Journal of Medical Virology最新文献

{"title":"Monkeypox Virus Is Inhibited by Nucleoside Analogues Including the Acyclic Phosphonates Adefovir and Tenofovir In Vitro","authors":"Jasper Lee,&nbsp;Huanchun Zhang,&nbsp;Emerson Ailidh Boggs,&nbsp;Jesse Kilcullen,&nbsp;Margaret Moriarty,&nbsp;Yuhong Du,&nbsp;Haian Fu,&nbsp;Shuiyun Lan,&nbsp;Christina L. Hutson,&nbsp;Panayampalli S. Satheshkumar,&nbsp;Philip R. Tedbury,&nbsp;Stefan G. Sarafianos","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.70669","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mpox, caused by the orthopoxvirus monkeypox virus (MPXV), has garnered worldwide attention during a global outbreak in 2022 and in an ongoing outbreak in Central Africa. Because of drug resistance and toxicity risks with current antiviral treatments, there is still a need for additional antivirals to treat mpox and other orthopoxvirus diseases. We developed in vitro screening assays using recombinant strains of vaccinia virus and MPXV to measure the antiviral potency of compounds, finding that adefovir dipivoxil and tenofovir alafenamide had potent anti-orthopoxvirus activity and low toxicity. These data reinforce interest in repurposing nucleoside analogues as antivirals to treat poxvirus infections and provide a basis for high throughput screening and mechanistic and antiviral resistance studies.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"97 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145367160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Valganciclovir Underdosing Is Associated With Cytomegalovirus DNAemia During Universal Prophylaxis: A Real-Life Case Control Retrospective Study","authors":"Pierre-Antonin Rigon,&nbsp;Justine Solignac,&nbsp;Christine Zandotti,&nbsp;Marion Gully,&nbsp;Philippe Brunet,&nbsp;Noémie Resseguier,&nbsp;Tristan Legris,&nbsp;Valérie Moal","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70666","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jmv.70666","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Universal prophylaxis or a preemptive strategy with valganciclovir (VGCV) is recommended for prevention of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections after kidney transplantation. We combined both strategies during the first 3 months post-transplantation. The objectives were to define the incidence of CMV DNAemia and identify the associated factors during universal prophylaxis in a retrospective monocentric case-control study. Cases presenting CMV DNAemia during the first 3 months post-transplantation were matched to four controls each regarding sex, age, donor and recipient CMV serostatus, and induction treatment. We collected the rates of visits with VGCV underdosing, comparing the adjusted daily dosage to the kidney function and the received daily dosage. Despite prophylaxis, the incidence of CMV DNAemia was 5.1% between 2017 and 2020 in 300 patients. Rates of visits with VGCV underdosing during follow-up were significantly higher in the cases group than in the controls group. In the cases group, the rate was higher when using estimated creatinine clearance rather than estimated glomerular filtration rate. VGCV underdosing was the only factor associated with CMV DNAemia in the multivariate analysis (OR: 1.04 95% CI: 1.011–1.061, <i>p</i> = 0.003), regardless of the formula used to estimate kidney function. Resistance to GCV was observed in 4 out of 15 cases, two of which had VGCV underdosing. In our study, CMV DNAemia was associated with VGCV underdosing that could be related to the absence of systematic adjustment during post-transplantation follow-up or to the use of inadequate kidney function assessment formulas to adjust VGCV dosages.</p>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"97 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jmv.70666","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145354769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TTV Species Diversity as a Novel Biomarker of Immune Dysregulation in Aging","authors":"Federica Novazzi,&nbsp;Pietro Giorgio Spezia,&nbsp;Francesca Drago Ferrante,&nbsp;Angelo Paolo Genoni,&nbsp;Paolo Antonio Grossi,&nbsp;Nicasio Mancini,&nbsp;Marco Malavolta,&nbsp;Marta Ballietti,&nbsp;Francesco Piacenza,&nbsp;Serena Marcozzi,&nbsp;Carlo Fortunato,&nbsp;Gretta Veronica Badillo Pazmay,&nbsp;Laura Cianfruglia,&nbsp;Alexander Bürkle,&nbsp;María Moreno-Villanueva,&nbsp;Martijn E. T. Dollé,&nbsp;Eugène Jansen,&nbsp;Tilman Grune,&nbsp;Efstathios S. Gonos,&nbsp;Claudio Franceschi,&nbsp;Miriam Capri,&nbsp;Michele Zampieri,&nbsp;Paola Caiafa,&nbsp;Fabio Ciccarone,&nbsp;Anna Reale,&nbsp;Birgit Weinberger,&nbsp;Ewa Sikora,&nbsp;Florence Debacq-Chainiaux,&nbsp;Wolfgang Stuetz,&nbsp;Mikko Hurme,&nbsp;P. Eline Slagboom,&nbsp;Jürgen Bernhardt,&nbsp;Fabiola