Journal of Medical Virology最新文献

{"title":"The antimicrobial protein RNase 7 directly restricts herpes simplex virus infection of human keratinocytes","authors":"Jana Zeitvogel,&nbsp;Katinka Döhner,&nbsp;Ilona Klug,&nbsp;Franziska Rademacher,&nbsp;Regine Gläser,&nbsp;Beate Sodeik,&nbsp;Jürgen Harder,&nbsp;Thomas Werfel","doi":"10.1002/jmv.29942","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jmv.29942","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Approximately 22% of moderately to severely affected atopic dermatitis (AD) patients have a history of eczema herpeticum, a disseminated rash primarily caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). Reduced activity of antimicrobial peptides may contribute to the increased susceptibility of AD patients to HSV-1. We previously demonstrated that the antimicrobial protein RNase 7 limits HSV-1 infection of human keratinocytes by promoting self-DNA sensing. Here, we addressed whether RNase 7 has any effect on HSV-1 infection when infecting keratinocytes without exogenously added costimulatory DNA, and which step(s) of the infection cycle RNase 7 interferes with. We quantified viral gene expression by RT-qPCR and flow cytometry, viral genome replication by qPCR, virucidal effects by plaque titration, and plaque formation and the subcellular localization of incoming HSV-1 particles by microscopy. Recombinant RNase 7 restricted HSV-1 gene expression, genome replication, and plaque formation in human keratinocytes. It decreased HSV-1 immediate-early transcripts independently of the induction of interferon-stimulated genes. Its main effect was on intracellular infection processes and not on extracellular virions or virus binding to cells. RNase 7 reduced the amount of cell-associated capsids and the HSV-1 envelope glycoprotein D at 3 but not at 0.5 h postinfection. Our data show that RNase 7 directly restricts HSV-1 infection of human keratinocytes, possibly by promoting the degradation of incoming HSV-1 particles. This suggests that RNase 7 may limit HSV-1 spread in the skin and that mechanisms that reduce its activity in the lesional skin of AD patients may increase their susceptibility to eczema herpeticum.</p>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"96 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jmv.29942","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142365452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unravel the distinct effects of adiposity at different life stages on COVID-19 susceptibility and severity: A life-course Mendelian randomization study","authors":"Pei Xiao,&nbsp;Chi Li,&nbsp;Jinyi Wu,&nbsp;Jiayuan Dai","doi":"10.1002/jmv.29943","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jmv.29943","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Childhood obesity is widely recognized as a risk factor for numerous health conditions, particularly cardiovascular disease. However, it remains unclear whether childhood adiposity directly affects the risk of COVID-19 in later life. We aimed to investigate the causal effects of early life adiposity on COVID-19 susceptibility and severity. We used genetic instruments from large-scale genome-wide association studies to examine the relationships between birth weight, childhood and adulthood adiposity indicators (including body mass index [BMI], obesity, and body size), and COVID-19 outcomes. Univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were used to obtain the causal estimates. Univariable MR analyses found that childhood BMI and obesity were positively associated with COVID-19 risk and severity in adulthood, however, the significant associations were attenuated to null after further adjusting for adulthood adiposity indicators in multivariable MR analyses. In contrast, our analysis revealed strong evidence of a genetically predicted effect of childhood obesity on COVID-19 hospitalization (OR 1.08, 95% CI: 1.01-1.15, <i>p</i><b> =</b> 2.12E-2), which remained robust even after adjusting for adulthood obesity and potential lifestyle confounders. Our results highlight the importance of promoting healthy weight management throughout life to reduce the risk of COVID-19.</p>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"96 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142365453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influenza outbreak during the surge of SARS-CoV-2 omicron in a metropolitan area from southern Brazil: genomic surveillance","authors":"Vyctoria Malayhka de Abreu Góes Pereira,&nbsp;Juliana Schons Gularte,&nbsp;Meriane Demoliner,&nbsp;Mariana Soares da Silva,&nbsp;Viviane Girardi,&nbsp;Micheli Filippi,&nbsp;Julia Frohlich,&nbsp;Pietra Fink,&nbsp;Alana Witt Hansen,&nbsp;Helena Lage Ferreira,&nbsp;Babak Afrough,&nbsp;Angelika Kritz-Wilson,&nbsp;Fernando Rosado Spilki","doi":"10.1002/jmv.29944","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jmv.29944","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Influenza circulation was significantly affected in 2020–21 by the COVID-19 pandemic. During this time, few influenza cases were recorded. However, in the summer of 2021–22, an increase in atypical influenza cases was observed, leading to the resurgence of influenza in the southernmost state of Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul (RS). The present study aimed to identify the circulation of FLUAV, FLUBV and SARS-CoV-2 and characterize the influenza genomes in respiratory samples using high-throughput sequencing technology (HTS). Respiratory samples (<i>n</i> = 694) from patients in RS were selected between July 2021 and August 2022. The samples were typed using reverse transcriptase real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) and showed 32% (223/694) of the samples to be positive