Journal of Medical Virology最新文献

{"title":"Tracking SARS-CoV-2 Lineages in Pakistan′s 2025 COVID-19 Resurgence: Insights From Genomic Surveillance","authors":"Nazish Badar, Muhammad Salman, Abdul Ahad, Hamza Ahmed Mirza","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70607","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jmv.70607","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"97 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145069789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ubiquitination: A Double-Edged Mechanism in Coronavirus Infections","authors":"Sijie Liu,&nbsp;Chuhan Shao,&nbsp;Yina Ding,&nbsp;Yuxuan Wang,&nbsp;Liangyin Jin,&nbsp;De-an Tan,&nbsp;Shanni Li,&nbsp;Xu Deng,&nbsp;Yuzheng Zhou,&nbsp;Zanxian Xia","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.70589","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in late 2019 had a profound impact on public health, leading to the global COVID-19 pandemic. This viral outbreak has significantly heightened interest in coronaviruses, accelerating research into their pathogenesis. Ubiquitination, a common Posttranslational protein modification, plays a crucial role in processes such as protein localization, metabolism, and degradation. During coronavirus invasion and disease progression, complex interactions involving ubiquitination are at play. On one hand, the host utilizes ubiquitination to activate innate immune signaling pathway or degrade crucial viral proteins via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, thereby inhibiting viral replication. On the other hand, coronaviruses manipulate ubiquitination to suppress the activation of key antiviral molecules or promote their degradation. Thus, both the host and virus leverage ubiquitination to their advantage. Thus, investigating the role of ubiquitination in coronavirus infection provides crucial insights into viral infection mechanisms and pathogenesis, potentially facilitating the development of novel antiviral drugs, particularly those targeting ubiquitination regulation, such as PROTAC. This paper offers a comprehensive examination of the regulatory function of ubiquitination in coronavirus infection, with the potential to advance research in the field and open new avenues for the effective control of coronaviruses, especially SARS-CoV-2.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"97 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145057891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Summary of the 12th International Conference on Human Herpesviruses-6A, -6B, and -7","authors":"Anthony L. Komaroff,&nbsp;Hideo Asada,&nbsp;Masao Ogata,&nbsp;Tetsushi Yoshikawa,&nbsp;Yasuko Mori","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.70602","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The 12th International Conference on Human Herpesvirus (HHV)-6A, HHV-6B, and HHV-7 was held in Himeji, Japan, from March 25 to March 27, 2025. It attracted over 120 basic, translational, and clinical scientists from 17 countries. Important new information was presented regarding: studies of viral genes and proteins; mechanism of chromosomal integration of the viral genome; host cell interactions; inherited chromosomally integrated HHV-6A/B, also called endogenous HHV-6A/B); the role of the viruses in drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS)/drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS); the role of the viruses as opportunistic pathogens in immunocompromised people; the role of the viruses in diseases of the central nervous system, particularly encephalopathy, post-COVID neurological conditions, complex febrile seizures, and synucleinopathies; and the possible role of the viruses in non-Hodgkin lymphoma and autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus. In this review, we summarize many of the oral presentations. The full text of the Conference Abstracts is available at: https://hhv-6foundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/Abstracts_FINAL-3.10.25.pdf.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"97 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145057892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Metformin in Preventing Herpes Zoster Japanese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Target Trial Emulation","authors":"Shunsuke Hiroki,&nbsp;Toshiki Fukasawa,&nbsp;Kasumi Yokogawa,&nbsp;Koji Kawakami","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.70606","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 <p>Patients with type 2 diabetes have a higher risk of herpes zoster (HZ). Although metformin may reduce this risk via immunomodulatory effects, prior evidence is limited by confounding by indication and an unclear causal estimand. We aimed to estimate the per-protocol effect of sustained metformin use on the risk of HZ in comparison with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, for which no evidence suggests an elevated HZ risk. We emulated a target trial using a Japanese claims database (April 2012–December 2023) to assess the 4-year risk of HZ among new users of either metformin or a DPP-4 inhibitor. Risks were estimated using an inverse probability weighted pooled logistic regression model. Among 9691 metformin users, 154 developed HZ (weighted 4-year risk: 4.18%), while among 17 202 DPP-4 inhibitor users, 345 developed HZ (4.92%). The risk difference was −0.74% (95% CI, −1.80 to 0.39), and the risk ratio was 0.85 (95% CI, 0.66 to 1.08). In conclusion, metformin use did not reduce the 4-year risk of HZ compared with DPP-4 inhibitor use. This finding contradicts a prior observational report of a marked risk reduction, which was likely inflated by confounding by indication, and highlights the need to specify a clear causal estimand.