Journal of Medical Virology最新文献

{"title":"Molecular Analysis of Coxsackievirus B2 Associated With Severe Symptoms of the Central Nervous System","authors":"Ilana S. Fratty,&nbsp;Or Kriger,&nbsp;Leah Weiss,&nbsp;Rinat Vasserman,&nbsp;Reut Gabai,&nbsp;Oran Erster,&nbsp;Neta S. Zuckerman,&nbsp;Aharona Glatman-Freedman,&nbsp;Yaniv Lustig,&nbsp;Danit Sofer,&nbsp;Merav Weil","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70066","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jmv.70066","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Coxsackievirus B2 (CVB2) is a member of the enterovirus group known to induce a spectrum of illnesses, from mild to severe. In the summer of 2022, an unusual outbreak of enteroviral central nervous system (CNS) infections occurred that was attributed to CVB2. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples collected from patients in 2015–2022 were tested for enterovirus via RT-PCR, followed by Sanger sequencing for positive cases. CVB2 samples were further sequenced in the P1 region using NGS. A total of 30 CSF samples were identified as CVB2, with 60% of these cases occurring between June and August 2022. The 2022 CVB2 variants were associated with severe clinical symptoms, including encephalitis (50%) and ataxia (27.8%). Samples from 2015 to 2020 were also included due to the absence of these symptoms. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that CVB2 strains from 2019 to 2020 were also distinct from those obtained in 2022. Amino acid analysis of the capsid proteins VP1, VP2, and VP3 identified three unique substitutions with potential antigenic significance in the 2022 variant: S67A in VP2, and T93A and E274D in VP1. These substitutions were not present in earlier strains or reported in the literature, suggesting they may influence the virus's virulence. The clinical observations from this study highlight new patterns of CVB2 infection in the CNS that had not been previously observed. Additionally, it identifies unique genetic changes in the 2022 CVB2 variant that may account for the increased virulence seen in the 2022 outbreak. However, further analysis is required to validate this assumption.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"96 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142622163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rhinovirus in pediatric respiratory infections: More than a simple cold","authors":"Antonietta Giannattasio,&nbsp;Marco Maglione,&nbsp;Marco Sarno,&nbsp;Chiara Botti,&nbsp;Ornella Leone,&nbsp;Marcella Contieri,&nbsp;Agnese Sara Ciccarelli,&nbsp;Camilla Calì,&nbsp;Fabio Savoia,&nbsp;Vincenzo Tipo","doi":"10.1002/jmv.29959","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jmv.29959","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"96 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142622184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concerns on a New Varicella Vaccine Introduced in Korea","authors":"Joowon Lee","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70069","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jmv.70069","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"96 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142622003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-Term Infection With a Particular Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Genotype, HPV Subtype, or HPV Genomic Variant Does not Significantly Influence the Clinical Course of Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis","authors":"Daša Gluvajić,&nbsp;Lea Hošnjak,&nbsp;Tomaž Mark Zorec,&nbsp;Nina Gale,&nbsp;Irena Hočevar Boltežar,&nbsp;Mario Poljak","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70060","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jmv.70060","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is caused by human papillomaviruses (HPV) 6 and 11, but the role of their genomic variants in the disease's clinical course is unclear. This study investigated whether long-term persistence of a particular HPV genotype, subtype or genomic variant influences the RRP clinical course. HPV genotyping was performed in paired baseline and follow-up RRP laryngeal tissue specimens of 59 patients. HPV6 and HPV11 genomic variants were determined in paired tissue specimens taken at least 10 years apart in 20 selected patients. HPV was identified in 58/59 patients, most commonly HPV6 (40/58), followed by HPV11 (17/58). The most prevalent HPV genomic variant was HPV11 A2. HPV6 A and HPV6 B1 were most frequent in aggressive RRP. In all patients, identical HPV genomic variants were identified in both paired specimens. RRP results from a long-term infection with the same HPV genomic variant that can be identified decades after disease onset. We report the longest duration of genetically confirmed persistent HPV infection in peer-reviewed literature, during a 44-year interval in a patient with HPB6 B1. This study suggests that infection with a particular HPV genotype, subtype, or genomic variant does not significantly influence the clinical course of RRP.</p>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"96 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jmv.70060","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142622158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simple, direct amplification of RNA-containing paper discs for diagnosing the hepatitis C virus","authors":"Daehyun Chu,&nbsp;Yoon-Hee Oh,&nbsp;Heungsup Sung,&nbsp;Dae-Hyun Ko,&nbsp;Heung-Bum Oh,&nbsp;Sang-Hyun Hwang","doi":"10.1002/jmv.29919","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jmv.29919","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Nucleic acid extraction (NAE) is crucial for molecular diagnostics but presents challenges in point-of-care testing (POCT) and decentralized settings. We developed a streamlined, paper-based NAE method for hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA amplification, suitable for integration into