for SARS-CoV-2, 7% for FLUAV (H3) (49/694). FLUBV was not detected. RT-qPCR data also resulted in FLUAV and SARS-CoV-2 co-infections in 1.7% (4/223) of samples tested. Whole genome sequencing of FLUAV produced 15 complete genomes of the H3N2 subtype, phylogenetically classified in the 3C.2a1b.2a.2a.3 subclade and revealing the dominance of viruses in the southern region of Brazil. Mutation analysis identified 72 amino acid substitutions in all genes, highlighting ongoing genetic evolution with potential implications for vaccine effectiveness, viral fitness, and pathogenicity. This study underscores limitations in current surveillance systems, advocating for comprehensive data inclusion to enhance understanding of influenza epidemiology in southern Brazil. These findings contribute valuable insights to inform more effective public health responses and underscore the critical need for continuous genomic surveillance.</p>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"96 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142365451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Difference in hematocrit and plasma albumin levels as an early biomarker of severity and prognosis in patients with severe fever and thrombocytopenia syndrome","authors":"Yao Hao,&nbsp;Jing Sun,&nbsp;Xiaoyi Wang,&nbsp;Qiongle Wu,&nbsp;Wenjie Wang,&nbsp;Aiping Zhang,&nbsp;B. S. Huifen Kuai,&nbsp;Jianghua Yang","doi":"10.1002/jmv.29941","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jmv.29941","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 <p>Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a widespread infectious disease with high mortality. Hence, identifying valuable biomarkers for detecting the early changes in SFTS is crucial. In this study, we investigated the relationship between the difference in hematocrit (HCT) and serum albumin (ALB) levels (HCT-ALB) and the prognosis of patients with SFTS virus infection. After excluding the patients who did not meet the SFTS diagnostic criteria, those with SFTS from the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College were divided into a fatal and Nonfatal group based on their disease prognosis. A dynamic analysis of the daily laboratory data was conducted for 14 days following SFTS onset. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the predictive value of HCT-ALB. Another sample of patients with SFTS admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University was utilized to verify the study conclusions. A total of 158 patients with SFTS were included. Among them, 126 patients were categorized in the Nonfatal group and 32 in the fatal group, leading to a mortality rate of 20.25% (32/158). Univariate analysis of the laboratory test findings and ROC curve analysis showed that alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), HCT-ALB, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) had a relatively better ability to discriminate the disease condition of the patients with SFTS. Moreover, HCT-ALB served as a predictor of SFTS prognosis. Additionally, an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.777 and a critical HCT-ALB value of 4.75 on day 7 were associated with a sensitivity of 83.3% and a specificity of 73.9%. On day 8 (AUC = 0.882), the critical value of HCT-ALB was 9.25, while the sensitivity was 100% and specificity was 76.5%. Further verification based on the data of 91 patients with SFTS admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University demonstrated a mortality rate of 51% (24/47) among those with HCT-ALB values &gt;4.75 on day 7 of the disease course, highlighting the potential of the HCT-ALB value of &gt;4.75 for predicting SFTS prognosis. High HCT-ALB values are closely related to the mortality of patients with SFTS. HCT-ALB is a sensitive and independent predictor of early disease in patients with SFTS.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"96 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142348402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comments on “High efficacy of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (B/F/TAF) in Black adults in the United States, including those with pre-existing HIV resistance and suboptimal adherence”","authors":"Enagnon Kazali Alidjinou","doi":"10.1002/jmv.29950","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jmv.29950","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"96 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142348401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A1-reactive astrocytes and IFNAR signaling collectively induce neuronal cell death during infection of IFNAR1−/− mice by severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus","authors":"Morgan Brisse,&nbsp;Hinh Ly","doi":"10.1002/jmv.29949","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jmv.29949","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is caused by the SFTS virus (SFTSV), a bunyavirus that is endemic throughout eastern Asia. SFTSV was first discovered in 2009 in central China&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; and has since infected about 5500 people in China&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; and approximately 800 each in Japan and South Korea.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; The disease (SFTS) is characterized by fever, thrombocytopenia, and central nervous system (CNS) symptoms including headache, vertigo, coma, and encephalitis&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4, 5&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; which has impacted as many as 45% of SFTS patients.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; The mortality rate caused by SFTSV infection varies by region and by year with reported rates as high as 27%.