Journal of Medical Virology最新文献

{"title":"Modern Approach to Manage Patients With Kaposi Sarcoma","authors":"Thomas Bettuzzi,&nbsp;Celeste Lebbe,&nbsp;Chloé Grolleau","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70294","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jmv.70294","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a malignancy associated with Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), primarily affecting immunocompromised individuals, such as those with HIV or those receiving immunosuppressive treatments. Immunocompetent individuals may also be affected, illustrating the disease's heterogeneity. KS manifests in different forms—classic, endemic, epidemic, iatrogenic, and in men having sex with men—each with distinct clinical features depending on immune status and geographic area of origin. Although advances in treatment have improved disease control, effective management remains a challenge. This review focuses on the comprehensive approach to investigating and treating KS. It highlights the role of histology, immunohistochemistry, and staging in diagnosing KS and assessing disease extension, together with other KSHV diseases (multicentric Castelman disease, primary effusion lymphoma, and KS inflammatory cytokine syndrome<span>)</span>. Treatment strategies are discussed, with emphasis on restoring immunity in immunocompromised patients, alongside conventional local therapies, and chemotherapy options like liposomal doxorubicin and paclitaxel for aggressive and extensive forms. Promising emerging therapies, including immunomodulatory agents, antiangiogenic therapies, and checkpoint inhibitors, are also explored. The review emphasizes the importance of personalized treatment based on the patient's underlying condition and KS subtype. It provides an in-depth look at the pathogenesis, diagnostic methods, and evolving therapeutic approaches, offering valuable insights into improving management and outcomes for KS patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"97 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jmv.70294","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143677125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Macrophage-Mediated Delivery of miR-34a-5p-Nanoparticles for Pathogenic Inhibition of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus","authors":"Lixia Yao,&nbsp;Qing Zhang,&nbsp;Xingxing Gao,&nbsp;Fangling Li,&nbsp;Lei Zhang,&nbsp;Jinli Zhang,&nbsp;Wenyi Gu,&nbsp;Xiaohua Tan,&nbsp;Dongmei Li,&nbsp;Dongdong Cao,&nbsp;Yuanming Pan","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70298","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jmv.70298","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) has been demonstrated to trigger a variety of malignant neoplasms, however, there are currently no targeted pharmaceutical interventions available. MicroRNA(miRNA)-based antiviral and tumor therapies are frequently utilized, yet the challenges of cellular uptake and susceptibility to degradation underscore the necessity for a delivery system that can effectively combat KSHV. Nonetheless, despite the efficacy of nanocarriers in delivering drugs into cells, they continue to encounter challenges in penetrating the brain. In this study, a macrophage inflammation model was developed to enhance the delivery of miR-34a-5p loaded by folic acid-modified β-cyclodextrin grafted polyethyleneimine (β-CD-PEI-FA) nanocomposites, based on FA targeted to folate receptors on the surface of macrophages and tumor cells. Both in vivo and in vitro safety evaluations of the nanocarriers were performed, which confirmed the exceptional biocompatibility. Assays involving the coculture of induced nanodrug-loaded macrophages and KSHV-positive cells demonstrated the efficient delivery of miR-34a-5p into KSHV-positive cells through macrophages. This delivery led to the inhibition of the proliferation and cell cycle of cocultured KSHV-positive cells, as well as a significant reduction in the expression of KSHV pathogenic genes RTA and v-GPCR. Notably, fluorescence imaging of organs revealed the in vivo delivery of nanocomposites into brain tissues, including tumors. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry analysis revealed increased macrophages infiltration in both tumors and brain tissues in xenograft mice. In conclusion, our study presents a pioneering strategy employing macrophages as carriers for delivering β-CD-PEI-FA/miR-34a-5p nanocomplexes in anti-KSHV therapy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"97 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143677051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasma Proteomic Profiles of Pediatric Patients With Human Herpesvirus 6B Encephalitis Following Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation","authors":"Kazunori Haruta,&nbsp;Yuto Fukuda,&nbsp;Hisateru Yamaguchi,&nbsp;Yoshiki Kawamura,&nbsp;Takako Suzuki,&nbsp;Yuka Torii,&nbsp;Atsushi Narita,&nbsp;Hideki Muramatsu,&nbsp;Hiroyuki Kidokoro,&nbsp;Jun Natsume,&nbsp;Yoshiyuki Takahashi,&nbsp;Tetsushi Yoshikawa,&nbsp;Jun-ichi Kawada","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70311","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jmv.70311","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Human herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B) encephalitis is a rare but severe complication of hematopoietic cell transplantation. This study investigated the pathogenesis of HHV-6B encephalitis by comparing plasma proteomic profiles of four pediatric patients with HHV-6B encephalitis to