Journal of Medical Virology最新文献

{"title":"Identification of Novel Wraparound Transcripts in JC Polyomavirus","authors":"Shun Iida,&nbsp;Kenta Takahashi,&nbsp;Sohtaro Mine,&nbsp;Tadaki Suzuki,&nbsp;Harutaka Katano","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.70544","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) is a ubiquitous pathogen that causes progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). Although a recent study using next-generation sequencing (NGS) provided detailed transcriptome atlases for polyomaviruses (PyVs) such as BK polyomavirus and simian virus 40, the transcriptome of JCPyV remains poorly characterized. Here, we conducted a comprehensive analysis using both short-read and long-read NGS technologies to construct a transcriptome atlas of JCPyV. RNA extracted from IMR-32 and HEK293 cells transfected with the circular JCPyV genome was analyzed, leading to the identification of 39 previously uncharacterized viral transcripts in addition to 12 known ones. Among the novel transcripts, we identified wraparound transcripts, conserved across PyVs, which are generated through continuous, multicyclic transcription of the circular viral genome. These included both late transcripts containing leader-to-leader repeated sequences and SuperT transcripts with multiple LxCxE motifs. Notably, wraparound transcripts, including SuperT transcripts, were also detected in brain tissues from PML patients. Collectively, this study significantly expands our understanding of the JCPyV transcriptome, revealing the expression of wraparound transcripts in PML lesions. These findings provide valuable insights into the molecular basis of JCPyV gene expression and PML pathogenesis, potentially facilitating the development of effective countermeasures against PML.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"97 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144809221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Clinical Investigation Into the Effects of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection and Vaccination in Children With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia","authors":"Zhengcun Wu,&nbsp;Hongchao Jiang,&nbsp;Yanan Zhou,&nbsp;Yun Yang,&nbsp;Haiyan Jiang,&nbsp;Fang Zhang,&nbsp;Linyang Zhe,&nbsp;Ruixia Tang,&nbsp;Jianyu Xu,&nbsp;Lingmei Yan,&nbsp;Shuaiyao Lu,&nbsp;Tiesong Zhang,&nbsp;Qiangming Sun","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.70492","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study systematically evaluated the humoral immune responses and cytokine profiles of 259 pediatric participants, comprising both healthy individuals and patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL), following either administration of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine or natural infection. The data indicate that vaccination elicits measurable immune responses in both groups, supporting its relevance in immunocompromised pediatric populations. Although antigen-specific responses to the spike (S) protein and receptor-binding domain (RBD) were attenuated in the ALL cohort, levels of neutralizing antibodies and antibodies capable of inhibiting RBD-ACE2 binding were comparable to those in healthy controls, suggesting that functional antibody-mediated immunity can still be achieved in ALL patients. Notably, vaccinated ALL patients exhibited higher neutralizing antibody titers against the SARS-CoV-2 prototype strain and major variants of concern (Alpha, Beta, Delta) than their healthy counterparts. However, both groups demonstrated markedly reduced responses to the Omicron variant, underscoring its substantial immune escape potential. Cytokine analysis revealed dysregulated expression patterns in the ALL group, with minimal modulation following vaccination, in contrast to the immunosuppressive cytokine regulation observed in healthy individuals. Importantly, the JAK/STAT signaling pathway emerged as a key component in the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 among healthy subjects. These insights provide a scientific basis for the optimization of COVID-19 immunization strategies tailored to vulnerable pediatric groups.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"97 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144809193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oropouche Virus Importation in Southern Brazil and Emerging Concern Calling for Enhanced Public Health Surveillance","authors":"Franciellen Machado dos Santos,&nbsp;Elverson Soares de Melo,&nbsp;Gustavo Barbosa de Lima,&nbsp;Alexandre Freitas da Silva,&nbsp;Marcelo Henrique Santos Paiva,&nbsp;Bartolomeu Acioli-Santos,&nbsp;Clarice Neuenschwander Lins de Moraes,&nbsp;Amanda Pellenz Ruivo,&nbsp;Tatiana Schäffer Gregianini,&nbsp;Milena Bauermann,&nbsp;Thales Bermann,&nbsp;Valeska Lizzi Lagranha,&nbsp;Ludmila Fiorenzano Baethgen,&nbsp;Fernanda Godinho,&nbsp;Gabriel da Luz Wallau,&nbsp;Ana Beatriz Gorini da Veiga,&nbsp;Richard Steiner Salvato","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.70557","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Oropouche virus (OROV), an arthropod-borne virus transmitted by <i>Culicoides paraensis</i>, is an endemic arbovirus that historically circulates mostly in the Amazon basin. Between 2022 and 2024, it reemerged as a more widespread public health concern in South America. We conducted a pooled-sample molecular surveillance study to understand the prevalence of Oropouche fever in Brazil's southernmost state. Over 18 months, we analyzed 4060 samples to monitor the virus emergence in the Rio Grande do Sul state. We detected the first human case of OROV in the state, and our phylogenetic reconstruction indicated a travel-related introduction from the Amazon region into Rio Grande do Sul. Despite the absence of local transmission, the invasion of <i>Culicoides paraensis</i> and enzootic circulation of the OROV in Rio Grande do Sul highlight the risk of Oropouche fever outbreaks in the region. We demonstrated that pooled-sample surveillance effectively monitors virus introduction during periods of low endemic circulation, serving as an essential active surveillance tool for the timely detection of virus emergence and enhancing public health preparedness. The multiple introductions of distinct OROV lineages into southern Brazil underscore the importance of genomic surveillance and public health strategies to monitor and mitigate arbovirus spread in the region.