Olivieri,&nbsp;Fabio Filippini,&nbsp;Fabrizio Maggi,&nbsp;Robertina Giacconi","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.70656","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Torquetenovirus (TTV) is a prevalent virus whose clinical significance remains unclear, potentially linked to immunosenescence. This study examines TTV species in relation to immune impairment, inflammation, and cellular stress response in aging. A subset of recruited age-stratified individuals (RASIG) from the MARK-AGE study was divided into three groups: Cohort 1 A (healthy young adults), Cohort 1B (older adults with mild immune decline), and Cohort 1 C (older adults with marked immune impairment). Analyses included TTV load, species diversity, lymphocyte subpopulations, inflammatory markers, Poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP-1) expression/activity. Alpha- and beta-diversity analyses showed the highest TTV species diversity in Cohort 1 C, with significant cohort-dependent differences and partially cohort-specific clustering patterns. Increased TTV species number correlated with higher TTV load, elevated CMV IgG levels, and greater immune impairment risk. Specific TTV species were associated with CD4/CD8, and reduced T-cell receptor excision circles, suggesting impaired T-cell homeostasis. TTV viremia positively correlated with C-reactive protein (CRP) and α2-macroglobulin. PARP-1 expression and activity increased in individuals with higher TTV diversity, particularly in the presence of TTV9 and TTV20. TTV load and species diversity are associated with immunosenescence, inflammation, and PARP-1 activation suggesting their potential as biomarkers of age-related immune decline. Longitudinal studies are needed to clarify underlying mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"97 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jmv.70656","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145341647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Viral Epidemiology and Etiology of Acute Respiratory Infections Among Hospitalized Pediatric Patients in Macao Across the Pre-, Peri-, and Post-COVID-19 Era","authors":"Cho Ian Wong,&nbsp;Yu Zheng,&nbsp;Yan Chen,&nbsp;Yun Ting Tsai,&nbsp;Carolina Oi Lam Ung,&nbsp;Menghuan Song,&nbsp;Cheng Lei","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.70664","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) constitute a major cause of pediatric morbidity. Their epidemiological patterns have been significantly altered across COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to comparatively analyze the epidemiology and viral etiology of ARIs in pediatric inpatients across the pre-, peri-, and post-COVID-19 eras. This retrospective study analyzed electronic health records of patients aged 13 years or younger who were admitted to Kiang Wu Hospital with an ARI diagnosis between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2023. A total of 14 712 ARIs cases were included, with 6734 (mean [standard deviation] = 281 ± 49/month), 4382 (125 ± 81/month), and 3596 cases (275 ± 143/month) from the pre-, peri-, and post-COVID-19 eras, respectively. Toddlers consistently dominated across all periods, while preschool and school-aged cases declined during the peri-pandemic and rebounded post-pandemic. Variation was in epidemiological shifts among different viral pathogens. Specifically, the peak infection rate of Influenza virus A was 8.9%–11.3% (January–February) in pre-COVID and 12.8%–19.1% (April, September–October) in the post-COVID-19 era, while mostly 0.0% during the peri-pandemic. Respiratory syncytial virus demonstrated a marked seasonality shift from pre-pandemic autumn-winter peaks (August–September: 21.7%–28.0%; December–January: 12.3%–23.7%) to an unprecedented autumn surge (61.2%) during the peri-pandemic, followed by an amplified spring epidemic (49.6%) during the post-pandemic era. Human metapneumovirus experienced a 3-month phase delay in peak activity (pre-pandemic era: March–April, and post-pandemic era: June–July). The study revealed rising viral prevalence, contrasting with U-shaped hospitalization trends, with seasonal and viral differences suggesting varied non-pharmaceutical intervention susceptibility. Shifts toward older children and changing co-infection patterns highlight the need for adaptive surveillance and response systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"97 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145341649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation of a Multiplex PCR Amplification System Combined With Next-Generation Genome Sequencing to Decipher the Circulation of Human Coronavirus 229E Lineages in Southern France","authors":"Houmadi Hikmat,&nbsp;Justine Py,&nbsp;Céline Boschi,&nbsp;Emilie