{"title":"Increased plasma lipocalin-2 levels are associated with nonmotor symptoms and neuroimaging features in patients with Parkinson's disease","authors":"Yongyan Fan, Xiaohuan Li, Jianjun Ma, Dawei Yang, Keke Liang, Yu Shen, Wei Wei, Linrui Dong, Chuanze Liu, Zonghan She, Xuelin Qi, Xiaoxue Shi, Qi Gu, Jinhua Zheng, Dongsheng Li","doi":"10.1002/jnr.25303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.25303","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) is essential for the regulation of neuroinflammation and cellular uptake of iron. This study aimed to evaluate plasma LCN2 levels and explore their correlation with clinical and neuroimaging features in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure plasma LCN2 levels in 120 subjects. Evaluation of motor symptoms and nonmotor symptoms in PD patients was assessed by the associated scales. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was used to evaluate brain volume alterations, and quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) was used to quantitatively analyze brain iron deposition in 46 PD patients. Plasma LCN2 levels were significantly higher in PD patients than those in healthy controls. LCN2 levels were negatively correlated with Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores, total brain gray matter volume (GMV), and GMV/total intracranial volume (TIV) ratio, but positively correlated with Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMD) scores and mean QSM values of the bilateral substantial nigra (SN). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves confirmed that plasma LCN2 levels had good predictive accuracy for PD. The results suggest that plasma LCN2 levels have potential as a biomarker for the diagnosis of PD. LCN2 may be a therapeutic target for neuroinflammation and brain iron deposition.</p>","PeriodicalId":16490,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience Research","volume":"102 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jnr.25303","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139704802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maryam Farshad, Christina Artemenko, Krzysztof Cipora, Jennifer Svaldi, Philipp A. Schroeder
{"title":"Regional specificity of cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation effects on spatial–numerical associations: Comparison of four stimulation sites","authors":"Maryam Farshad, Christina Artemenko, Krzysztof Cipora, Jennifer Svaldi, Philipp A. Schroeder","doi":"10.1002/jnr.25304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.25304","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Neuromodulation with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is an increasingly popular research tool to experimentally manipulate cortical areas and probe their causal involvements in behavior, but its replicability and regional specificity are not clear. This registered report investigated cathodal tDCS effects on spatial–numerical associations (i.e., the SNARC effect), the numerical distance effect (NDE), and inhibitory control (i.e., stop-signal reaction time; SSRT). Healthy adults (<i>N</i> = 160) were randomly assigned to one of five groups to receive sham tDCS or 1 mA cathodal tDCS to one of four stimulation sites (left/right prefrontal cortex [PFC], left/right posterior parietal cortex) with extracephalic return. We replicated that cathodal tDCS over the left PFC reduced the SNARC effect compared to sham tDCS and to tDCS over the left parietal cortex. However, neither NDE nor SSRT were modulated in the main analyses. Post hoc contrasts and exploratory analyses showed that cathodal tDCS over the right PFC had a time-dependent effect by delayed practice-related improvements in SSRT. Math anxiety moderated changes in the NDE in the groups receiving tDCS to the right parietal cortex. With few exceptions, the replicability and regional specificity of tDCS effects on behavior were weak and partially moderated by individual differences. Future research needs to characterize the parameter settings for effective neuromodulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":16490,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience Research","volume":"102 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jnr.25304","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139704801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bruno Mangili de Paula Rodrigues, Luiz Luciano Falconi-Sobrinho, Alline Cristina de Campos, Alexandre Kanashiro, Norberto Cysne Coimbra
{"title":"Panicolytic-like effects of environment enrichment on male mice threatened by Bothrops jararaca lancehead pit vipers","authors":"Bruno Mangili de Paula Rodrigues, Luiz Luciano Falconi-Sobrinho, Alline Cristina de Campos, Alexandre Kanashiro, Norberto Cysne Coimbra","doi":"10.1002/jnr.25300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.25300","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Environment enrichment (EE) is a well-known eustress model showing beneficial effects in different psychiatric diseases, but its positive properties in panic disorders are not yet established. The confrontation between prey and predator in complex arenas has been validated as a putative panic attack model. The principal aim of this work was to investigate the role of the EE on panic-like defensive responses elicited by mice threatened by venomous snakes. After 6 weeks of exposure either to an enriched or standard environments, 36 male mice were habituated in a complex polygonal arena for snakes containing an artificial burrow and elevated platforms for escape. The animals were confronted by <i>Bothrops jararaca</i> for 5 min, and the following antipredatory responses were recorded: defensive attention, stretched attend posture, flat back approach, prey versus predator interaction, oriented escape behavior, time spent in a safe place, and number of crossings. Mice threatened by snakes displayed several antipredatory reactions as compared to the exploratory behavior of those animals submitted to a nonthreatening situation (toy snake) in the same environment. Notably, EE causes anxiolytic- and panicolytic-like effects significantly decreasing the defensive attention and time spent in safe places and significantly increasing both prey versus predator interaction and exploratory behavior. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that EE can alter the processing of fear modulation regarding both anxiety- and panic-like responses in a dangerous condition, significantly modifying the decision-making defensive strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":16490,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience Research","volume":"102 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139700660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Theta oscillations within right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex contribute differently to speech versus limb inhibition","authors":"Karim Johari, Joel I. Berger","doi":"10.1002/jnr.25298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.25298","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Evidence suggests that speech and limb movement inhibition are subserved by common neural mechanisms, particularly within the right prefrontal cortex. In a recent study, we found that cathodal stimulation of right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (rDLPFC) differentially modulated P3 event-related potentials for speech versus limb inhibition. In the present study, we further analyzed these data to examine the effects of cathodal high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) over rDLPFC on frontal theta - an oscillatory marker of cognitive control - in response to speech and limb inhibition, during a Go/No-Go task in 21 neurotypical adults. Electroencephalography data demonstrated that both speech and limb No-Go elicited prominent theta activity over right prefrontal electrodes, with stronger activity for speech compared to limb. Moreover, we found that cathodal stimulation significantly increased theta power over right prefrontal electrodes for speech versus limb No-Go. Source analysis revealed that cathodal, but not sham, stimulation increased theta activity within rDLPFC and bilateral premotor cortex for speech No-Go compared to limb movement inhibition. These findings complement our previous report and suggest (1) right prefrontal theta activity is an amodal oscillatory mechanism supporting speech and limb inhibition, (2) larger theta activity in prefrontal electrodes for speech versus limb following cathodal stimulation may reflect allocation of additional neural resources for a more complex motor task, such as speech compared to limb movement. These findings have translational implications for conditions such as Parkinson's disease, wherein both speech and limb movement are impaired.</p>","PeriodicalId":16490,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience Research","volume":"102 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139682907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Humanized dopamine D4.7 receptor male mice display risk-taking behavior and deficits of social recognition and working memory in light/dark-dependent manner","authors":"Amal Alachkar, Alvin Phan, Travis Dabbous, Sammy Alhassen, Wedad Alhassen, Bryan Reynolds, Marcelo Rubinstein, Sergi Ferré, Olivier Civelli","doi":"10.1002/jnr.25299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.25299","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The dopamine D<sub>4</sub> receptor 7-repeat allele (D<sub>4.7</sub>R) has been linked with psychiatric disorders such as attention-deficit–hyperactivity disorder, autism, and schizophrenia. However, the highly diverse study populations and often contradictory findings make it difficult to draw reliable conclusions. The D<sub>4.7</sub>R has the potential to explain individual differences in behavior. However, there is still a great deal of ambiguity surrounding whether it is causally connected to the etiology of psychiatric disorders. Therefore, humanized D<sub>4.7</sub>R mice, with the long third intracellular domain of the human D<sub>4.7</sub>R, may provide a valuable tool to examine the relationship between the D<sub>4.7</sub>R variant and specific behavioral phenotypes. We report that D<sub>4.7</sub>R male mice carrying the humanized D<sub>4.7</sub>R variant exhibit distinct behavioral features that are dependent on the light–dark cycle. The behavioral phenotype was characterized by a working memory deficit, delayed decision execution in the light phase, decreased stress and anxiety, and increased risk behavior in the dark phase. Further, D<sub>4.7</sub>R mice displayed impaired social recognition memory in both the light and dark phases. These findings provide insight into the potential causal relationship between the human D<sub>4.7</sub>R variant and specific behaviors and encourage further consideration of dopamine D<sub>4</sub> receptor (DRD4) ligands as novel treatments for psychiatric disorders in which D<sub>4.7</sub>R has been implicated.</p>","PeriodicalId":16490,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience Research","volume":"102 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139682921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wei Luo, Ruolan Du, Ying Li, Hua Zhang, Weixin Li, Xiaoqi Luo, Yunying Chen, Xinying Yuan, Jin Deng