</p>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"97 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jmv.70557","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144809222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Cereblon-Binding Immunomodulators Have Increased Potency Against Gammaherpesvirus- Associated Lymphomas In Vitro","authors":"Prabha Shrestha,&nbsp;Emma N. Treco,&nbsp;David A. Davis,&nbsp;Robert Yarchoan","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.70537","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), which is caused by Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV), and Burkitt lymphoma (BL), a subset of which are associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), are aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Both have relatively poor survival compared to other lymphomas. Cereblon-binding immunomodulators (CBIs), such as pomalidomide (Pom), show in vitro efficacy and clinical activity against certain of these lymphomas. Next generation CBIs, such as golcadomide (Golc) and iberdomide (Iber), have increased affinity to the primary cellular target, cereblon, making them potentially better anticancer agents. Here, we report the in vitro activity of these novel CBIs against PEL and BL cell lines. Both Golc and Iber, but primarily Golc, caused substantial growth suppression of PEL and BL lines with much lower half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) compared to Pom. This growth suppression was mediated, in part, by enhanced downregulation of interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) in PEL cell lines. Additionally, both Golc and Iber increased immune surface markers such as ICAM-1, B7-2, and MHC-I in PEL and BL cells at lower concentrations than Pom; these increases led to enhanced recognition of both PEL and BL cells by T-cells. The novel CBIs had relatively little activity in Pom-resistant cell lines with low levels of cereblon, suggesting that binding to cereblon is also important for the functions of the novel CBIs. These data show that the newer CBIs are more potent and effective against PEL and BL lines than Pom, and therefore, are worth investigating clinically in patients with these tumors.</p>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"97 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jmv.70537","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144782302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling Antibody Kinetics Post-mRNA Booster Vaccination and Protection Durations Against SARS-CoV-2 Infection","authors":"Luis J. Ponce,&nbsp;Yuqian Wang,&nbsp;Ananya Singh,&nbsp;Hoong Kai Chua,&nbsp;Marc Chen,&nbsp;Pei Xiang Hor,&nbsp;Chiew Yee Loh,&nbsp;Xuan Ying Poh,&nbsp;Suma Rao,&nbsp;Po Ying Chia,&nbsp;Sean W. X. Ong,&nbsp;Tau Hong Lee,&nbsp;Ray J. H. Lin,&nbsp;Clarissa Lim,&nbsp;Jefanie Teo,&nbsp;Yun Shan Goh,&nbsp;Keisuke Ejima,&nbsp;on behalf of the NCID Study Group,&nbsp;on behalf of the COVID-19 Cohort Study Group","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.70521","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Understanding the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels post-booster vaccination is important to inform their durations of protection. Longitudinal antibody data was collected on the day of booster vaccination, as well as 28, 180, and 360 days after. Using nonlinear mixed effects models, we mapped the kinetics of binding IgA and IgG against wild-type (WT) and Omicron BA.1 spike proteins. Furthermore, we analyzed the association between antibody levels and risk of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine breakthrough infection through survival analyzes, and predicted durations of protection against infection. We found that the antibody response waned more rapidly following the Pfizer/BioNTech BNT162b2 booster compared to the Moderna mRNA-1273 booster. However, individuals boosted with the Pfizer vaccine exhibited a steeper rebound in antibody levels after infection. Faster postinfection antibody growth rates were observed in the elderly, females, and those with late infections. High antibody levels for WT IgG and BA.1 IgA at day 28 post-booster were associated with reduced infection risk; hazard ratios were 0.47 (95% CI [0.22, 0.98]) and 0.36 (95% CI [0.17, 0.78]), respectively, compared to low levels. Time-varying antibody levels showed better survival model fits. At medium COVID-19 case incidence (621 cases per million per day), a binding BA.1 IgA response of at least 20% is needed to sustain 80% protection against infection over 155 days post-booster. Our estimates of protection durations against SARS-CoV-2 infection post-booster vaccination may help inform the ideal frequency of boosters.