Burel,&nbsp;Lorlane Le Targa,&nbsp;Matthieu Million,&nbsp;Lucile Lesage,&nbsp;Aurélie Morand,&nbsp;Bernard La Scola,&nbsp;Philippe Colson","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.70653","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Coronaviruses rapidly evolve and are prone to new virus emergence. Human coronavirus (HCoV)−229E is one of the seven coronaviruses (aside HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-NL63, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2) causing respiratory infections in humans. Genomic data are very scarce for this virus. We implemented an in-house multiplex PCR strategy to amplify HCoV-229E genomes from nasopharyngeal samples, before next-generation sequencing using Nanopore or Illumina technologies. HCoV-229E genomes were assembled and analyzed using MAFFT, MEGA, Itol, Nexstrain, and Nextclade softwares. Thirty-one PCR primer pairs designed to amplify HCoV-229E genome overlapping fragments allowed obtaining 123 genomes classified in an emerging HCoV-229E lineage first reported in China, with two sublineages being delineated. Relatively to genome NC_002645.1 (2001), regarding nucleotide mutations, 1167 substitutions, 72 insertions, and 34 deletions were detected, while regarding amino acid mutations, 415 susbstitutions, 39 deletions, and 14 amino acid insertions were detected. Genes with the greatest diversity were the spike protein-encoding gene, then Nsp3. The two sublineages harbored signature mutations. We almost doubled the HCoV-229E genome set available worldwide and provided the first French genomes. Further studies are needed to strengthen knowledge about this virus′ phylogenomics and evolutionary dynamics, which may purvey clues to contribute improving coronavirus knowledge.</p>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"97 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jmv.70653","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145341652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) in an Italian Pediatric Cohort: Genomic Analysis and Circulation Pattern in the Season 2022–2023","authors":"Alessia Lai,&nbsp;Annalisa Bergna,&nbsp;Valentina Fabiano,&nbsp;Carla della Ventura,&nbsp;Hanin Chmes,&nbsp;Alice Romero,&nbsp;Martina Loiodice,&nbsp;Angela Maria Dolores Boria,&nbsp;Alessandro Campagnoli,&nbsp;Felicia Stefania Falvella,&nbsp;Alberto Dolci,&nbsp;Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti,&nbsp;Gianguglielmo Zehender","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.70660","url":null,"abstract":"<p>There is growing interest in the molecular surveillance of the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and data concerning the virus molecular epidemiology in high-risk pediatric patients in Italy are still limited. A total of 127 RSV-positive swabs collected in 2022–2023 season were analyzed. Whole genomes were obtained by next-generation sequencing and used for phylogenetic and phylodynamic analyses. A large proportion of the subjects had required hospitalization (78%) and age of hospitalized subjects was significantly lower than that of nonhospitalized (69 vs. 129 days; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001). Genomic analysis suggested a significant increase in nucleotide variability in recent samples compared to previous waves and especially in subtype A. Phylogenetic analysis identified 14 and 16 clades including Italian strains in RSV-A and B, respectively. Italian strains tended to group together forming monophyletic groups, 9 in RSV-A and 13 in RSV-B, probably representing local chains of transmission. A few of those pure Italian subclades began in 21–22 wave and persisted for more than 1 year. For both subtypes the skyline plot showed two peaks in transmissions, the first between 2017 and 2019, followed by a temporary reduction in 2021 coinciding with the widespread use of control measures against COVID-19 and the second at the beginning of 2023. Accordingly, the Re estimates showed fluctuating values. This study suggests that the large circulation of RSV following pandemic restrictions is partly due to the introduction of viral strains already circulating across Europe, and partly to strains that persist in our region from one season to the next.