POCT and lab-on-a-chip systems. This method uses Fusion 5 paper discs, completing extraction in under 30 min without centrifugation. The nucleic acids on the disc can be directly used or eluted for amplification. We validated this method's compatibility with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), real-time quantitative PCR (RQ-PCR), and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), demonstrating versatility across amplification platforms. Clinical evaluation (<i>n</i> = 60) showed 100% sensitivity and specificity with a low detection limit of ~10¹ IU/mL. Results matched those from standard HCV RQ-PCR, confirming accuracy. Additionally, incorporating polyethylene glycol (PEG) improves extraction efficiency, eliminating the need for ethanol treatment and washing/drying steps. This modification enhances performance and suitability for field applications. Our paper-based HCV amplification is affordable and user-friendly, making it valuable for decentralized HCV detection and supporting global health initiatives.</p>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"96 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142622187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Distribution of HR-HPV E6/E7 DNA and mRNA by Histological Grade and the Clinical Performance for Detection of Cervical Cancer and Precancer","authors":"Ruoji Pi,&nbsp;Tingyuan Li,&nbsp;Hua Zhang,&nbsp;Hang Zhou,&nbsp;Yuan Yang,&nbsp;Yu Dai,&nbsp;Zeni Wu,&nbsp;Mingyue Jiang,&nbsp;Wen Chen,&nbsp;Lan Zhu","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70026","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jmv.70026","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>High-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) testing, utilizing both DNA and RNA methods, offers enhanced sensitivity compared to cytology for detecting high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2+). Meanwhile, HR-HPV E6 and E7 mRNAs are more likely to differentiate the transient infection from the persistent than DNA. Aptima HPV can not only detect HPV mRNA but also HPV DNA though it is much more efficient at detecting HPV RNA than DNA. Currently, there are few studies on the distribution of HPV E6 and E7 mRNA and DNA in the same individual. It is interesting to compare the clinical performance of the Onclarity and Aptima HPV assays and to assess variations in viral load across different histological grades at both DNA and mRNA levels. The analysis included 1607 women (902 from a cervical cancer screening population and 705 inpatients and outpatients), with cervical cytological samples tested using the Aptima and Onclarity HPV assays. Both assays demonstrated high agreement for HPV types 18/45 and 16. Signal-to-cutoff (S/CO) values and Ct values for various HR-HPV types increased with histological severity from normal tissue to cancer. Notably, HPV18 Ct values exceeded those for HPV16 and 45 in women with ≥ CIN1 lesions but decreased sharply in cancer cases. Across the screening population, both assays showed similar sensitivity and predictive values for detecting CIN2+ lesions. The area under the curve (AUC) for CIN2+ and CIN3+ detection in the study population was robust (CIN2+: 0.880, 0.863; CIN3+: 0.881, 0.863). The DNA level for various HR-HPV types increased with histological severity from normal tissue to cancer, which might impact the performance of Aptima HPV assay. Both assays showed similar sensitivity and predictive values for detecting CIN2+ lesions.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"96 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142622205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological Characteristics of Neuro-Specific Antibodies Following Viral Infections","authors":"Yang Su,&nbsp;Jierui Wang,&nbsp;Yan Ren,&nbsp;Songtao Xu,&nbsp;Yanjun Si,&nbsp;Meng Tang,&nbsp;Yi Li,&nbsp;Minjin Wang","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70050","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jmv.70050","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aims to explore the epidemiological characteristics of neuro-specific antibodies (ns-Ab) induced by different viral infections within the central nervous system (CNS). Additionally, it seeks to compare the autoimmune effects following several typical viral infections in CNS. We conduct a retrospective study to compare and analyze the prevalence trends of ns-Ab in patients with different viral infections. Additionally, evaluate the intensity of CNS inflammatory responses postviral infection by correlating clinical characteristics and laboratory findings, and briefly demonstrate the immune effects in CNS following various viral infections. This study retrospectively collected data from 1037 patients hospitalized with suspected CNS infections. A total of 654 patients (63.1%) were included in the final analysis. A higher proportion of patients with pathogens present in their cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (114 out of 332, 34.3%) tested positive for ns-Ab compared to those without pathogens (70 out of 322, 21.7%) (<i>p</i> = 0.0004). Specifically, the screening rate for ns-Ab in patients with CNS viral infections (83 out of 165, 50.3%) and the prevalence of ns-Ab (27 out of 83, 32.5%) were significantly higher than in those with other pathogen infections (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001 and <i>p</i> = 0.016, respectively). Among these, human herpesvirus 7 (HHV7) patients had the highest detection rate of ns-Ab during the disease course (11 out of 26, 42.3%), but exhibited infection characteristics distinctly different from those of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV1). Viral infections significantly promote the development of autoimmune responses in CNS. The production of ns-Ab and the subsequent autoimmune response vary across different viral infections. There is a strong statistical correlation between HHV7 and the presence of ns-Ab, suggesting that HHV7 may serve as an early indicator of secondary autoimmune response following CNS infections.