</p>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"97 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jmv.70521","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144782418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variation in Severity of Symptoms Associated With Two Snow Mountain Virus Inocula","authors":"Hongyan Qu,&nbsp;Nadine Rouphael,&nbsp;Mark Mulligan,&nbsp;Yuke Wang,&nbsp;Orlando Sablon,&nbsp;Christine L. Moe,&nbsp;Pengbo Liu","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.70546","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Snow Mountain Virus (SMV), the prototype of genogroup II and genotype II Norovirus (NoV), was used in human challenge studies to examine the infectivity, pathogenicity, and immune response to NoV. Clinical and laboratory data from two previously completed SMV human challenge trials using two different inocula (primary and secondary) were analyzed to compare the infectivity, illness, viral shedding, and serum IgG conversion. The primary and secondary SMV inocula were sequenced for detecting single nucleotide mutations. Of 15 subjects challenged with the primary inoculum between 2000 and 2002, nine were infected, and seven presented with acute gastroenteritis. Of 33 subjects challenged with the secondary inoculum between 2016 and 2018, 25 were infected, and nine presented with acute gastroenteritis. There were no statistically significant differences in overall infection and illness rates between subjects challenged with the primary inoculum versus the secondary inoculum. However, subjects infected with the primary inoculum experienced more severe clinical symptoms of acute gastroenteritis, showing higher severity scores (6.00 vs. 2.94, <i>p</i> = 0.003) compared with those infected with the secondary inoculum. We also observed that infection with the secondary inoculum resulted in longer viral shedding compared with the primary inoculum. Partial sequencing of the SMV genome identified three mutations in both inocula. Understanding the differences between these two SMV inocula is critical for NoV vaccine evaluation and using a less pathogenic inoculum for a vaccine trial will require more participants to meet the target reduction in illness when evaluating the efficacy of candidate vaccines.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"97 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144782325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Involvement of Integrin β3 O-Glycosylation in Human Cytomegalovirus Internalization Into Fibroblasts","authors":"Luping Zheng,&nbsp;Taowen Pan,&nbsp;Huiyi Wang,&nbsp;Jiaxu Tian,&nbsp;Zeyi He","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.70536","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Glycosylation of viral receptors is essential during the initial steps of viral infection. While integrin β3 has been recognized as a cellular receptor facilitating human cytomegalovirus (hCMV) entry into fibroblasts, the specific contribution of its glycosylation remains poorly understood. In this study, recombinant integrin β3 was engineered, and O-glycopeptide profiling was performed using LC-MS/MS. hCMV infection, attachment, and internalization were investigated in MRC-5 cells expressing integrin β3 mutants with altered O-glycosylation sites, employing a range of virological assays. To further elucidate the functional relevance of glycosylation, its effect on receptor–ligand interactions, and downstream signaling events involved in viral entry was investigated. The glycomic analysis identified mucin-type O-GalNAc structures across all O-glycosylation sites, with serine 85 (S85) showing the highest glycosylation efficiency. Mutation at S85 reduced hCMV infection and impaired viral internalization, while attachment to the cell surface remained unaffected. Mechanistic studies revealed that the S85 mutation interfered with gH binding to integrin β3 and disrupted the activation of downstream signaling pathways required for viral entry. These results highlight the pivotal role of O-glycosylation at S85 in facilitating hCMV internalization into fibroblasts and underscore its potential as a therapeutic target in antiviral strategies aimed at blocking viral entry.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"97 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144773632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vaccination Coverage Against Coronavirus Disease 2019 in People Living on Quilombos in Brazil and Its Association With the Human Development Index and the Quality of the Health System","authors":"Patrícia Teixeira Costa,&nbsp;Lucas Silva Mello,&nbsp;Luiz Felipe Azevedo Marques,&nbsp;Vinícius Santiago dos Santos,&nbsp;Fernando Augusto Lima Marson","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.70533","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Since the slavery period in Brazil, the Quilombola population has faced problems related to social vulnerability and poor health. The coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 pandemic has made this social inequality more evident, and the postpandemic scenario has proved even more challenging with the difficult access to basic living conditions, including low vaccination coverage. In view of this, this study aims to present the epidemiological profile of vaccination against COVID-19 in the population living in quilombos in Brazil. An observational study was carried out using information from the National Health Data Network provided by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Vaccination coverage was correlated with the human development index (HDI) and health quality indicators. In the Quilombola population, a total of 1 848 494 doses of vaccines were administered, mostly related to the first dose (45.43%) and the second or single-dose vaccine vials (42.17%), representing a vaccination coverage of 48.43% and 49.41%, respectively; in addition, a total of 159.26 doses were administered per 100 inhabitants. There was an imbalance in the vaccination coverage rate and the number of doses administered in relation to the macroregions of Brazil and the Federative Units. In terms of doses administered by age group, the highest concentration was observed among individuals aged 20–59, with