</p>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"97 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jmv.70660","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145341654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rebound of Respiratory Virus Activity and Seasonality to Pre-Pandemic Patterns","authors":"Rainer Gosert,&nbsp;Klaudia Naegele,&nbsp;Marvin Weiss,&nbsp;Roland Bingisser,&nbsp;Christian H. Nickel,&nbsp;Jakob Meyer,&nbsp;Martin Siegemund,&nbsp;Stefano Bassetti,&nbsp;Sarah Dräger,&nbsp;Christoph T. Berger,&nbsp;Fabian Franzek,&nbsp;Ulrich Heininger,&nbsp;Julia Bielicki,&nbsp;Hans H. Hirsch,&nbsp;Peter M. Keller,&nbsp;Maja Weisser,&nbsp;Nina Khanna,&nbsp;Sarah Tschudin-Sutter,&nbsp;Karoline Leuzinger","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.70658","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and the implementation of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) profoundly disrupted the transmission dynamics of respiratory viruses, altering their epidemiology and seasonality. However, comprehensive long-term data on these shifts and their post-pandemic implications remain limited. This study analyzed syndromic multiplex panel testing data from 83′823 respiratory specimens collected from 56,519 patients with respiratory tract infections (RTIs) at two tertiary care centers in northwestern Switzerland to systematically assess changes in respiratory virus circulation, seasonality, age distribution, and disease burden across pre-pandemic (2010–2019), pandemic (2019–2022), and post-pandemic (2022–2024) periods. Pre-pandemic, influenza virus (IV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human coronavirus (HCoV), human metapneumovirus (hMPV), and human parainfluenza virus (HPIV) followed distinct seasonal patterns. During the pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 replaced these viruses, leading to a 70–90% decline in their activity (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), while rhinovirus/enterovirus and adenovirus were less affected. After NPIs were lifted, substantial off-season activity with markedly higher case numbers and more hospitalizations, especially among pediatric patients, occurred for IV-A/B, RSV, and atypical bacteria. In post pandemic years, virus-specific seasonality is rebounding, with patterns resembling those seen pre-pandemic. However, higher case numbers, increased hospitalizations, and sustained shifts in age distribution persist. The COVID-19 panemic significantly impacted the etiology, seasonality, and age distribution of RTIs. As NPIs were eased, susceptibility to RTIs, particularly among pediatric patients, increased, resulting in more hospitalizations. While post-pandemic periods show a return to pre-pandemic activity patterns, ongoing monitoring is essential to anticipate shifts in respiratory virus dynamics as immunity levels and virus characteristics evolve.</p>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"97 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jmv.70658","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145341839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sexual Dimorphism in Systemic Inflammatory Responses to Femur Fracture in Mice Infected With SARS-CoV-2-Like Virus","authors":"Matthew D. Patrick,&nbsp;Austin Foster,&nbsp;Arun Aneja,&nbsp;Ramkumar T. Annamalai","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.70654","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Patients with femur fractures who are concurrently infected with COVID-19 face a threefold increase in mortality, likely due to a compounded inflammatory response. Furthermore, sex-specific differences in immune responses to COVID-19 are well documented, implicating biological sex as a factor that can modulate disease severity in these comorbid conditions. Understanding the inflammatory interplay underlying this association is critical for the development of effective, targeted therapies to mitigate mortality. In this study, we investigated the systemic, sex-specific inflammatory response in mice that sustain a fracture while infected with a murine coronavirus (MHV), which belongs to the same genus as SARS-CoV-2. The combined inflammatory insults of MHV infection and fracture (MHV + FX) disrupted systemic immunity in both females and males, producing immune dysregulation characterized by altered cell recruitment and a perturbed inflammatory cascade. In the MHV + FX group, females showed recovery toward a cytotoxic T cell dominant profile by Day 7, whereas males exhibited persistent cytotoxic T cell suppression with relatively higher T helper cells. Cytokine patterns were also sexually dimorphic: females displayed sustained increases in IL-18 and TNF-α in the MHV + FX group alone, whereas males showed distinct modulation of IL-2/IL-2R and transient changes in chemokines such as CCL7 and IL-4 in both the MHV and MHV + FX groups. Notably, these differences were minimal or moderate in control or fracture alone groups. Our findings indicate that sex-divergent immune programs under a dual viral-trauma insult, marked by cytotoxic vs helper T-cell biases and distinct cytokine signatures, help explain the heightened risk when COVID-19 and fractures coincide. These insights support sex-aware immunomodulatory strategies to improve outcomes for COVID-19 patients with musculoskeletal trauma.