three with asymptomatic HHV-6B reactivation following umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT). Plasma proteomic profiling was conducted using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Overall, 260 proteins were identified and quantified in plasma samples. At the onset of HHV-6B encephalitis and asymptomatic reactivation, 20 and 24 proteins, respectively, were significantly upregulated compared to their respective pre-onset levels. Of these, 11 proteins were uniquely upregulated in HHV-6B encephalitis. S100-A9 and S100-A8 were the most and second-most upregulated proteins in HHV-6B encephalitis, respectively. Elevated plasma S100A8/A9 heterodimer levels were confirmed via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in three of the four patients with HHV-6B encephalitis. Pathway analysis identified neutrophil degranulation as the most enriched category among upregulated proteins in HHV-6B encephalitis. Additionally, proteins related to the protein-lipid complex remodeling pathway were more prominently upregulated in HHV-6B encephalitis than in asymptomatic reactivation. Proteomic analysis revealed distinct plasma protein profiles between HHV-6B encephalitis and asymptomatic HHV-6B reactivation in pediatric UCBT recipients. The inflammatory response mediated by S100A8/A9 proteins may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of HHV-6B encephalitis. These findings indicate that proteomic analysis may provide novel insights into the host response to HHV-6B reactivation and the subsequent development of HHV-6B encephalitis.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"97 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143674212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology and Demographic Trends of Severe Fever With Thrombocytopenia Syndrome in Shandong Province From 2015 to 2022: A Comprehensive Analysis","authors":"Wang Yao,&nbsp;Kou Zengqiang,&nbsp;Pang Bo,&nbsp;Tian Xueying,&nbsp;Wen Hongling","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70316","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jmv.70316","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study aimed to provide a comprehensive description of the prevalence and distribution of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) cases in Shandong province, the region most severely affected by the SFTS epidemic globally, from multiple perspectives. From 2015 to 2022, Shandong province reported 5624 cases of SFTS, with a confirmation rate rising from 71.29% to 91.87% and an incidence rate increasing from 0.51 to 0.99 per 100 000. The case fatality rate (CFR) fluctuated, peaking at 12.34% in 2019 and dipping to 7.14% in 2016. Most cases were concentrated in the central region and Jiaodong Peninsula, with Yantai, Weihai, and Jinan accounting for 67.89% of total cases. SFTS incidence peaked from April to October, with cases rising from 498 in 2015 to 1009 in 2022, transitioning from a bimodal to a unimodal distribution. Male mortality averaged 10.32% and female mortality averaged 7.81%, significantly increasing with age, especially in the 70–79 (13.30%) and over-80 (13.76%) groups. Notably, the proportion of cases in the 70–79 age group has been increasing year by year. The absolute increase in cases among farmers was the largest, while the highest growth rate was observed in household/unemployed individuals. These findings highlight the need to reevaluate our strategies for addressing previously identified high-risk populations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"97 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infection of Neuronal Cells by Severe Case Enterovirus A71 Enhances NF-κB Activity and Increases NF-κB Related Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines","authors":"Chun-Yu Shen,&nbsp;Dayna Cheng,&nbsp;Chih-Han Hsueh,&nbsp;Jhen-Wei Ruan,&nbsp;Jen-Ren Wang","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70308","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jmv.70308","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) is the main pathogen of hand-foot-and-mouth disease and sometimes causes neurological disease complications in severe cases. The most recent large EV-A71 outbreak in Taiwan occurred in 2012. We aimed to investigate the gene expression profile of human neuroblastoma cells infected with mild and severe case EV-A71 isolates. EV-A71-infected SK-N-SH cells were sent for RNA sequencing using Illumina Hiseq. Functional gene analysis, qRT-PCR, and luciferase reporter assay were used to investigate the findings obtained from RNA-seq analysis. Expression profile analysis identified 59 significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between mild and severe case EV-A71 infection. Gene ontology analysis showed that most of the genes were involved in the regulation of transcription. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis also showed that the DEGs were mainly enriched in the tumor necrosis factor and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling. We found that EV-A71 may affect neurons to enhance the disease severity by mediating pro-inflammatory cytokines through NF-κB signaling. Additionally, infection with severe case EV-A71 enhances NF-κB activity, increases pro-inflammatory cytokines, and reduces cell survival. These results indicate that possible pathogenic mechanisms that were linked to the neuropathogenesis of EV-A71 infection and the above genes might be potential biomarkers or antiviral targets for the prevention of neuronal complications in severe EV-A71 infections in the future.