over 100 000 doses administered within each group. In the Spearman correlation, the following coefficients were significant: (a) first dose with municipal health spending [CC = −0.57]; (b) second dose or single-dose vaccine vial with HDI [CC = 0.58], HDI–income [CC = 0.58], HDI–education [CC = 0.65], and municipal health spending [CC = −0.61]; and (c) the total number of doses with HDI [CC = 0.58], HDI–income [CC = 0.56], HDI–education [CC = 0.67], and municipal health spending [CC = −0.55]. The epidemiological profile of vaccination against COVID-19 in the Quilombola population in Brazil was associated with a wide variability in relation to macroregions and Federative Units, with few Federative Units vaccinating more than 50% of Quilombola individuals. Among the markers evaluated, the best HDI and the best quality of health services were associated with better vaccination coverage for the first dose, second dose, single-dose vaccine vial, and total number of doses administered in the Quilombola population, demonstrating that there is a relation between social and economic characteristics and the management of vaccines with a potential influence on the outcomes associated with the COVID-19 pandemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"97 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jmv.70533","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144773637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Validation of the Venus HPV Full-Genotyping Assay for Cervical Cancer Screening in the VALGENT-4 Framework","authors":"Lan Xu,&nbsp;Chang Ma,&nbsp;Kate Cuschieri,&nbsp;Jesper Bonde,&nbsp;Marc Arbyn","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.70527","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Venus HPV assay (VenusHPV) is a real-time PCR-based human papillomavirus (HPV) test that is widely used in China but lacks extensive clinical validation. The VALidation of HPV GENotyping Tests (VALGENT) framework is an established protocol for evaluating HPV genotyping assays against a standard comparator test. This study aimed to assess the clinical accuracy and reproducibility of the VenusHPV assay following international validation criteria. The clinical performance of VenusHPV was evaluated against the GP5+/6+ PCR-based enzyme immunoassay (GP-EIA) using the VALGENT-4 panel, which included 998 consecutive routine screening samples enriched with 297 samples with abnormal cytology from the Danish cervical cancer screening program. Cases were defined as women diagnosed with histologically confirmed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2 or more (CIN2+), while two consecutive negative cytology results served as a proxy for nondisease. Intra- and interlaboratory reproducibility was assessed on 500 samples. Using the manufacturer-recommended cutoff, VenusHPV demonstrated noninferior sensitivity for detection of CIN2+, but its specificity for ≤ CIN1 was inferior to that of GP-EIA. Applying an optimized a posteriori cutoff improved the specificity, yielding relative specificity of 1.02 (95% CI [CI], 1.00–1.03; <i>p</i> noninferiority [<i>p</i>_n.inf] &lt; 0.0001), while maintaining a noninferior sensitivity (of 1.02; CI, 1.00–1.08; <i>p</i>_n.inf &lt; 0.0001). The intra- and interlaboratory reproducibility was excellent (95.2%, CI, 93.3–97.1%, Kappa [<i>κ</i>] = 0.87 and 94.0%, CI, 92.0%–96.0%, <i>κ</i> = 0.85, respectively). Notably, the reproducibility criteria were met consistently, regardless of whether the unadjusted or optimized cutoff was applied. The VenusHPV was as sensitive as the GP-EIA for detecting cervical precancer using the unadjusted cutoff but less specific. However, after cutoff optimization, VenusHPV met the international accuracy criteria for cervical cancer screening. Additionally, the assay demonstrated excellent reproducibility.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"97 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144767472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single-Cell Omics Analysis Reveals Immunological Dysregulation in COVID-19 and HIV: Identifying a Shared Abnormality of B Cell Activation via the Unfolded Protein Response and Diagnostic Biomarkers Using Machine Learning Algorithms","authors":"Feng Li,&nbsp;Wei Zhao,&nbsp;Hong Liu,&nbsp;Yandie Niu,&nbsp;Jiahao Ma","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.70538","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>An increasing number of studies have demonstrated the exacerbation of disease progression of both COVID-19 and HIV when coexisting. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the interplay between these two viruses are still poorly understood. In this study, we utilized a comprehensive analysis of single-cell transcriptomics to identify and characterize peripheral blood cell subsets in COVID-19 and HIV-infected patients. Our findings revealed that COVID-19 and HIV exhibit a partially similar cellular composition and cell cycle distribution. Additionally, we identified a common pathogenesis in B-cell subsets of COVID-19 and HIV patients, which showed abnormal activation states of the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway. Based on B-cell signature genes and UPR-related genes, we developed a machine learning diagnostic model that can accurately diagnose both COVID-19 and HIV infections. Our model was validated using a large number of bulk transcriptome data sets and showed good clinical efficacy. Our study provides molecular insights into the single-cell level interplay between SARS-CoV-2 and HIV infections, suggesting a possible common disease mechanism that warrants further investigation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"97 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144767732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}