0.65; 95% CI [0.02, 1.70]). TG significantly mediated the associations between WHR and IR (indirect Coef. = 0.55; 95% CI [0.11, 2.63]), BMI and IR (indirect Coef. = 0.76; 95% CI [0.17, 2.27]), and WC and IR (indirect Coef. = 0.72; 95% CI [0.04, 2.63]). Furthermore, LDL-C (Indirect Coef. = 1.99; 95% CI [0.24, 9.61]) and HDL-C (Indirect Coef. = 0.55; 95% CI [0.03, 2.57]) mediated the relationships of starchy staple and fruit intake with IR, respectively. Sex moderated the direct effect of WC on IR (interaction Coef. = 5.11, p = 0.002) but did not moderate the indirect pathways involving lipid biomarkers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings elucidate the intricate interplay between body composition, diet, lipid biomarkers, sex, and IR, providing insights for developing targeted prevention and intervention strategies to combat IR.</p>","PeriodicalId":16628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity","volume":"2026 1","pages":"e7216950"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147433535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Overweight in Children Starts Early in Life: Findings From the Italian NASCITA Birth Cohort Study.","authors":"Antonio Clavenna, Rita Campi, Chiara Pandolfini, Maurizio Bonati","doi":"10.1155/jobe/1633187","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jobe/1633187","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To estimate the prevalence of overweight at 36 months of age and that of persistent overweight in an Italian birth cohort and to identify factors related to an increased likelihood of having overweight.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Italian NASCITA birth cohort was analysed. Children were classified in the underweight, normal or overweight range at 12, 24 and 36 months of age according to the World Health Organization percentiles, and the prevalence of overweight (≥ 85th centile) was estimated. Persistent overweight was defined as having overweight in all three assessments. To test the association between the chance of having overweight, and parental and child characteristics, healthy newborns with appropriate for gestational age birth weight were selected, and univariate and multivariate analyses were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of overweight was 22.7% at 12 months of age and 21.2% at 36 months (chi square-for-trend = 1.5 and p = 0.21). In all, 8.8% of the children had persistent overweight. Overweight at 12 months (RR: 3.28 and 95% CI: 2.69-4.00) and a big appetite (RR: 2.00 and 95% CI: 1.59-2.52) were the main factors associated with greater likelihood of overweight at 36 months, while excessive appetite and frequency of interaction with electronic devices were the main determinants of persistent overweight.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The body mass index status at 12 months greatly influenced that at 36 months. The increased risk of persistent overweight in children interacting with electronic devices suggests that extreme caution in allowing preschool children to use smartphone or tablets should be adopted. Furthermore, nutritional education of the entire family is essential to appropriately guide children's appetite.</p>","PeriodicalId":16628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity","volume":"2026 1","pages":"e1633187"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13092800/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147723068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preoperative Cer(d18:1/24:0) Shows Promise as a Candidate Predictor of Plasma Lipid Phenotypes Following Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass in Women: An Exploratory Analysis of the SURMetaGIT Study.","authors":"Gabriela de O Lemos, Raquel S M Torrinhas, Jéssica M Volejnik Pino, Philip C Calder, Steven B Heymsfield, Natasha M Machado, Dan L Waitzberg","doi":"10.1155/jobe/2335829","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jobe/2335829","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery is known to improve lipid profiles in individuals with obesity, but the degree of improvement varies. Emerging evidence suggests a role for sphingolipids in modulating cholesterol metabolism. This study investigated the relationship between plasma sphingolipid changes and cholesterol improvements in women with obesity and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) following RYGB. Patients from the SURMetaGIT study were evaluated before and 3 months after surgery. Biochemical and sphingolipid analyses, anthropometric measures, and body composition were assessed. A nonhierarchical cluster analysis assessed distinct phenotypes in response to cholesterol after surgery. The p value from multiple comparison tests was adjusted using the false discovery rate (FDR) method. A metabolite fold change [log₂ (postoperative mean/preoperative mean)] of 1.2 and an adjusted p value < 5% were considered statistically significant. A linear regression model was used to investigate the relationship between sphingolipids and cholesterol levels. Finally, a binary logistic regression model was developed to identify the predictive value of specific discriminative sphingolipids in the lipid improvement after RYGB. Distinct sphingolipid remodeling patterns were observed, with specific sphingolipids, including Cer(d18:1/24:0), SM(d18:1/22:0), and SM(d18:1/24:0), presenting a strong positive correlation with cholesterol levels, independent of weight loss and T2DM remission. The binary logistic regression showed preoperative Cer(d18:1/24:0) could be the strongest candidate predictor of plasma lipid improvement after surgery (accuracy of 78%; AUC 0.87). These findings suggest that specific sphingolipids, notably preoperative Cer(d18:1/24:0), seemed to have a potential role in predicting cholesterol improvement after RYGB. External validation in independent cohorts is warranted before clinical applicability can be established. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01251016.</p>","PeriodicalId":16628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity","volume":"2026 1","pages":"e2335829"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13465188/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148723459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality of Life in Adults With Severe Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cross-Sectional Studies.","authors":"Tatiane Salgado Galvão de Macedo, Marina Magno do Nascimento Pereira, Thamíris do Amaral Roxo Pereira, Ana Clara Rodrigues de Assumpção, Flávia Dos Santos Barbosa Brito, Cintia Chaves Curioni","doi":"10.1155/jobe/6951531","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jobe/6951531","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This systematic review aimed to synthesize evidence on the association between severe obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 40 kg/m²) and quality of life (QoL) in adults who had not undergone bariatric surgery or other interventions specifically targeting QoL, and to identify the QoL domains in which lower scores were most consistently observed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cohort and cross-sectional studies published up to March 2024 were eligible. The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023374612). PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO, CINAHL, and LILACS were searched. Two independent reviewers selected studies, extracted data, and assessed methodological quality using the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute tool. Findings were synthesized narratively and through an exploratory random-effects meta-analysis of absolute SF-36 mean scores.