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;7, 8&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; There are currently no therapeutics or vaccines available for SFTS treatment and prevention.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;While clinical manifestations such as decreased blood flow to the brain resulting from systemic SFTSV infection likely contribute to the disease pathology,&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;9, 10&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; some studies have shown that direct viral infection of the brain may also play an important role in disease pathogenesis. Evidence from a newborn mouse-infection model has shown that SFSTV can infect microglia to cause inflammasome-mediated neuronal cell death,&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;11&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; which could in part explain how some immunocompromised individuals are more likely to develop severe disease as a result of the infection,&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4-6&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; whereas most patients who succumb to SFTS show symptoms of severe encephalitis before death. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms of virus-induced neuronal pathogenesis and the location of virus-induced brain damage have not been fully characterized.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Kim et al. have recently published a paper in &lt;i&gt;Journal of Medical Virology&lt;/i&gt;,&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; in which they infected the interferon-alpha receptor knock-out (IFNAR1−/−) adult mice intraperitoneally with SFTSV to deliver the virus systematically and to show that the virus could successfully cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB) to invade the CNS as evidenced by the presence of the viral protein and genomic content being detectable throughout the CNS 4 days after the infection. They showed that SFTSV infected the brainstem and spinal cord of the IFNAR1−/− mice and that A1-reactive astrocytes were activated by virus infection, leading to neuronal cell death. Because the brainstem and spinal cord are regions of the brain that have been associated with respiratory function and motor neurons in IFNAR1−/− mice, SFTSV infection leading to lethal neuroinflammation and neuronal cell death may underlie the cause of disease pathogenesis, pathology, and mortality of some SFTS patients.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Specifically, the authors showed that viral gene expressions were significantly higher in the olfactory bulb, cortex, cerebellum, brainstem, and spinal cord of the IFNAR1−/− mice. They also characterized the immunological","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"96 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jmv.29949","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142348400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the effects of Merkel cell polyomavirus T antigens expression in REH and MCC13 cells by methylome and transcriptome profiling","authors":"Amanda Macamo,&nbsp;Dan Liu,&nbsp;Martina Färber,&nbsp;Felix Borman,&nbsp;Joost van den Oord,&nbsp;Véronique Winnepenninckx,&nbsp;Faisal Klufah,&nbsp;Emil Chteinberg,&nbsp;Axel zur Hausen","doi":"10.1002/jmv.29938","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jmv.29938","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare, aggressive skin cancer with a tripled incidence in the US and Europe over the past decade. Around 80% of MCC is linked to Merkel cell polyomavirus, but the cell of origin remains unknown. We stably introduced Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV)-sT) and LT antigens to MCC13 and REH cell lines, analyzing DNA methylation and gene transcriptional regulation. Gene ontology analysis assessed MCPyV effects, and integrative analysis correlated gene expression and methylation. Expression patterns were compared with 15 previously sequenced primary MCCs. We found that MCPyV-LT induces DNA methylation changes in both cell lines, while MCPyV-sT only affected REH cells. Greater gene expression changes are observed in MCC13 cells, with upregulated genes associated with cellular components and downregulated genes related to biological processes. Integrative analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEG) and differentially methylated regions (DMR) of REH cell lines revealed that no genes were commonly methylated and differentially expressed. The study compared DEGs and DMG in MCC13 and REH cells to overlapping genes in MCPyV-positive cell lines (MKL1, MKL2, and WaGa), identifying hypomethylated genes in the gene body and hypermethylated genes at TSS1500. GO analysis of the two cell lines showed that MCPyV-TAs can downregulate genes in MHC-I pathways; this downregulation offers a target that can be used to create novel and efficient MCC immunotherapy approaches. Finally, it was confirmed that MCPyV-LT controls gene expression in MCC tissues using an integrative investigation of DNA methylation and gene expression.