Enes Akyuz, Feyza Sule Aslan, Abdulhekim Hekimoglu, Beyza Nur Yilmaz
{"title":"Insights Into Retinal Pathologies in Neurological Disorders: A Focus on Parkinson's Disease, Multiple Sclerosis, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, and Alzheimer's Disease.","authors":"Enes Akyuz, Feyza Sule Aslan, Abdulhekim Hekimoglu, Beyza Nur Yilmaz","doi":"10.1002/jnr.70006","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jnr.70006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neurological diseases are central nervous system (CNS) disorders affecting the whole body. Early diagnosis of the diseases is difficult due to the lack of disease-specific tests. Adding new biomarkers external to the CNS facilitates the diagnosis of neurological diseases. In this respect, the retina has a common embryologic origin with the CNS. Retinal imaging technologies including optical coherence tomography (OCT) can be used in the understanding and processual monitoring of neurological diseases. Retinal imaging has been recently recognized as a potential source of biomarkers for neurological diseases, increasing the number of studies in this direction. In this review, the association of retinal abnormalities with Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Alzheimer's disease (AD) is explained. Structural and functional abnormalities in retina as a predictive marker may facilitate early diagnosis of diseases. Although not all retinal abnormalities are predictive of neurologic diseases, changes in the retinal layers including retinal pigment epithelium and plexiform layers should suggest the risk of PD, MS, ALS, and AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":16490,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience Research","volume":"103 1","pages":"e70006"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142906680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dayamrita Kollaparampil Kishanchand, Athira Krishnan K A, Krishnapriya Chandrababu, Cyriac Abby Philips, Unnikrishnan Sivan, Baby Chakrapani Pulikaparambil Sasidharan
{"title":"The Intricate Interplay: Microbial Metabolites and the Gut-Liver-Brain Axis in Parkinson's Disease.","authors":"Dayamrita Kollaparampil Kishanchand, Athira Krishnan K A, Krishnapriya Chandrababu, Cyriac Abby Philips, Unnikrishnan Sivan, Baby Chakrapani Pulikaparambil Sasidharan","doi":"10.1002/jnr.70016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.70016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder marked by the depletion of dopaminergic neurons. Recent studies highlight the gut-liver-brain (GLB) axis and its role in PD pathogenesis. The GLB axis forms a dynamic network facilitating bidirectional communication between the gastrointestinal tract, liver, and central nervous system. Dysregulation within this axis, encompassing gut dysbiosis and microbial metabolites, is emerging as a critical factor influencing PD progression. Our understanding of PD was traditionally centered on neurodegenerative processes within the brain. However, examining PD through the lens of the GLB axis provides new insights. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of microbial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), kynurenine, serotonin, bile acids, indoles, and dopamine, which are integral to PD pathogenesis by modulation of the GLB axis. Our extensive research included a comprehensive literature review and database searches utilizing resources such as gutMGene and gutMDisorder. These databases have been instrumental in identifying specific microbes and their metabolites, shedding light on the intricate relationship between the GLB axis and PD. This review consolidates existing knowledge and underscores the potential for targeted therapeutic interventions based on the GLB axis and its components, which offer new avenues for future PD research and treatment strategies. While the GLB axis is not a novel concept, this review is the first to focus specifically on its role in PD, highlighting the importance of integrating the liver and microbial metabolites as central players in the PD puzzle.</p>","PeriodicalId":16490,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience Research","volume":"103 1","pages":"e70016"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142927214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nancy S Hong, J Quinn Lee, Charithe J T Bonifacio, Mason J Gibb, Megan Kent, Abigail Nixon, Maleeha Panjwani, Danika Robinson, Valeria Rusnak, Tyler Trudel, Jessica Vos, Robert J McDonald