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"97 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145057893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a HEp2-CDX Mouse Model With Sustained High RSV Viral Loads for Robust Antiviral Therapeutic Evaluation","authors":"Jinwei Yuan,&nbsp;Duo Xu,&nbsp;Xiaohong Liao,&nbsp;Chengxing Zhou,&nbsp;Qiong Zhang,&nbsp;Hui Liao,&nbsp;Minglei Liu,&nbsp;Zhoulang Wang,&nbsp;Jing Dai,&nbsp;Ren Cao,&nbsp;Qiuru Li,&nbsp;Hui Cai,&nbsp;Rong Zhou,&nbsp;Xingui Tian","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.70601","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a predominant pathogen that causes lower respiratory tract infections and is widespread among infants and the elderly. Antibodies and antiviral drugs are effective treatment strategies for RSV, but their efficacy varies among different animal models. Here, we present a mouse model constructed using HEp-2 cell line-derived xenograft (HEp2-CDX) technology. The HEp2-CDX mouse model sustained high viral loads following both intratumoral and intravenous inoculation with RSV. The average peak titers rapidly reached 1 × 10⁷ copies/g in lung tissues and 6 × 10⁹ copies/g in the tumor tissues over a period up to 5 days. Furthermore, the addition of a clinical monoclonal antibody (nirsevimab) and an antiviral drug (ziresovir) showed strong antiviral activity within this animal model. These findings suggest that HEp2-CDX mice, which enable stable RSV infection and replication, serve as useful models for evaluating antiviral therapeutics.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"97 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145057890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to “Symptoms and Risk Factors for Long Covid: A Cross-Sectional Study In Primary Care”","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.70609","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A.M.S. Ferreira, F.E.L.d.L. Ferreira, C.C.F. Alverga, et al., “Symptoms and Risk Factors for Long COVID: A Cross-Sectional Study in Primary Care,” <i>Journal of Medical Virology</i> 97 (2025): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.70579</p><p>In the Authors Affiliation section, a reference to one of the institutions was inadvertently omitted. As a result, the affiliations of two authors were listed incorrectly. Affiliation for <i>Assel Muratovna Shigayeva Ferreira</i> and <i>João Agnaldo do Nascimento</i> was incorrectly referred as “Center of Medical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil”. The correct affiliation is “Center of Exact Sciences and Nature, Federal University of Paraíba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil”.</p><p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"97 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jmv.70609","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145038053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heterogeneous Evolution Among SARS-CoV-2 Genes and Variants of Concern","authors":"Luis Daniel González-Vázquez,&nbsp;Paula Iglesias-Rivas,&nbsp;David Ferreiro,&nbsp;Miguel Arenas","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.70604","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Challenges persist regarding the influence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on public health, with growing interest in future viral molecular variants. In this context, accurate predictions demand a thorough understanding of the virus's molecular evolution, especially proteins targeted by therapies, where certain discrepancies among studies exist. We analyzed thousands of SARS-CoV-2 genomes to assess the rate of evolution and molecular adaptation in the various SARS-CoV-2 coding regions. We found an overall low genetic diversity along the genome, with fluctuations over time and among genomic regions, and a notable increase in the Omicron variant, especially in the <i>S</i> and <i>ORF6</i> genes. We also estimated an overall rate of molecular evolution of approximately 10⁻³ substitutions per site per year, though it varied among genomic regions and over time. Actually, most genomic regions did not follow the strict molecular clock. Regarding selective pressures, the protein-coding regions of SARS-CoV-2 generally exhibited evidence of purifying selection, with local diversifying selection associated with virus transmission and replication. Overall, the molecular evolution of SARS-CoV-2 displays heterogeneity among genomic regions and over time. These findings suggest that forecasting SARS-CoV-2 molecular evolution is not straightforward and remark the importance of continuing to monitor SARS-CoV-2 evolution.</p>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"97 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jmv.70604","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145038054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Burden and Economic Impact of HIV/AIDS and Other Sexually Transmitted Infections in Women of Childbearing Age, 1990–2021: Insights From the GBD 2021 Study","authors":"Xinyi Xiong,&nbsp;Yuming Yao,&nbsp;Ying Li,&nbsp;Ying Jiang,&nbsp;Wenting Peng,&nbsp;Qianbin Wang,&nbsp;Xingchao Ma,&nbsp;Lei Fu,&nbsp;Shifang Peng","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70599","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jmv.70599","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 <p>Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV/AIDS, remain a major global public health issue for women of childbearing age (WCBA). However, comprehensive data on their epidemiological and economic burden and long-term trends in this population are limited. This study aims to systematically assess the global, regional, and national burden and temporal trends of HIV/AIDS and other significant STIs among WCBA from 1990 to 2021, and to evaluate the associated economic burden in 2021. Data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 to estimate the incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for HIV/AIDS and other STIs across 204 countries or territories. Temporal