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"97 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145341648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association of RNase L, Cytokines, and Chemokines With Severity of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children","authors":"Ting-Yu Yen,&nbsp;Chia-Lang Hsu,&nbsp;Chun-Yi Lu,&nbsp;Ni-Chung Lee,&nbsp;Ming-Tai Lin,&nbsp;Kuan-Ying Arthur Huang,&nbsp;Boon Fatt Tan,&nbsp;Tu-Hsuan Chang,&nbsp;Chun-Min Kang,&nbsp;Wei-Shiung Yang,&nbsp;Bor-Luen Chiang,&nbsp;Li-Min Huang,&nbsp;Hsin-Hui Yu,&nbsp;Luan-Yin Chang","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70650","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jmv.70650","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The 2′,5′-oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS)-ribonuclease L (RNase L) system, induced by type I interferons, defends against RNA viruses. Inborn errors in this pathway may trigger inflammatory cytokines, contributing to SARS-CoV-2-related multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). This study examined circulating RNase L, cytokines, and chemokines in MIS-C. A prospective multicenter cohort study conducted in Taiwan from 2022 to 2023 recruited children with MIS-C, age- and gender-matched children with mild COVID-19, and healthy controls. Plasma cytokines, chemokines, and RNase L levels were measured, and clinical severity was analyzed. Among 108 children (63 boys and 45 girls), cytokine and chemokine levels positively correlated with disease severity, while RNase L levels were negatively correlated. IL-17A &gt; 8.9 pg/mL and RNase L &lt; 3.6 μg/mL differentiated MIS-C from mild COVID-19 (83% sensitivity, 94% specificity). CXCL9/MIG &gt; 1129 pg/mL and RNase L &lt; 2.8 μg/mL distinguished MIS-C patients with and without shock (79% sensitivity, 91% specificity). Findings reveal a systemic inflammatory signature in MIS-C, with pro-inflammatory, T cell activation, regulatory, and anti-inflammatory responses. Elevated IL-17A and CXCL9/MIG and decreased RNase L levels serve as sensitive biomarkers of MIS-C and disease severity.</p>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"97 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jmv.70650","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145345725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Varicella-Zoster Virus-Specific Cell-Mediated Immune Response Kinetics and Latent Viral Load Depending on Aging","authors":"Hyo-Ju Son,&nbsp;Seung-Beom Kim,&nbsp;Ji-Soo Kwon,&nbsp;Kyung Hwa Jung,&nbsp;Sang-Oh Lee,&nbsp;Sung-Han Kim","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70651","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jmv.70651","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Herpes zoster (HZ), an infection caused by varicella-zoster virus (VZV) reactivation, results from an age-related decline in VZV-specific cell-mediated immunity (CMI). Digital droplet PCR (ddPCR) precisely quantifies latent VZV DNA in the blood, a potential biomarker of subclinical viral reactivation and its association with HZ risk. This study assessed VZV-specific CMI, latent viral burden, and humoral immunity in healthy adults according to age. We prospectively enrolled healthy adults aged between 40 and 80 years between February and April 2024. VZV-specific CMI was quantified using interferon-gamma enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assay, latent VZV DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells using ddPCR, and VZV-specific IgG using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. VZV-specific CMI declined significantly from age 40 (<i>r</i> = −0.356, <i>p</i> = 0.001). Latent VZV burden increased from age 50 (<i>r</i> = 0.459, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). VZV-specific antibody levels showed no significant association with age (<i>r</i> = 0.004, <i>p</i> = 0.967). VZV-specific T cell responses were lower in ddPCR-positive compared with ddPCR-negative individuals (<i>p</i> = 0.095), although the difference was not statistically significant. VZV-specific CMI declined from age 40, while latent viral load increased from age 50. Our findings suggest that ddPCR-based quantification of latent VZV DNA may serve as a biomarker of subclinical viral reactivation, potentially informing HZ risk stratification and vaccination strategies. Further studies are required to validate the predictive value of ddPCR in identifying individuals at high risk of developing HZ.</p>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"97 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12538380/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145337160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}