{"title":"Hippocampal Lesions in Male Rats Produce Retrograde Memory Loss for Over-Trained Spatial Memory but Do Not Impact Appetitive-Contextual Memory: Implications for Theories of Memory Organization in the Mammalian Brain.","authors":"Nancy S Hong, J Quinn Lee, Charithe J T Bonifacio, Mason J Gibb, Megan Kent, Abigail Nixon, Maleeha Panjwani, Danika Robinson, Valeria Rusnak, Tyler Trudel, Jessica Vos, Robert J McDonald","doi":"10.1002/jnr.70013","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jnr.70013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Evidence suggests that hippocampal (HPC) disruption following learning produces retrograde amnesia on a range of tasks. Many of these tasks do not require HPC function in the anterograde direction suggesting that, in the intact brain, the HPC is actively involved during all forms of learning. However, prior work has also demonstrated double dissociations of HPC and amygdala function, which is inconsistent with this view. Here, we aim to understand this discrepancy by assessing the effects of neurotoxic lesions of the HPC on anterograde and retrograde amnesia for conditioned place preference (CPP). This task is dependent on a network centered on the basolateral amygdala and not the HPC. The results show that extensive HPC damage had no impact on the acquisition or expression of CPP. One explanation for this result is that the task requires multiple, distributed training sessions for conditioning to emerge, and it has been proposed that this parameter may eliminate the need for HPC to support memory. To test this, we completed experiments to probe place learning in the Morris water task, which is thought to always require HPC function, but implemented an over-training procedure before HPC damage. We found that rats were severely impaired suggesting that this task parameter does not always allow non-HPC networks to support learning. Finally, an experiment was designed to test whether memories acquired by distinct memory networks on the same days, within hours of one another, would be linked in HPC. The results showed that they remained independent of one another.</p>","PeriodicalId":16490,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience Research","volume":"103 1","pages":"e70013"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11694058/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142914978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"RETRACTION: Nuclear Receptor nur77 Promotes Cerebral Cell Apoptosis and Induces Early Brain Injury After Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats.","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/jnr.70018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.70018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Retraction: </strong>Y. Dai, W. Zhang, Q. Sun, X. Zhang, X. Zhou, Y. Hu, and J. Shi, \"Nuclear Receptor nur77 Promotes Cerebral Cell Apoptosis and Induces Early Brain Injury After Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats,\" Journal of Neuroscience Research 92, no. 9 (2014): 1110-1121. https://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.23392. The above article, published online on April 15, 2014 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the journal Editors-in-Chief, Cristina A. Ghiani and J. Paula Warrington, and Wiley Periodicals LLC. The journal received a report from a third party, which described image overlap between the B1 and C1 panels and the A4 and B4 panels in Figure 6. In addition, a third party also indicated that the majority of images in Figure 5 had been used in another article by many of the same authors (Dai et al. 2014 [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2014.01.052]) and that images in Figure 4 had been re-used in a separate article also by many of the same authors (Dai et al. 2014 [https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-014-1355-6]). The authors did not respond to multiple requests from the publisher for the original data and an explanation. The retraction has been agreed to because of the evidence of image duplications both within this article and between other articles by many of the same authors, which fundamentally compromises the conclusions presented in this article. The authors did not respond to our notice regarding the Retraction.</p>","PeriodicalId":16490,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience Research","volume":"103 1","pages":"e70018"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142914893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Natalia Molodozhnikova, Svetlana Prokhorova, Dimitar Monov, Nikolay Lilyanov
{"title":"Neurological and Cognitive Effects of Hypothyroidism in Patients With Epilepsy: A Study on Anti-Seizure Medicines Therapy.","authors":"Natalia Molodozhnikova, Svetlana Prokhorova, Dimitar Monov, Nikolay Lilyanov","doi":"10.1002/jnr.70012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.70012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The primary objective of this study was to examine neurological disorders and cognitive impairments in patients with secondary hypothyroidism and epilepsy undergoing treatment with antiepileptic medications. The study included 184 patients divided into three groups: Group 1 (subclinical hypothyroidism, n = 60), Group 2 (manifest hypothyroidism, n = 64), and Group 3 (control, n = 60). Patients in Group 2 received levothyroxine therapy (initial dose of 25 μg/day, titrated to 50-100 μg/day), while Groups 1 and 2 were treated with anti-seizure medications (valproic acid, 40 mg/kg/day). Neurological symptoms, including Babinski's reflex abnormalities (χ<sup>2</sup> = 8.15, p = 0.017) and sensory disturbances (χ<sup>2</sup> = 12.44, p = 0.005), were significantly more frequent in Group 2 than in Group 1. Cognitive test scores were significantly lower in Group 2 compared to Group 3 across all domains (F(2, 181) = 6.55, p = 0.002 for MMSE; F(2, 181) = 4.70, p = 0.010 for FAB; and F(2, 181) = 5.75, p = 0.006 for CDT), with Group 1 showing intermediate results. Regression analysis identified neurodegenerative disease risk (β = 0.34, CI: 0.20-0.48, p < 0.001), anemia (β = 0.32, CI: 0.15-0.49, p = 0.001), and prolonged stress (β = 0.26, CI: 0.12-0.40, p = 0.002) as significant predictors of cognitive decline, while higher education was protective (β = -0.28, CI: -0.42 to -0.14, p = 0.003). An inverse relationship was observed between TSH levels and cognitive scores (r = -0.55, p < 0.001).</p>","PeriodicalId":16490,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience Research","volume":"103 1","pages":"e70012"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142965423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marina Giglberger, Hannah L Peter, Gina-Isabelle Henze, Christoph Bärtl, Julian Konzok, Peter Kirsch, Brigitte M Kudielka, Ludwig Kreuzpointner, Stefan Wüst
{"title":"Associations Between the Neural Stress Response and Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression.","authors":"Marina Giglberger, Hannah L Peter, Gina-Isabelle Henze, Christoph Bärtl, Julian Konzok, Peter Kirsch, Brigitte M Kudielka, Ludwig Kreuzpointner, Stefan Wüst","doi":"10.1002/jnr.70019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.70019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anxiety and depression disorders show high prevalence rates, and stress is a significant risk factor for both. However, studies investigating the interplay between anxiety, depression, and stress regulation in the brain are scarce. The present manuscript included 124 law students from the LawSTRESS project. Anxiety and depression symptoms were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and psychosocial stress was induced with the imaging stress paradigm ScanSTRESS. Anxiety, but not depression scores, were significantly related to neural stress responses in a striato-limbic cluster. Moreover, relative to women, men showed stronger associations between anxiety scores and activation in striatal and temporal clusters. A bifactor model of the HADS suggested a general factor characterized by tension, nervousness, and cheerlessness, which was associated with activation changes in a similar but more circumscribed cluster than anxiety. In the LawSTRESS project, the HADS was assessed at five sampling points (1 year, 3 months, 1 week prior exam, 1 week, and 1 month thereafter), and thus an exploratory trajectory analysis could be performed. It confirmed the relationship between anxiety scores and striatal stress responses at baseline but revealed no predictive value of the neural measure across the sampling points. Our results suggest that-in healthy young participants-neural acute psychosocial stress responses in striato-limbic structures are associated with anxiety, supporting the assumption that these regions are related to individual differences in vulnerability to stress-related disorders. A correlation with depression scores could not be found, and possible explanations are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":16490,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience Research","volume":"103 1","pages":"e70019"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11737356/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143006939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Correction to Sensory Perception of Environmental Cues as a Modulator of Aging and Neurodegeneration: Insights From Caenorhabditis elegans.","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/jnr.70015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.70015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16490,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience Research","volume":"103 1","pages":"e70015"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142914977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ihosvany Rodríguez Pérez, José Arturo Avalos-Fuentes, Francisco Paz-Bermúdez, Hernan Cortes, Gisela Tovar Medina, Rafael Jijón-Lorenzo, Benjamín Florán
{"title":"D1 Receptor Functional Asymmetry at Striatonigral Neurons: A Neurochemical and Behavioral Study in Male Wistar Rats.","authors":"Ihosvany Rodríguez Pérez, José Arturo Avalos-Fuentes, Francisco Paz-Bermúdez, Hernan Cortes, Gisela Tovar Medina, Rafael Jijón-Lorenzo, Benjamín Florán","doi":"10.1002/jnr.70014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.70014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lateralization of motor behavior, a common phenomenon in humans and several species, is modulated by the basal ganglia, a site pointed out for the interhemispheric differences related to lateralization. Our study aims to shed light on the potential role of the striatonigral D1 receptor in functional asymmetry in normal conditions through neurochemical and behavioral means. We found that D1 receptor activation and D1/D3 receptor coactivation in striatonigral neurons leads to more cAMP production by adenylyl cyclase in the striatum and GABA release in their terminals in the right hemisphere compared to the left. These differences are linked to a higher receptor sensitivity and potentially a better coupling of G<sub>olf</sub> proteins. When we assessed motor behavior through intranigral injection of the D1 receptor agonist SKF 38393 in the left or right substantia nigra, we found higher contralateral circling when injected on the right side. Thus, differences in motor activity correlate with neurochemical data, indicating that D1 receptor signaling plays a significant role in motor asymmetry.