trends were assessed using estimated annual percentage change (EAPC). An age-period-cohort model was applied to estimate relative risks, and frontier analysis was used to determine efficiency in resource utilization. The economic burden in 2021 was estimated using an indirect cost approach. In 2021, an estimated 287 million incident cases of HIV/AIDS and other STIs occurred globally. Since 1990, new HIV/AIDS cases have declined by 25.1%, and the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) decreased by 46.5%, while the age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR), age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), and age-standardized DALYs rate (ASDR) increased. In contrast, other STIs saw a 54.3% rise in incident cases, with slight increases in ASIR and ASPR, and decreases in ASMR and ASDR. The burden was highest in low sociodemographic index (SDI) regions and declined with increasing SDI. Sub-Saharan Africa remained the most affected region. Global direct healthcare spending on HIV/AIDS and other STIs among WCBA reached $2.46 billion in 2021, with high-SDI countries accounting for the majority. Low-SDI countries, despite high disease burdens, contributed minimally to global spending. From 1990 to 2021, the burden of HIV/AIDS and other STIs among WCBA increased significantly, with notable regional disparities. Sub-Saharan Africa carries a disproportionately high burden of HIV/AIDS and other STIs yet receives insufficient global attention. Low-SDI populations face greater disease burdens but benefit from less healthcare investment, underscoring the urgent need to strengthen STIs-specific prevention, treatment, and health education in these regions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"97 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145033500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Model Systems of Gammaherpesvirus Infection, Immunity, and Disease","authors":"Arundhati Gupta,&nbsp;Renfeng Li,&nbsp;Kathy Shair,&nbsp;Shou-Jiang Gao","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.70581","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) are oncogenic human gammaherpesviruses (GHVs) associated with a broad spectrum of malignancies and chronic diseases. However, direct studies of these viruses in humans are limited by ethical constraints, technical challenges, and their strict species specificity. To overcome these barriers, researchers have developed surrogate models, with murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV68) emerging as a tractable and widely utilized system. MHV68 shares key genetic and biological features with EBV and KSHV, providing critical insights into GHV pathogenesis, including viral latency, reactivation, immune evasion, and virus-host interactions. This review summarizes current cellular and animal models for GHV research, highlighting the advantages and limitations of MHV68 as a model for studying human GHVs. We explore mechanisms of viral gene function, immune modulation, and host responses, and discuss how these models have advanced our understanding of GHV-associated diseases. Improved model systems will be essential for guiding future experimental approaches and developing targeted therapies for GHV-driven malignancies and other related disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"97 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jmv.70581","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145012572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Human Papillomavirus Genotypes on Anal Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions Among Gay, Bisexual and Other Men Who Have Sex With Men Living With HIV: Beyond HPV-16","authors":"Aroa Villoslada,&nbsp;Adrian Rodriguez,&nbsp;Patricia Sorni,&nbsp;Araceli Serrano,&nbsp;Andrea Salom,&nbsp;Carmen Collado,&nbsp;Mercedes García-Gasalla,&nbsp;Antoni Payeras","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.70596","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Persistent high-risk human papillomavirus (hHPV) infection, especially HPV-16, plays a central role in the development of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL). This study aimed to evaluate the performance of co-testing (cytology and hHPV detection) in a real-world cohort of men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TW) living with HIV. We conducted a prospective study (2017–2023) at a tertiary care center in Spain. MSM and TW living with HIV underwent screening with anal cytology and PCR-based hHPV testing. High-resolution anoscopy (HRA) with biopsy was performed in cases with abnormal cytology and/or hHPV positivity. Clinical, epidemiological, and HIV-related data were collected to identify risk factors for abnormal cytology and biopsy. 734 cytologies were performed in 380 participants. Abnormal cytology was found in 34%, most commonly ASCUS. hHPV was detected in 63.1% of samples; HPV-16 was the most prevalent genotype (19.4%), present in 60% of HSIL cytologies and 65% of AIN2–3 biopsies. Risk factors for abnormal cytology included nadir CD4 &lt; 200 cells/μL (aOR 2.61), prior condylomas (aOR 2.66), and infection with any oncogenic HPV genotype (aOR 4.12). Among 91 HRAs, 29.6% showed AIN2–3% and 2.1% in situ carcinoma. HPV-16, HPV-52, and HPV-66 were most frequently associated with abnormal findings in the cytology. In conclusion, anal HPV infection was prevalent in MSM and TW living with HIV. The genotypes most frequently associated with abnormal cytology and histopathological findings were HPV-16, HPV-52, and HPV-66. These findings highlight the potential value of implementing co-testing strategies in anal dysplasia screening for this high-risk population.</p>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"97 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jmv.70596","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145012746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}