Journal of nuclear medicine technology最新文献

{"title":"Gender and Ethnicity Bias of Text-to-Image Generative Artificial Intelligence in Medical Imaging, Part 1: Preliminary Evaluation.","authors":"Geoffrey Currie, Johnathan Hewis, Elizabeth Hawk, Eric Rohren","doi":"10.2967/jnmt.124.268332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2967/jnmt.124.268332","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Generative artificial intelligence (AI) text-to-image production could reinforce or amplify gender and ethnicity biases. Several text-to-image generative AI tools are used for producing images that represent the medical imaging professions. White male stereotyping and masculine cultures can dissuade women and ethnically divergent people from being drawn into a profession. <b>Methods:</b> In March 2024, DALL-E 3, Firefly 2, Stable Diffusion 2.1, and Midjourney 5.2 were utilized to generate a series of individual and group images of medical imaging professionals: radiologist, nuclear medicine physician, radiographer, and nuclear medicine technologist. Multiple iterations of images were generated using a variety of prompts. Collectively, 184 images were produced for evaluation of 391 characters. All images were independently analyzed by 3 reviewers for apparent gender and skin tone. <b>Results:</b> Collectively (individual and group characters) (<i>n</i> = 391), 60.6% were male and 87.7% were of a light skin tone. DALL-E 3 (65.6%), Midjourney 5.2 (76.7%), and Stable Diffusion 2.1 (56.2%) had a statistically higher representation of men than Firefly 2 (42.9%) (<i>P</i> < 0.0001). With Firefly 2, 70.3% of characters had light skin tones, which was statistically lower (<i>P</i> < 0.0001) than for Stable Diffusion 2.1 (84.8%), Midjourney 5.2 (100%), and DALL-E 3 (94.8%). Overall, image quality metrics were average or better in 87.2% for DALL-E 3 and 86.2% for Midjourney 5.2, whereas 50.9% were inadequate or poor for Firefly 2 and 86.0% for Stable Diffusion 2.1. <b>Conclusion:</b> Generative AI text-to-image generation using DALL-E 3 via GPT-4 has the best overall quality compared with Firefly 2, Midjourney 5.2, and Stable Diffusion 2.1. Nonetheless, DALL-E 3 includes inherent biases associated with gender and ethnicity that demand more critical evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":16548,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nuclear medicine technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142502305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Monitored Walking on Extracardiac Intestinal Activity in Myocardial Perfusion Imaging.","authors":"Anja Strok, Maja Dolenc Novak, Barbara Guzic Salobir, Monika Stalc, Katja Zaletel","doi":"10.2967/jnmt.124.267917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2967/jnmt.124.267917","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Various techniques have been used in attempts to reduce interfering gastrointestinal activity in myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI); however, these approaches have yielded inconsistent results. The goal of this study was to investigate the efficacy of monitored walking, a previously unexplored technique, in reducing subdiaphragmatic activity-related artifacts during pharmacologic stress ^99mTc-tetrofosmin MPI with SPECT to improve the overall image quality. <b>Methods:</b> The study included patients who underwent MPI with pharmacologic stress. They were given a step counter immediately after the radiotracer injection and were randomized into a group A, with a request to walk at least 1,000 steps before imaging, and a group B, with no specific instructions about walking. The reconstructed SPECT images were assessed visually. Moderate and severe levels of subdiaphragmatic tracer activity were considered relevant for the interpretation of the scans. Additionally, myocardial and abdominal activity was semiquantitatively assessed on raw planar images, and the mean myocardium-to-abdomen count ratios were calculated. <b>Results:</b> We enrolled 199 patients (95 patients in group A and 104 patients in group B). Clinical characteristics did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. Patients in group A walked more steps than patients in group B (<i>P</i> < 0.001), but there were no differences in the proportion of accepted scans between the 2 groups (<i>P</i> = 0.41). Additionally, there were no differences in the proportion of relevant subdiaphragmatic activity between the groups (<i>P</i> = 0.91). The number of steps did not impact the acceptance rate (<i>P</i> = 0.29). <b>Conclusion:</b> A higher number of steps walked during the waiting period between pharmacologic stress and acquisition does not affect subdiaphragmatic activity-related artifacts or the proportion of accepted scans after pharmacologic stress. However, pedometer use and clear instructions motivate patients to walk while awaiting imaging. Larger studies are required to compare a higher-step-count group with a sedentary control group to assess the influence of walking on gastrointestinal artifacts in MPI.