Journal of Medical Virology最新文献

{"title":"Papain-Like Protease of SARS-CoV-2 Induces Intestinal Inflammation via the ISG15 Pathway: Identification of Natural Compound Inhibitors","authors":"Fang Wu,&nbsp;Zhaoyong Zhang,&nbsp;Qili Lun,&nbsp;Xu Hong,&nbsp;Jiantao Chen,&nbsp;Xinfeng Xu,&nbsp;Xinyi Xiong,&nbsp;Ying Zhang,&nbsp;Dmitry N. Shcherbakov,&nbsp;Shuwen Liu,&nbsp;Yaoqi Zhou,&nbsp;Yanqun Wang,&nbsp;Jian Zhan,&nbsp;Jincun Zhao,&nbsp;Wei Xu","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.70448","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease (PLpro) is a multifunctional viral protein that facilitates viral assembly and disrupts host immune responses by removing interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) modifications from target proteins. However, the mechanisms by which PLpro-mediated immune evasion leads to inflammatory responses are not well understood. In this study, we demonstrate for the first time that PLpro induces inflammation in colonic epithelial cells and colonic inflammation in a mouse model, acting through the ISG15 signaling pathway. Using high-throughput screening, we identified two natural product-derived compounds, coptisine sulfate and (+)-shikonin, that inhibit the interaction between PLpro and ISG15 at the PLpro/ISG15 interface. We further investigated the mechanism of action of these two inhibitors using surface plasmon resonance, thermal shift assays, molecular docking, and molecular simulation studies. Importantly, both coptisine sulfate and (+)-shikonin were able to reduce intestinal inflammation in the PLpro-induced mouse model. These findings provide novel insights into how the SARS-CoV-2 PLpro can drive inflammatory responses and introduce two natural compound-based inhibitors that may offer a new approach to alleviate gastrointestinal complications associated with COVID-19 infection. Our results highlight the potential of targeting the PLpro/ISG15 interaction as a therapeutic strategy against SARS-CoV-2.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"97 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144291889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CircCBP Inhibits Influenza A Virus Replication by Interfering the vRNP Activity and Enhancing Antiviral Immune Response","authors":"Xinli Yao,&nbsp;Mingge Wang,&nbsp;Xiaomei Tong,&nbsp;Dandan Qi,&nbsp;Xin Ye","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.70442","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Influenza A virus (IAV) is an essential pathogen which can cause pandemic and seasonal flu. Host factors, including noncoding RNAs have been found to be participated in the replication of IAV. However, the mechanism by which circular RNAs (circRNAs) regulating IAV replication remains unclear. By taking the approach of RNA deep sequencing to analyze the circRNA profiles of A549 cells upon IAV infection, we identified that circular CREB binding protein (circCBP) is significantly upregulated after IAV infection or interferon (IFN) treatment. Overexpression of circCBP inhibited IAV replication, while knockdown of circCBP promoted viral replication, indicating that circCBP inhibits IAV replication. We found that circCBP interacts with the viral nucleoprotein (NP) and reduces its interaction with viral polymerase subunits PB1 and PB2, and consequently blocks the vRNP activity. CircCBP can also bind with nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) and alleviate the inhibitory effect of NS1 on antiviral immune response. In addition, circCBP binds with the major stress granule proteins such as G3BP1. Further study revealed that circCBP enhances the oligomerization of G3BP1, which in turn promotes the formation of stress granules and the transcription of IFN-β. Our study reveals the novel functions of circCBP in regulating virus replication and stress granule-related antiviral immune response, providing a new clue to develop circRNA-based antiviral inhibitors.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"97 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144264514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long Term Sequelae of Mild RSV Infections in Healthy Children Aged 0–3 Years in the Primary Care Setting—A Prospective Two Year Follow Up Observational Study","authors":"Paulina Ehlmaier,&nbsp;Peter Voitl,&nbsp;Angela Riepl,&nbsp;Lena Lischka,&nbsp;Julian J. M. Voitl,&nbsp;Klara Langer,&nbsp;Ulrike Kuzio,&nbsp;Alexandra Mühl-Riegler,&nbsp;Bernhard Mühl,&nbsp;Susanne C. Diesner-Treiber","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.70441","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Children with an early severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection have an increased risk of wheezing later in life. This longitudinal study aimed to investigate whether children with a mild RSV infection taken care of in a primary health care setting had an increased incidence of wheezing in the 2 years following infection compared to children with other respiratory infections (RSV-negative). Nasal swabs of children with acute respiratory infections were examined for 23 pathogens by multiplex PCR. 216 RSV-positive and RSV-negative (<i>N</i> = 201) matched for age, gender and time of diagnosis were followed for 2 years using telemedical control to record the occurrence of wheezing, hospitalization and frequency of respiratory tract infections. RSV-positive patients showed a 48% lower risk (OR 0.520, <i>p</i> = 0.03) of developing wheezing in the 2-year observation period compared to the RSV-negative group; Rhinovirus-positive