</p>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"96 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jmv.29938","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142348403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coinfection of human adenovirus and recombinant human astrovirus in a case of acute gastroenteritis: A report from China","authors":"Xin Wang,&nbsp;Wanqiu Liu,&nbsp;Mingda Hu,&nbsp;Yaqing He,&nbsp;Boqian Wang,&nbsp;Kexin Li,&nbsp;Rui Zhang,&nbsp;Hailong Zhang,&nbsp;Tianyi Wang,&nbsp;Yuxin Wang,&nbsp;Long Chen,&nbsp;Xiaofeng Hu,&nbsp;Hongguang Ren,&nbsp;Hongbin Song","doi":"10.1002/jmv.29940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.29940","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Diarrhea is one of the major public health issues worldwide. Although the infections of individual enteric virus have been extensively studied, elucidation of the coinfection involving multiple viruses is still limited. In this study, we identified the coinfection of human adenovirus (HAdV) and human astrovirus (HAstV) in a child with acute gastroenteritis, analyzed their genotypes and molecular evolution characteristics. The sample was collected and identified using RT-PCR and subjected to whole-genome sequencing on the NovaSeq (Illumina) platform. Obtained sequences were assembled into the complete genome of HAdV and the ORF1 of HAstV. We conducted phylogenetic analysis using IQ-TREE software and conducted recombination analysis with the Recombination Detection Program. The sequenced HAdV was confirmed to be genotype 41, and was genetically close to some European strains. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the HAstV was genetically close to both HAstV-2 and HAstV-4 and was different from the genotype prevalent in Shenzhen before. The recombination analysis confirmed that the sequenced HAstV strain is a recombinant of HAstV-2 and HAstV-4. Our analysis has shown that the strains in this coinfection are both uncommon variants in this geographical region, instead of dominant subtypes that have prevailed for years. This study presents a coinfection of HAdV and HAstV and conducts an evolutionary analysis on involved viruses, which reveals the genetic diversity of epidemic strains in Southern China and offers valuable insights into vaccine and medical research.</p>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"96 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jmv.29940","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142324720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pretreatment drug resistance among people living with HIV from 2018 to 2022 in Guangzhou, China","authors":"Shiyun Lv,&nbsp;Yun Lan,&nbsp;Yaozu He,&nbsp;Quanmin Li,&nbsp;Xuemei Ling,&nbsp;Junbin Li,&nbsp;Liya Li,&nbsp;Pengle Guo,&nbsp;Fengyu Hu,&nbsp;Weiping Cai,&nbsp;Xiaoping Tang,&nbsp;Jingliang Chen,&nbsp;Linghua Li","doi":"10.1002/jmv.29937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.29937","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The presence of pretreatment drug resistance (PDR) is posing an increasing threat to HIV control. Here we investigated drug resistance mutations (DRMs) and PDR among 6831 HIV-infected individuals from 2018 to 2022 in Guangzhou, China. DRMs were detected among 24.5% of the patients. The overall prevalence of PDR was 7.4%, with resistance rate to nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) being 1.3%, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) 4.8%, and protease inhibitor (PI) 1.4%. Abacavir (0.8%) resistance was the most common in NRTI, followed by resistance to emtricitabine (0.6%), lamivudine (0.6%), and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (0.3%). In NNRTI, nevirapine (3.7%) resistance was the most common, followed by efavirenz (3.5%) and rilpivirine (3.4%). Among PI, resistance to tipranavir (0.8%), nelfinavir (0.6%), fosamprenavir (0.2%) and lopinavir (0.1%) was most frequent. Annual prevalence of PDR showed an increase trend from 2018 to 2022, although not significant. In the multivariable logistic regression model, hepatitis B surface antigen positivity, circulating recombinant form (CRF) 55_01B, CRF08_BC, CRF59_01B, and subtype B were demonstrated as associated risk factors for PDR. The overall prevalence of PDR in Guangzhou was moderate, with relatively severe NNRTI resistance. Therefore, it remains crucial to continue monitoring PDR among newly diagnosed HIV-infected individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"96 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142324518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of HBeAg loss during follow-up of a multiethnic pediatric cohort","authors":"David Mutimer,&nbsp;Sowsan F. Atabani,&nbsp;Maxine Brown,&nbsp;Jacqueline Logan,&nbsp;Chayarani Kelgeri","doi":"10.1002/jmv.29936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.29936","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) loss is a key event in the natural history of chronic hepatitis B virus infection. The rate and determinants of HBeAg loss depend upon cohort characteristics at baseline. Few studies have examined the age-dependent rate, and none have examined the effect of patient sex and ethnicity on the age-dependant rate. The study of age-dependent rates requires the identification and long-term follow-up of a pediatric cohort. We have studied the age-dependent rate of HBeAg loss, and the rate of HBeAg loss measured from baseline, in a multi-ethnic cohort of 454 pediatric patients. During observation, HBeAg loss was observed in 121/303 (39.9%) HBeAg-positive patients. The rate of HBeAg loss was greater in the second versus the first and third decades of life. The age-related rate of HBeAg loss was clearly affected by patient sex and ethnicity, with earlier loss observed for males and for White versus both South Asian and Chinese ethnicities. When measured from baseline, Chinese patients had a slower rate of HBeAg loss in comparison with White patients. In multivariate analysis of HBeAg loss during prolonged follow-up, male sex, older age, and White ethnicity were associated with HBeAg loss, but antiviral treatment was not.</p>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"96 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jmv.29936","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142324517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}