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"96 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142622010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of COVID-19 on the Prevalence and Drug Resistance of Bacteria Isolated From Bacterial Meningitis Cerebrospinal Fluid in Shandong Province: A Multicenter Retrospective Study","authors":"Chunyan Zhang,&nbsp;Mengyuan Wang,&nbsp;Shuhong Sun,&nbsp;Maoli Yi,&nbsp;Shifu Wang","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70063","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jmv.70063","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our objective was to evaluate the ramifications of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic on the microbial profile and antimicrobial resistance patterns of bacteria isolated from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens of patients with bacterial meningitis. We conducted a retrospective analysis of laboratory results and clinical records about positive CSF cultures reported by the SPARSS network from 2017 to 2023. The study covered three distinct periods: January 2017 to December 2019 (before the COVID-19 pandemic), January 2020 to December 2022 (during the COVID-19 pandemic), and January 2023 to December 2023 (after the COVID-19 pandemic), with a total of 5793 CSF isolates collected. Notably, the proportion of male patients (61.3%) was higher than that of females. After COVID-19, we observed a notable shift in the seasonal peak of CSF pathogens, with a delay of approximately 3 months. Remarkable alterations were evident in both pediatric and adult CSF isolate profiles. In children, the predominant pathogens included coagulase-negative <i>Staphylococcus</i> (CoNS), <i>Streptococcus pneumonia,</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i>. Notably. After COVID-19, there was a significant decrease in the proportion of CoNS (<i>p</i> = 0.0039) and a notable increase in <i>E. coli</i> (<i>p</i> = 0.0067). In adults, the top three pathogens were CoNS, <i>Acinetobacter baumannii,</i> and <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>. After the pandemic, we observed a significant reduction in the prevalence of <i>A. baumannii</i> (<i>p</i> = 0.0059), while the proportions of <i>K. pneumoniae</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, <i>Enterobacter cloacae,</i> and <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> increased significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Additionally, among multidrug-resistant bacteria, the detection rate of carbapenem-resistant <i>E. coli</i> escalated (<i>p</i> = 0.0375). Antimicrobial susceptibility analysis indicated a declining trend in resistance rates for CoNS and <i>A. baumannii</i> to certain antibiotics following the pandemic. Conversely, resistance to imipenem in <i>A. baumannii</i> increased. In conclusion, the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly influenced the composition, antimicrobial resistance patterns, and epidemiological dynamics of CSF-isolated bacteria in Shandong province. To effectively address these changes, ongoing and dynamic surveillance of pathogen trends and antimicrobial resistance rate is essential.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"96 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142622155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Norovirus Genotypes Circulating in NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Scotland, During Winter 2023/2024","authors":"Rachael M. Tomb,&nbsp;Alasdair R. Maclean,&nbsp;Rory N. Gunson","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70061","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jmv.70061","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"96 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142622178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Antigen-Specific Response of NK Cells to SARS-CoV-2 Correlates With KIR2DS4 Expression","authors":"M. O. Ustiuzhanina,&nbsp;A. A. Boyko,&nbsp;J. D. Vavilova,&nbsp;A. E. Siniavin,&nbsp;M. A. Streltsova,&nbsp;I. V. Astrakhantseva,&nbsp;M. S. Drutskaya,&nbsp;D. M. Chudakov,&nbsp;E. I. Kovalenko","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70057","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jmv.70057","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Natural killer (NK) cells play a pivotal role in the immune response against viral infections, including SARS-CoV-2. However, our understanding of memory NK cell responses in the context of SARS-CoV-2 remains limited. To address this, we investigated the memory-like response of NK cells to SARS-CoV-2 peptides, presented by autologous cells. Blood samples from 45 donors underwent analysis for SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies, categorizing them into four groups based on the antibody kind and level. NK cells from SARS-CoV-2-experienced donors demonstrated enhanced degranulation and activation levels, IFNγ production and proliferative potential in response to SARS-CoV-2 peptides. Investigation of highly proliferating NK cells demonstrated the formation of distinct clusters depending on the SARS-CoV-2 peptide supplementation and the donor group. RNA sequencing revealed differential gene expression patterns, highlighting metabolism, protein transport, and immune response genes. Notably, KIR2DS4 expression correlated with enhanced IFNγ production, degranulation and proliferation levels, suggesting a role in SARS-CoV-2 recognition. Collectively, these findings provide detailed insights into antigen-specific NK cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 peptides, indicating potential mechanisms underlying NK cell activation in antiviral immunity.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"96 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142622202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}