patients had a trendwise increased risk (OR 1.47, <i>p</i> = 0.0872). These data were also reflected in a reduced prescription rate of short acting beta agonists in the RSV group. In conclusion, mild RSV infections led to fewer wheezing episodes in RSV-positive compared to RSV-negative patients. Rhinovirus infections appear to increase wheezing. Our data are consistent with the idea that there could be a dose-effect relationship with RSV infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"97 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jmv.70441","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144264483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ACE1 rs1799752 Polymorphism Is not Associated With the Presence of Post-COVID-19 Condition","authors":"César Fernández-de-las-Peñas,&nbsp;Lars Arendt-Nielsen,&nbsp;Antonio Gil-Crujera,&nbsp;Stella M. Gómez-Sánchez,&nbsp;Silvia Ambite-Quesada,&nbsp;Maria A. Palomar-Gallego,&nbsp;Oscar J. Pellicer-Valero,&nbsp;Rocco Giordano,&nbsp;Gema Díaz-Gil","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.70438","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"97 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144255941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatitis E Virus Persistence in Sanctuary Sites and Its Potential Role in Relapse","authors":"Temi Lampejo","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.70444","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"97 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144255940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection Disrupts Airway Epithelial Barriers via IL-33/ST2/MyD88 Signaling Axis","authors":"Qing Miao,&nbsp;Rui Yu,&nbsp;Fanyu Shi,&nbsp;Kaixin Li,&nbsp;Xinqian Du,&nbsp;Yinuo Gao,&nbsp;Yan Li,&nbsp;Ye Cui,&nbsp;Yan Chen,&nbsp;Jie Liu,&nbsp;Zhe Lv,&nbsp;Jing Yuan,&nbsp;Chris J. Corrigan,&nbsp;Sun Ying,&nbsp;Wei Wang","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.70432","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 <p>Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection has been associated with disruption of the airway epithelial barrier, potentially increasing the risk of asthma development. However, whether and how RSV and RSV-induced IL-33 contribute to this process are still unclear. In vivo, 7-day-old C57BL/6 mice were infected perinasally with RSV, then viral replication, lung inflammation and barrier integrity were evaluated at various time points postinfection. In vitro, human epithelial cells were infected with RSV in the presence or absence of IL-33, and the expression and localization of apical junction complex proteins (AJC) were assessed by western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining. The involvement of components of the IL-33/ST2/MyD88 axis was further verified through blockade of endogenous IL-33 signaling and pharmacological inhibition of MyD88. Exposure to RSV infection resulted in impairment of the airway epithelial barrier, as indicated by reduced expression of tight junction proteins (ZO-1, Occludin) and adherents junction protein (E-cadherin) in the lung tissues. These effects on epithelial barrier disruption were significantly attenuated in <i>St2</i>^-/- mice compared with wild-type controls. In vitro, the RSV-induced epithelial barrier disruption was exacerbated by topical application of exogenous IL-33, partially through activation of MyD88-mediated NF-κB signaling. Notably, knockdown of <i>St2</i> by siRNA transfection or pharmacological inhibition of MyD88 partially restored the expression of E-cadherin, ZO-1 and Occludin in RSV-infected epithelial cells. RSV infection triggers robust IL-33 release from airway epithelial cells, leading to disrupted expression of AJC protein via activation of the MyD88-dependent NF-κB signaling pathway. These findings highlight the IL-33/ST2/MyD88 axis as a critical mediator of epithelial barrier dysfunction, which may represent a potential target for therapeutic intervention in RSV-mediated lung diseases.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"97 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144255939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhibition of Influenza Entry by Organosilicon Compounds","authors":"Aleksandar Antanasijevic,&nbsp;Nicholas J. Haferman,&nbsp;Amir Shimon,&nbsp;Smanla Tundup,&nbsp;Varada Anirudhan,&nbsp;Lijun Rong,&nbsp;Balaji Manicassamy,&nbsp;Duncan Wardrop,&nbsp;Michael Caffrey","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.70436","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hemagglutinin (HA) plays a critical role in the entry of influenza and thus HA is a target for the development of entry inhibitors as antivirals. One of the first small molecule inhibitors of influenza entry to be described was <i>tert</i>-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), a commonly used antioxidant. This compound was shown to inhibit influenza containing Group 2 HA, such as H3 and H7 HA circulating in humans and avians. One limitation of TBHQ is the propensity to oxidize in solution, resulting in a less active form of the compound. Recently, our group has shown that the reactivity of TBHQ may be significantly reduced through substitution of one hydroxyl group with a methoxy, resulting in a concurrent increase in potency and a decrease in cytotoxicity. In this study, we demonstrate that the inhibitory capacity can be further improved by introducing <i>tri-</i>methyl silane (TMS) in place of the <i>tert-</i>butyl (TB) group. Silicon-based derivatives of TBHQ exhibited increased stability in solution compared to the parent TBHQ compound. Analysis using NMR spectroscopy revealed similar interaction patterns for the original and engineered compounds, although the TMS group was creating stronger hydrophobic contacts within the binding pocket on HA. Strikingly, TMS-containing compounds exhibited increased in vitro activity against pseudotyped and live influenza viruses carrying Group 2 HAs. In summary, we applied a novel strategy for chemical optimization of antiviral compounds and demonstrated that this approach can improve their stability and their potency for the target protein.