</p>","PeriodicalId":16548,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nuclear medicine technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142289486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment Regarding \"Vapocoolant Analgesia for Breast Lymphoscintigraphy: A Prospective Clinical Trial\".","authors":"Andrew Ditto","doi":"10.2967/jnmt.124.267498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2967/jnmt.124.267498","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16548,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nuclear medicine technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142289483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating a Transatlantic Career Shift: Guidance for U.S. Nuclear Medicine Technologists Looking to Relocate to the U.K.","authors":"Jessica Settle","doi":"10.2967/jnmt.124.268651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2967/jnmt.124.268651","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16548,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nuclear medicine technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142289484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"So You Are a Clinical Instructor-Now What?","authors":"Jennifer L Prekeges","doi":"10.2967/jnmt.124.268054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2967/jnmt.124.268054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many nuclear medicine technologists find themselves in the role of clinical instructor, often without much in the way of educational background. This article provides a few recommendations on how to get started in this role. After distinguishing between the roles of affiliate education supervisor and clinical instructor, the article discusses 2 basic tools: the clinical course learning outcomes and the student handbook. Expectations for students are reviewed. An important aspect of clinical instruction is the attitude of the instructor. Clinical instructors can motivate students or demotivate them, with this choice having a significant impact on the student's development. Overall, the desire and determination to be pleasant and helpful to students make the greatest difference in their development into nuclear medicine technologists.</p>","PeriodicalId":16548,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nuclear medicine technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142289485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Multiradionuclide Automatic Dispensing System for Syringes of Radiopharmaceuticals: The Effect on Operator Hand Dose.","authors":"Else A Aalbersberg, Tammie T Cao, Chelvi Mylvaganan-Young, Desiree Verwoerd, Kirsten Peen, Mariska Sonneborn-Bols, Jeroen J M A Hendrikx","doi":"10.2967/jnmt.124.267449","DOIUrl":"10.2967/jnmt.124.267449","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The radiation exposure of the hands of nuclear medicine laboratory technicians is largely due to the dispensing of radiopharmaceuticals into syringes. To reduce this exposure, a multiradionuclide automatic dispensing system (ADS) for syringes of radiopharmaceuticals was introduced. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of this ADS on hand dose compared with manual dispensing. <b>Methods:</b> The total hand dose per month for all personnel (12 technicians) was measured with ring dosimeters at the base of the index finger for 13 mo: 7 mo with manual syringe dispensing (radiopharmaceuticals containing ^99mTc,¹⁸F, ¹⁷⁷Lu, ⁶⁸Ga, ⁹⁰Y, and ²²³Ra) and 6 mo with ADS (automatic: radiopharmaceuticals containing ¹⁸F and ¹⁷⁷Lu; manual: radiopharmaceuticals containing ^99mTc, ⁶⁸Ga, ⁹⁰Y, and ²²³Ra). <b>Results:</b> The mean total hand dose per month was reduced from 52.8 ± 10.2 mSv with manual dispensing to 21.9 ± 2.7 mSv with ADS (<i>P</i> < 0.001), which is an absolute decrease of 59%. Meanwhile, the total handled activity increased from 369 to 505 GBq (<i>P</i> < 0.001). ¹⁸F-containing radiopharmaceuticals were the most commonly dispensed, at 182 GBq per month. The increase in total handled activity was largely due to an increase in ¹⁷⁷Lu (from 25 to 123 GBq), partially because of the introduction of [¹⁷⁷Lu]Lu-PSMA-I&T. When correcting for this increase in handled activity, the hand dose was reduced by 69%. <b>Conclusion:</b> The introduction of a multiradionuclide syringe ADS decreased the hand dose to personnel by 69% when corrected for the increase in handled activity. Expanding the number of radiopharmaceuticals being dispensed by the system could potentially further decrease personnel hand dose.