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty cross-sectional studies were included. The SF-36 and its variations were the most frequently used instruments. Across studies with BMI comparison groups, higher BMI categories were generally associated with lower QoL scores. The lowest scores were most consistently observed for physical functioning, role due to physical health, bodily pain, and general health. Among the mental health-related domains, vitality showed the most consistently reduced scores. Between-study heterogeneity was high for most pooled estimates.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Across the available cross-sectional evidence, adults with severe obesity generally had lower QoL, particularly in physical domains. However, substantial heterogeneity and the absence of longitudinal evidence limit certainty and preclude causal interpretation. Longitudinal studies using standardized QoL measures are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":16628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity","volume":"2026 1","pages":"e6951531"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13676160/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149216519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Narrative Review of Weight Management Strategies: From Lifestyle Interventions to Emerging Pharmacotherapies.","authors":"Iman Saad Ahmed, Sara Luay Tapponi, Hala Malek Manaa, Amina Soltani, Elzahraa Shehata Hussein, Fatemeh Ali Parvaresh, Zahid Hussain","doi":"10.1155/jobe/6556057","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jobe/6556057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Obesity is a chronic, multifactorial disease associated with significant cardiometabolic, psychological, and socioeconomic consequences. Its complex etiology necessitates integrated, evidence-based management strategies beyond simple caloric restriction.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This narrative review aims to critically evaluate current and emerging weight management strategies, including lifestyle interventions, dietary patterns, behavioral approaches, pharmacotherapy, and bariatric procedures, with attention to efficacy, limitations, sustainability, and real-world applicability.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A structured literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar to identify relevant peer-reviewed articles on obesity management. Studies addressing dietary strategies, physical activity, behavioral therapy, antiobesity medications, and surgical or endoscopic interventions were included. Evidence was synthesized narratively, emphasizing comparative effectiveness, safety considerations, and long-term challenges.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Lifestyle interventions remain the foundation of obesity management; however, long-term success is often limited by physiological adaptations, behavioral factors, and socioeconomic barriers. Among dietary approaches, differences in weight loss tend to diminish over time, highlighting adherence and sustainability as key determinants of success. Pharmacotherapy has advanced significantly, particularly with incretin-based agents such as GLP-1 receptor agonists and dual GIP/GLP-1 agonists, which produce substantial weight loss and cardiometabolic benefits but require ongoing use and may be limited by cost and tolerability. Bariatric surgery remains the most effective long-term intervention for severe obesity, while less invasive endoscopic procedures are expanding treatment options. Behavioral and psychological support plays a critical role in improving adherence across all interventions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Effective obesity management requires a personalized, multidisciplinary approach integrating sustainable lifestyle strategies with pharmacological or procedural therapies when appropriate. While recent therapeutic innovations have expanded treatment possibilities, long-term success depends on behavioral support, accessibility, and continued evaluation of safety and cost-effectiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":16628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity","volume":"2026 1","pages":"e6556057"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13075284/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147674274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Liraglutide in Patients With Obesity Who Are Early Non-Responders to Lifestyle Intervention: A Real-World Study.","authors":"Luisa Gilardini, Verdiana Vincenti, Marina Croci, Silvia Martinelli, Lucia Pasqualinotto, Paola Toja, Luca Cavaggioni, Simona Bertoli","doi":"10.1155/jobe/1224246","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jobe/1224246","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This prospective, observational study examined the efficacy of liraglutide in subjects with obesity who did not experience early weight loss during a behavioral intervention in a real-world setting.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The weight loss intervention lasted for 12 weeks, and at Week 6, we offered liraglutide to subjects who had lost less than 2.5% of their body weight (early unresponder (eUR)). Before and after the intervention, anthropometry, body composition, blood pressure, level of physical activity, nutrition knowledge, quality of life, and daytime sleepiness were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 174 participants, 78 subjects were classified as early unresponders: 21 (27%) agreed to start liraglutide therapy (eUR-LT), and 57 declined (eUR-NLT), primarily due to the out-of-pocket cost. Liraglutide was well tolerated. Four subjects complained of nausea and two of epigastralgia. During the 6-12-week period, the weight loss was -3.5 ± 1.8 kg (-3.2%) in the eUR-LT group and -1.3 ± 1.6 kg (-1.4%) in the eUR-NLT, p < 0.001. Using liraglutide therapy, baseline body mass index, sex, age, and weight change at 6 weeks as independent variables, the multivariate regression analysis found that only liraglutide therapy was significantly associated with weight loss from Week 6 to Week 12 (p < 0.001). After 12 weeks, total weight loss was -6.0 ± 2.4 kg (-5.3%) in group eUR-LT, -2.4 ± 1.9 kg (-2.4%) in group eUR-NLT, and -6.2 ± 2.3 kg (-6.3%) in group eR. In the eUR-LT group, 66.7% lost ≥ 5% of the initial weight; in group eUR-NLT, 14%; and in group eR, 72.9%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Liraglutide therapy is beneficial for individuals with obesity who do not respond early to lifestyle intervention. However, the high cost of the drug remains a barrier to its use.</p>","PeriodicalId":16628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity","volume":"2026 1","pages":"e1224246"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13520785/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148829496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}