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"97 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remdesivir for the Treatment of Human Coronavirus OC43 Encephalitis","authors":"Jacques Fourgeaud,&nbsp;Pascal Turlure,&nbsp;Marine Dupont,&nbsp;Nicolas Veyrenche,&nbsp;Clémence Busquet,&nbsp;Sophie Alain,&nbsp;Marianne Leruez-Ville,&nbsp;Nolwenn M. Dheilly,&nbsp;Pierre Frange","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70314","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jmv.70314","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43) is predominantly associated with mild respiratory infections. HCoV-OC43 also has neuroinvasive properties, and severe encephalitis has been described in immunocompromised patients, with fatal outcomes due to the lack of specific antiviral treatment. We report a case of severe febrile encephalitis attributed to HCoV-OC43 that progressively worsened over 3 months in a 65-year-old immunocompromised man. Clinical symptoms improved remarkably after treatment with remdesivir, with an increase of the Glasgow Coma Score from 8 to 14 within 7 days.</p>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"97 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11923506/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lipid Peroxidation and Glutathione Levels Among People Living With HIV Co-infected With Human Coronaviruses in Ghana","authors":"Esimebia Adjovi Amegashie,&nbsp;Caleb Koranteng Kwayisi-Darkwah,&nbsp;Mildred Adusei-Poku,&nbsp;Ruth Oyawole Sikeola,&nbsp;Lawrencia Ami Emefa Ativi,&nbsp;Abigail Ahene,&nbsp;Gabriel Atampugbire,&nbsp;Emmanuel Ayitey Tagoe,&nbsp;Elijah Paintsil,&nbsp;Kwasi Torpey,&nbsp;Osbourne Quaye","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70301","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jmv.70301","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and human coronaviruses (hCoVs) pose two different threats to human health, globally. Oxidative stress is induced during infection by both HIV and hCoVs and contributes to disease severity. The study aims to determine the oxidative stress marker, malondialdehyde (MDA), and antioxidant, glutathione (GSH), levels among PLWH co-infected with human coronaviruses (HIV+/hCoVs+) in Ghana. This is a prospective cross-sectional study that recruited 300 PLWH at three hospitals in Ghana. RNA extraction and PCR were carried out on naso- and oro-pharyngeal swabs taken from three groups of participants: HIV+/hCoVs+, HIV ART-experienced individuals who tested negative for hCoVs (HIV+/hCoVs-), and HIV-negative individuals who tested negative for hCoVS (HIV-/hCoVs-). MDA and GSH levels were determined in the participants using plasma samples. MDA levels of HIV+/hCoVs+ were significantly higher than that of HIV+/hCoVs- and HIV-/hCoVs- <i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001. Reduced GSH levels among the HIV+/hCoVs+ was significantly lower than that of HIV+/hCoVs-, but significantly higher than that of HIV-/hCoVs-. Age group 51+ years showed an increased MDA levels among the HIV+/hCoVs+ group compared to the mono-infected and control group. Among the co-infected HIV+/hCoVs+ group, Abacavir + Lamivudine + Dolutegravir (A + L + D) usage had significantly higher MDA levels than those on Tenoforvir-disoproxil + Lamivudine + Dolutegravir, and there was an association between MDA and GSH levels among those on ART for 1–2 years compared to &gt; 5 years. The study underscores the significant influence of HIV co-infection with human coronaviruses on oxidative stress, emphasizing the need for tailored monitoring and treatment strategies for Ghanaian patients.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"97 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Susceptibility to Lenacapavir Among Newly Diagnosed HIV-Positive Patients Followed Up in Mozambique That Presented With Primary Antiretroviral Resistance to Other Classes","authors":"Cruz S. Sebastião,&nbsp;Jamila Bathy,&nbsp;Tacilta Nhampossa,&nbsp;André Santos,&nbsp;Mafalda Miranda,&nbsp;Neusa Magode Manhiça,&nbsp;Rubão Bila,&nbsp;Delfino Vubil,&nbsp;Sofia Seabra,&nbsp;Maria Rosário O. Martins,&nbsp;Marta Giovanetti,&nbsp;Perpetua Gomes,&nbsp;Marta Pingarilho,&nbsp;Ana B. Abecasis,&nbsp;Victor Pimentel","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70317","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jmv.70317","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Multidrug-resistant HIV patients have limited ART options. Lenacapavir (LEN) is a capsid inhibitor that exhibits substantial antiviral activity in patients with therapeutic failure but is also proposed for PrEP. Herein, we assessed LEN susceptibility among ART-naive HIV patients with drug resistance in Mozambique. In this study, 63 patients with DRM against PIs, NRTIs, NNRTIs, and INSTIs were included. The gag (p24) and env fragments were amplified with a low-cost in-house protocol and sequenced with nanopore. HIVDR database from Stanford University was used to assess LEN resistance and geno2pheno to assess viral tropism and protease/maturation inhibitor-associated mutations. A total of 59 patients were successfully sequenced. About 29% had DRMs to PIs, 5% to NRTI, 83% to NNRTI, and 2% to INSTI. No DRMs to LEN were detected. Additionally, 42% of the sequences presented protease/maturation inhibitor-associated mutations. A relationship was observed between the E138A/G mutation and protease/maturation inhibitors (<i>p</i> = 0.004). We identified changes at the first codon position of position 56 of the p24 <i>gag</i> gene, which represents a key site for resistance to LEN. Also, codon 66 was highly conserved. Our results support the potential effectiveness of lenacapavir as a PrEP regimen or rescue therapy for patients with at least one drug-resistance mutation.