</p>","PeriodicalId":16490,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience Research","volume":"103 1","pages":"e70014"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142906679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Engrailed1 in Parvalbumin-Positive Neurons Regulates Eye-Specific Retinogeniculate Segregation and Visual Function","authors":"Yuqing Chen, Chengyong Jiang, Biao Yan, Jiayi Zhang","doi":"10.1002/jnr.70007","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jnr.70007","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Homeobox transcription factor Engrailed1 (En1) is expressed in the ectoderm and mediates the establishment of retinotectal topography, but its role in eye-specific retinogeniculate segregation and visual function remains unclear. Parvalbumin (PV) neurons, which are widely distributed in the visual pathway, play a crucial role in visual development and function. In this study, we conditionally knocked out En1 gene in PV neurons and found an expansion of the ipsilateral eye projection, while no significant effects were observed in the contralateral eye projection. Additionally, we observed a decrease in the number of PV neurons in PV-Cre:En1<sup>fl/fl</sup> mice, accompanied by an increased level of cleaved caspase-3 in PV neurons. Furthermore, the genetic ablation of PV neurons in the retina through intraocular AAV-DIO-Caspase3 injection in PV-Cre mice was sufficient to disrupt retinogeniculate segregation. Finally, we observed that PV-Cre:En1<sup>fl/fl</sup> mice exhibited enhanced visual depth perception in the visual cliff test. These results demonstrate that En1 in PV neurons participates in eye-specific retinogeniculate segregation through cell survival and regulates binocular vision.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16490,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience Research","volume":"102 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142864575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Justin Bellavance, Laurence S. David, Michael E. Hildebrand
{"title":"An Open-Source Tool for Investigation of Differential RNA Expression Between Spinal Cord Cells of Male and Female Mice","authors":"Justin Bellavance, Laurence S. David, Michael E. Hildebrand","doi":"10.1002/jnr.70008","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jnr.70008","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Chronic pain is a highly debilitating condition that differs by type, prevalence, and severity between men and women. To uncover the molecular underpinnings of these differences, it is critical to analyze the transcriptomes of spinal cord pain-processing networks for both sexes. Despite several recently published single-nucleus RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq) studies on the function and composition of the mouse spinal cord, a gene expression analysis investigating the differences between males and females has yet to be performed. Here, we combined data from three different large-scale snRNA-seq studies, which used sex-identified adult mice. Using SeqSeek, we classified more than 37,000 unique viable cells within predicted cell types with the use of machine learning. We then utilized DESeq2 to identify significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between males and females in a variety of cell populations, including superficial dorsal horn (SDH) neurons. We found a large number of DEGs between males and females in all cells, in neurons, and in SDH neurons of the mouse spinal cord, with a greater level of differential expression in inhibitory SDH neurons compared to excitatory SDH neurons. The results of these analyses are available on an open-source web-app: https://justinbellavance.shinyapps.io/snRNA_Visualization/. Lastly, we used gene set enrichment analysis to identify sex-enriched pathways from our previously identified DEGs. Through this, we have identified specific genetic players within the rodent spinal cord that diverge between males and females, which may underlie reported sex differences in spinal nociceptive mechanisms and pain processing.</p>","PeriodicalId":16490,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience Research","volume":"102 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11645520/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142824266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}