{"title":"Identification of genetic features that are associated with amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation changes in schizophrenia using omics analysis","authors":"Wei Luo, Ruolan Du, Ying Li, Hua Zhang, Weixin Li, Xiaoqi Luo, Yunying Chen, Xinying Yuan, Jin Deng","doi":"10.1002/jnr.25297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.25297","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Genetic risk for schizophrenia is thought to trigger variation in clinical features of schizophrenia, but biological processes associated with neuronal activity in brain regions remain elusive. In this study, gene expression features were mapped to various sub-regions of the brain by integrating low-frequency amplitude features and gene expression data from the schizophrenia brain and using gene co-expression network analysis of the Allen Transcriptome Atlas of the human brain from six donors to identify genetic features of brain regions and important associations with neuronal features. The results indicate that changes in the dynamic amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (dALFF) are mainly associated with transcriptome signature factors such as cortical layer synthesis, immune response, and expanded membrane transport. Further modular disease enrichment analysis revealed that the same set of signature genes associated with dALFF levels was enriched for multiple neurological biological processes. Finally, genetic profiling of individual modules identified multiple core genes closely related to schizophrenia, also potentially associated with neuronal activity. Thus, this paper explores genetic features of brain regions in the schizophrenia closely related to low-frequency amplitude ratio levels based on imaging genetics, which suggests structural endophenotypes associated with schizophrenia.</p>","PeriodicalId":16490,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience Research","volume":"102 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139682906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fernando Yáñez-Gómez, Laura Gálvez-Melero, Sandra Ledesma-Corvi, Cristian Bis-Humbert, Elena Hernández-Hernández, Glòria Salort, Rubén García-Cabrerizo, M. Julia García-Fuster
{"title":"Evaluating the daily modulation of FADD and related molecular markers in different brain regions in male rats","authors":"Fernando Yáñez-Gómez, Laura Gálvez-Melero, Sandra Ledesma-Corvi, Cristian Bis-Humbert, Elena Hernández-Hernández, Glòria Salort, Rubén García-Cabrerizo, M. Julia García-Fuster","doi":"10.1002/jnr.25296","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jnr.25296","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fas-Associated protein with Death Domain (FADD), a key molecule controlling cell fate by balancing apoptotic versus non-apoptotic functions, is dysregulated in post-mortem brains of subjects with psychopathologies, in animal models capturing certain aspects of these disorders, and by several pharmacological agents. Since persistent disruptions in normal functioning of daily rhythms are linked with these conditions, oscillations over time of key biomarkers, such as FADD, could play a crucial role in balancing the clinical outcome. Therefore, we characterized the 24-h regulation of FADD (and linked molecular partners: p-ERK/t-ERK ratio, Cdk-5, p35/p25, cell proliferation) in key brain regions for FADD regulation (prefrontal cortex, striatum, hippocampus). Samples were collected during Zeitgeber time (ZT) 2, ZT5, ZT8, ZT11, ZT14, ZT17, ZT20, and ZT23 (ZT0, lights-on or inactive period; ZT12, lights-off or active period). FADD showed similar daily fluctuations in all regions analyzed, with higher values during lights off, and opposite to p-ERK/t-ERK ratios regulation. Both Cdk-5 and p35 remained stable and did not change across ZT. However, p25 increased during lights off, but exclusively in striatum. Finally, no 24-h modulation was observed for hippocampal cell proliferation, although higher values were present during lights off. These results demonstrated a clear daily modulation of FADD in several key brain regions, with a more prominent regulation during the active time of rats, and suggested a key role for FADD, and molecular partners, in the normal physiological functioning of the brain's daily rhythmicity, which if disrupted might participate in the development of certain pathologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":16490,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience Research","volume":"102 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jnr.25296","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139659424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chen Zhang, Renhui Liu, Mengmeng Chen, Yang Xu, Xiaoqin Jin, Bing Shen, Jingye Wang
{"title":"Autophagy inhibitors 3-MA and BAF may attenuate hippocampal neuronal necroptosis after global cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury in male rats by inhibiting the interaction of the RIP3/AIF/CypA complex","authors":"Chen Zhang, Renhui Liu, Mengmeng Chen, Yang Xu, Xiaoqin Jin, Bing Shen, Jingye Wang","doi":"10.1002/jnr.25301","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jnr.25301","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Our previous study found that receptor interacting protein 3 (RIP3) and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) were involved in neuronal programmed necrosis during global cerebral ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury. Here, we further studied its downstream mechanisms and the role of the autophagy inhibitors 3-methyladenine (3-MA) and bafilomycin A1 (BAF). A 20-min global cerebral I/R injury model was constructed using the 4-vessel occlusion (4-VO) method in male rats. 3-MA and BAF were injected into the lateral ventricle 1 h before ischemia. Spatial and activation changes of proteins were detected by immunofluorescence (IF), and protein interaction was determined by immunoprecipitation (IP). The phosphorylation of H2AX (γ-H2AX) and activation of mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (p-MLKL) occurred as early as 6 h after reperfusion. RIP3, AIF, and cyclophilin A (CypA) in the neurons after I/R injury were spatially overlapped around and within the nucleus and combined with each other after reperfusion. The survival rate of CA1 neurons in the 3-MA and BAF groups was significantly higher than that in the I/R group. Autophagy was activated significantly after I/R injury, which was partially inhibited by 3-MA and BAF. Pretreatment with both 3-MA and BAF almost completely inhibited nuclear translocation, spatial overlap, and combination of RIP3, AIF, and CypA proteins. These findings suggest that after global cerebral I/R injury, RIP3, AIF, and CypA translocated into the nuclei and formed the DNA degradation complex RIP3/AIF/CypA in hippocampal CA1 neurons. Pretreatment with autophagy inhibitors could reduce neuronal necroptosis by preventing the formation of the RIP3/AIF/CypA complex and its nuclear translocation.</p>","PeriodicalId":16490,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience Research","volume":"102 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139656484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Brain structural and functional abnormalities in patients with tension-type headache: A systematic review of magnetic resonance imaging studies","authors":"Mohammadamin Parsaei, Morvarid Taebi, Alireza Arvin, Hossein Sanjari Moghaddam","doi":"10.1002/jnr.25294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.25294","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Tension-type headache (TTH) stands as the most prevalent form of headache, yet an adequate understanding of its underlying mechanisms remains elusive. This article endeavors to comprehensively review structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies investigating TTH patients, to gain valuable insights into the pathophysiology of TTH, and to explore new avenues for enhanced treatment strategies. We conducted a systematic search to identify relevant articles examining brain MRI disparities between TTH individuals and headache-free controls (HFC). Fourteen studies, encompassing 312 diagnosed TTH patients, were selected for inclusion. Among these, eight studies utilized conventional MRI, one employed diffusion tensor imaging, and five implemented various functional MRI modalities. Consistent findings across these studies revealed a notable increase in white matter hyperintensity (WMH) in TTH patients. Furthermore, the potential involvement of the specific brain areas recognized to be involved in different dimensions of pain perception including cortical regions (anterior and posterior cingulate cortex, prefrontal cortex, anterior and posterior insular cortex), subcortical regions (thalamus, caudate, putamen, and parahippocampus), cerebellum in TTH pathogenesis was identified. However, no significant association was established between TTH and intracranial abnormalities or total intracranial volume. In conclusion, these findings support the hypotheses regarding the role of central mechanisms in TTH pathophysiology and offer probable brain regions implicated in these mechanisms. Due to the scarce data on the precise role of these regions in the TTH, further preclinical and clinical investigations should be done to advance our knowledge and enhance targeted therapeutic options of TTH.</p>","PeriodicalId":16490,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience Research","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139488474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Altered neurovascular coupling in migraine without aura","authors":"Qichen Zhou, Chao Zhang, Jiaxin Du, Ziyue Xin, Yapeng Qi, Yihan Wang, Shen-Jie Li, Weikan Wang, Chenglin Zhou, Jian-Ren Liu, Xiaoxia Du","doi":"10.1002/jnr.25293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.25293","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Neurovascular coupling (NVC) provides new insights into migraine, a neurological disorder impacting over one billion people worldwide. This study compared NVC and cerebral blood flow (CBF) in patients with migraine without aura (MwoA) and healthy controls. About 55 MwoA patients in the interictal phase and 40 age- and sex-matched healthy controls underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and arterial spin-labeling perfusion imaging scans. The CBF and resting-state neuronal activity indicators, including the amplitudes of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF), regional homogeneity (ReHo), and degree centrality (DC), were calculated for each participant. The global and regional NVCs were assessed using cross-voxel CBF-neuronal activity correlations and CBF/neuronal activity ratios. Patients with MwoA showed increased CBF/ALFF ratios in the left media, superior and inferior frontal gyri, and anterior cingulate gyrus, increased CBF/DC ratios in the left middle and inferior frontal gyri, and increased CBF/ReHo ratios in the right corpus callosum and right posterior cingulate gyrus. Lower CBF/ALFF ratios in the right rectal gyrus, the left orbital gyrus, the right inferior frontal gyrus, and the right superior temporal gyrus were also found in the MwoA patients. Furthermore, the CBF/ALFF ratios in the inferior frontal and superior temporal gyri were positively correlated with the Headache Impact Test scores and Hamilton anxiety scale scores in the MwoA patients. These findings provide evidence for the theory that abnormal NVC contributes to MwoA.</p>","PeriodicalId":16490,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience Research","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139435212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}