</p>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"97 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11923580/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reflections Regarding Validation of New HPV Tests With Reduced HPV Genotypes: Report From an IARC Expert Consultation","authors":"Arianis Tatiana Ramírez,&nbsp;Gary M. Clifford,&nbsp;Joakim Dillner,&nbsp;Louise Kuhn,&nbsp;Marc Arbyn,&nbsp;Neerja Bhatla,&nbsp;Nicolas Wentzensen,&nbsp;Peter Sasien,&nbsp;Priya Abraham,&nbsp;Mary Luz Rol,&nbsp;Maribel Almonte,&nbsp;Partha Basu","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70310","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jmv.70310","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of the 12 HPV genotypes classified as carcinogenic to humans (Group 1), over 95% of HPV-positive cervical cancers are linked to eight genotypes (HPV16/18/31/33/35/45/52/58). Screening programmes may consider HPV tests incorporating only these genotypes to improve screening efficiency and reduce programmatic costs. Validation of such tests requires fine-tuning of existing criteria. An expert group convened by the International Agency for Research on Cancer discussed how existing criteria by Meijer et al. for HPV screening clinical validation should be adapted to evaluate new reduced-valency HPV tests. Experts identified four key criteria: (1) Clinical performance criteria should meet WHO HPV test Target Product Profiles (TPP) minimal standards with high relative sensitivity ( ≥ 0.90 for CIN2+ and ≥ 0.95 for CIN3+) and relative specificity ( ≥ 0.98 for ≤ CIN1) to detect CIN2/3+ lesions associated with types targeted by the test, as established by a comparator test providing information on the presence of the targeted genotypes; (2) Comparator tests should be clinically validated according to Meijer criteria principles for comparator tests, and should offer HPV genotyping to detect at least the types included in the reduced-valency test; (3) Cervical samples should be representative of a population-based screening programme; (4) Intra- and inter-laboratory reproducibility should adhere to Meijer criteria and, preferentially also the more stringent TPP. As the global HPV type distribution in cervical cancer is well known, a future evaluation strategy may consider including both virological and simplified clinical standards. The consultation highlights essential criteria building on existing clinical accuracy standards, enriched with analytical standards. These criteria will be instrumental in ensuring both accuracy and reliability of new reduced-valency HPV tests for cervical cancer screening highly needed to assure 70% coverage aim of cervical cancer elimination.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"97 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HBV Recurrence Detected by HBV-Related Serum Markers and Immune Escape Mutations in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients Following Liver Transplantation","authors":"Chien-Ming Chiang,&nbsp;Yih-Jyh Lin,&nbsp;Wen-Chun Liu,&nbsp;Tsung-Ching Chou,&nbsp;Chih-Hsuan Tsai,&nbsp;Ting-Tsung Chang,&nbsp;I-Chin Wu","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70306","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jmv.70306","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The posttransplantation recurrence rate of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is underestimated and linked with unfavorable outcomes. We investigated HBV recurrence by serum assays in patients with CHB following liver transplantation. We enrolled patients with CHB who underwent liver transplantation between March 2001 and July 2021 to participate in cross-sectional testing for HBV-related serum markers, including biochemical analysis for HBsAg and hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg) and real-time RT-PCR/PCR for HBV RNA and HBV DNA, in 2022. HBV recurrence in this study was defined as positive results of at least one posttransplantation HBV-related serum markers. Next-generation sequencing was performed for those with posttransplantation virological breakthroughs. Ninety-six patients with CHB who underwent liver transplantation were enrolled. Among 84 patients who received grafts negative for HBsAg, 41 (48.8%) exhibited HBV recurrence, and they tested positive for either HBsAg or HBcrAg, or both. High-risk patients, identified using a risk stratification model, had a higher likelihood of recurrence than low-risk patients (odds ratio: 2.59, 95% confidence interval: 1.06–6.35, <i>p</i> = 0.038). In 51 patients who tested negative for HBsAg after receiving HBsAg-negative grafts, 8 (15.7%) had positive HBcrAg, indicating occult HBV infection (OBI). We identified immune escape mutations and altered N-glycosylation patterns on the surface protein in patients experiencing virological breakthroughs following lamivudine resistance. HBsAg plus HBcrAg levels can be used to detect posttransplantation HBV recurrence. The OBI prevalence was higher in patients transplanted with HBsAg-negative liver grafts compared to blood donors, vaccinated young population, and community-based populations reported in literatures, possibly because of immune escape mutations or altered N-glycosylation patterns of surface proteins.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"97 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}