</p>","PeriodicalId":16548,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nuclear medicine technology","volume":" ","pages":"267-271"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141432145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First-Strike Rapid Predictive Dosimetry and Dose Response for ¹⁷⁷Lu-PSMA Therapy in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.","authors":"Yung Hsiang Kao, Nadia Falzone, Michael Pearson, Dinesh Sivaratnam","doi":"10.2967/jnmt.123.267067","DOIUrl":"10.2967/jnmt.123.267067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We devised and clinically validated a schema of rapid personalized predictive dosimetry for ¹⁷⁷Lu-PSMA-I&T in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. It supersedes traditional empiric prescription by providing clinically meaningful predicted absorbed doses for first-strike optimization. <b>Methods:</b> Prostate-specific membrane antigen PET was conceptualized as a simulation study that captures the complex dosimetric interplay between tumor, marrow, and kidneys at a single time point. Radiation principles of fractionation, heterogeneity, normal-organ constraints (marrow, kidney), absorbed dose, and dose rate were introduced. We created a predictive calculator in the form of a free, open-source, and user-friendly spreadsheet that can be completed within minutes. Our schema achieves speed and accuracy by sampling tissue radioconcentrations (kBq/cm³) to be analyzed in conjunction with clinical input from the user that reflect dosimetric preconditions. The marrow-absorbed dose constraint was 0.217 Gy (dose rate, ≤0.0147 Gy/h) per fraction with an interfraction interval of at least 6 wk. <b>Results:</b> Our first 10 patients were analyzed. The first-strike mean tumor-absorbed dose threshold for any prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response was more than 10 Gy (dose rate, >0.1 Gy/h). The metastasis with the lowest first-strike tumor-absorbed dose correlated the best with the percentage decrease of PSA; its threshold to achieve hypothetical zero PSA was 20 Gy or more. Each patient's PSA doubling time can be used to personalize their unique absorbed dose-response threshold. The predicted mean first-strike prescription constrained by marrow-absorbed dose rate per fraction was 11.0 ± 4.0 GBq. Highly favorable conditions (tumor sink effect) were dosimetrically expressed as the combination of tumor-to-normal-organ ratios of more than 150 for marrow and more than 4 for kidney. Our schema obviates the traditional role of the SUV as a predictive parameter. <b>Conclusion:</b> Our rapid schema is feasible to implement in any busy real-world theranostics unit and exceeds today's best practice standards. Our dosimetric thresholds and predictive parameters can radiobiologically rationalize each patient's first-strike prescription down to a single becquerel. Favorable tumor-to-normal-organ ratios can be prospectively exploited by predictive dosimetry to optimize the first-strike prescription. The scientific framework of our schema may be applied to other systemic radionuclide therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":16548,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nuclear medicine technology","volume":" ","pages":"212-218"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141432148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Image Quality of Cardiac Silicon Photomultiplier PET/CT Using an Infant Phantom of Extremely Low Birth Weight.","authors":"Kazuki Fukuchi, Takayuki Shibutani, Yusuke Terakawa, Yoshifumi Nouno, Emi Tateishi, Masahisa Onoguchi, Fukuda Tetsuya","doi":"10.2967/jnmt.124.267826","DOIUrl":"10.2967/jnmt.124.267826","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The lack of pediatrics-specific equipment for nuclear medicine imaging has resulted in insufficient diagnostic information for newborns, especially low-birth-weight infants. Although PET offers high spatial resolution and low radiation exposure, its use in newborns is limited. This study investigated the feasibility of cardiac PET imaging using the latest silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) PET technology in infants of extremely low birth weight (ELBW) using a phantom model. <b>Methods:</b> The study used a phantom model representing a 500-g ELBW infant with brain, cardiac, liver, and lung tissues. The cardiac tissue included a 3-mm-thick defect mimicking myocardial infarction. Organ tracer concentrations were calculated assuming ¹⁸F-FDG myocardial viability scans and ¹⁸F-flurpiridaz myocardial perfusion scans and were added to the phantom organs. Imaging was performed using an SiPM PET/CT scanner with a 5-min acquisition. The data acquired in list mode were reconstructed using 3-dimensional ordered-subsets expectation maximization with varying iterations. Image evaluation was based on the depiction of the myocardial defect compared with normal myocardial accumulation. <b>Results:</b> Increasing the number of iterations improved the contrast of the myocardial defect for both tracers, with ¹⁸F-flurpiridaz showing higher contrast than ¹⁸F-FDG. However, even at 50 iterations, both tracers overestimated the defect accumulation. A bull's-eye image can display the flow metabolism mismatch using images from both tracers. <b>Conclusion:</b> SiPM PET enabled cardiac PET imaging in a 500-g ELBW phantom with a 1-g heart. However, there were limitations in adequately depicting these defects. Considering the image quality and defect contrast,¹⁸F-flurpiridaz appears more desirable than ¹⁸F-FDG if only one of the two can be used.</p>","PeriodicalId":16548,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nuclear medicine technology","volume":" ","pages":"247-251"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141432149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Measurement and Prognostic Power of SUV Between High-Definition and Standard PET Imaging in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients.","authors":"Yonglin Pu, Bill C Penney, Jingmian Zhang, Kevin Little, Cassie A Simon, Nicholas Feinberg, Michael Hanzhe Zhang, Gloria Hwang, Daniel Eric Appelbaum","doi":"10.2967/jnmt.124.267684","DOIUrl":"10.2967/jnmt.124.267684","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to evaluate the measurement and prognostic ability of the SUV_max of whole-body tumors (SUV_maxwb) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, comparing high-definition (HD) PET imaging with standard-definition (SD) PET imaging. <b>Methods:</b> The study included 242 consecutive NSCLC patients who underwent baseline ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT from April 2018 to January 2021. Two imaging techniques were used: HD PET (using ordered-subsets expectation maximization with point-spread function modeling and time-of-flight techniques and smaller voxels) and SD PET (with ordered-subsets expectation maximization and time-of-flight techniques). SUV_maxwb was determined by measuring all the tumor lesions in the whole body, and tumor-to-background ratio (TBR) was calculated using the background SUV_mean of various body parts. <b>Results:</b> The patient cohort had an average age of 68.3 y, with 59.1% being female. During a median follow-up of 29.6 mo, 83 deaths occurred. SUV_maxwb was significantly higher in HD PET than SD PET, with respective medians of 17.4 and 11.8. The TBR of 1,125 tumoral lesions was also higher in HD PET. Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that SUV_maxwb from both HD and SD PET were significantly associated with overall survival. However, after adjusting for TNM (tumor, node, metastasis) stage, only SUV_maxwb from SD PET remained significantly associated with survival. <b>Conclusion:</b> HD PET imaging in NSCLC patients yields higher SUV_maxwb and TBR, enhancing tumor visibility. Despite this, its prognostic value is less significant than SD PET after adjusting clinical TNM stage. Thus, consideration should be given to using HD PET reconstruction to increase tumor visibility, and SD PET is recommended for NSCLC patient prognostication and therapeutic evaluation, as well as for the classification of lung nodules.</p>","PeriodicalId":16548,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nuclear medicine technology","volume":" ","pages":"229-233"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141633672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"⁹⁰Y SIR-Spheres Activity Measurement with New SIROS D-Vial Delivery Kit.","authors":"Benjamin P Lopez, S Cheenu Kappadath","doi":"10.2967/jnmt.124.267413","DOIUrl":"10.2967/jnmt.124.267413","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A new ⁹⁰Y SIR-Spheres delivery kit (SIROS D-vial and shield) has been introduced with a different physical form from the legacy V-Vial kit. Here, we establish the dose calibrator settings and exposure-rate-to-activity conversion factor to assay ⁹⁰Y SIR-Spheres activity in the new SIROS kit. <b>Methods:</b> Eight D-vials with initial ⁹⁰Y activities from 1.2 to 6.6 GBq within acrylic shields were assayed with dose calibrators and exposure-rate meters until activities decayed to approximately 0.1 GBq. The dose calibrator settings resulting in the lowest median activity errors and the best-fit slope of exposure rate versus activity were identified. <b>Results:</b> SIROS D-vial ⁹⁰Y activity can be accurately and reliably estimated directly using setting 51 × 10 on both the CRC-15R and the CRC-55tR dose calibrators (errors within ±0.5%) and indirectly with an exposure-rate reading at 30 cm using conversion factor 0.664 ± 0.003 GBq/(mR/h) (<i>R</i> ² = 0.985). <b>Conclusion:</b> Dose calibrator settings and exposure-rate-to-activity conversion factor for ⁹⁰Y activity assays with new SIROS kit should be updated from legacy V-Vial parameters to avoid an approximately 10% underestimation.</p>","PeriodicalId":16548,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nuclear medicine technology","volume":" ","pages":"256-260"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141633671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}