</p>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"97 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jmv.70436","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144244569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategic Approach to Enhancing Diagnostic Precision: Optimizing Panel Size for HBV and HCV Viral Load Monitoring Kits","authors":"Gauri Misra,&nbsp;Mahima Gupta,&nbsp;Richa Singhal,&nbsp;Sidra Qaisar,&nbsp;Priyanshi Singh,&nbsp;Anupkumar R. Anvikar","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.70437","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To effectively manage and treat infections caused by the hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), performing viral load monitoring using high-quality diagnostic kits is essential. First-time quality control evaluation, “performance evaluation” (PE), is critical to ensure its reliability. This depends on the quality and sample size used for quality control evaluation. This is the first study that attempts to optimize the sample size requirement for doing the PE of HBV and HCV viral load monitoring kits. The leftover plasma samples were characterized using closed systems. Various random subsets consisting <i>n</i> = 100, 80, 60, 40, 20, and 10 samples with low and high viral load ranges were tested to assess the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the molecular diagnostic kits. Molecularly characterized panels (reference panel) and subsets exhibited reproducibility and strong concordance as compared with international standard. All the subsets of HBV and HCV correlated well with Pearson correlation coefficient (<i>r</i>) &gt; 0.997 and demonstrated good agreement with an Intra-class correlation coefficient &gt; 0.900 for all. The subset of <i>n</i> = 80, 60, and 40 for HBV and <i>n</i> = 10,20, and 40 for HCV, exhibited comparable proficiency. The tested subsets demonstrated high correlation and agreement, indicating that a reduced panel size can provide reliable PE of HBV and HCV viral load monitoring kits. Further studies, subjected to the availability of samples involving larger datasets and a broader range of testing conditions can streamline and strengthen the optimal panel size. This study will serve as a benchmark in clinical and diagnostic settings for testing of in vitro diagnostics, thus, strengthening the regulatory and quality control processes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"97 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144244570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Dimensional Immunophenotyping of Post-COVID-19 and Post-Influenza Patients Reveals Persistent and Specific Immune Signatures After Acute Respiratory Infection","authors":"Francisco Pérez-Cózar,&nbsp;Paloma Cal-Sabater,&nbsp;Paulina Rybakowska,&nbsp;Elisa Arribas-Rodríguez,&nbsp;Aida Fiz-López,&nbsp;Antonio García-Blesa,&nbsp;Juan Hernández,&nbsp;Sara Gutiérrez,&nbsp;Pablo Tellería,&nbsp;Cristina Novoa,&nbsp;Silvia Rojo Rello,&nbsp;Ángel De Prado,&nbsp;Cándido Pérez,&nbsp;Rosa Sedano,&nbsp;Marta Domínguez-Gil,&nbsp;María Jesús Peñarrubia,&nbsp;Daan K. J. Pieren,&nbsp;José A. Garrote,&nbsp;Eduardo Arranz,&nbsp;José María Eiros,&nbsp;Eduardo Tamayo,&nbsp;Antonio Orduña,&nbsp;Cécile A.C.M. van Els,&nbsp;Carlos Dueñas,&nbsp;Concepción Marañón,&nbsp;David Bernardo,&nbsp;Sara Cuesta-Sancho","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.70435","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Long-term consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection are unknown since recovered individuals can experience symptoms and latent viral reactivation for months. Indeed, acute post-infection sequelae have also been observed in other respiratory viral infections, including influenza. To characterize post-COVID-19 and post-influenza induced alterations to the cellular immunome, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were obtained from patients 3 months after recovery from COVID-19 (<i>n</i> = 93) or influenza (<i>n</i> = 25), and from pre-pandemic healthy controls (<i>n</i> = 25). PBMCs were characterized using a 40-plex mass cytometry panel. Principal component analysis (PCA), classification models, and K-means clustering were subsequently applied. PCA identified distinct immune profiles between cohorts, with both post-COVID and post-flu patients displaying an altered chemokine receptor expression compared to pre-pandemic healthy controls. These alterations were more prominent in post-COVID patients since they exhibited highly increased expression of chemokine receptors CXCR3 and CCR6 by various lymphoid populations, while post-influenza patients mainly showed a decrease in CCR4 expression by naïve T cells, monocytes, and conventional dendritic cells. Classification models using immunophenotyping data confirm the three groups, while K-means clustering revealed two subgroups among post-COVID patients, with younger patients showing more pronounced immune alterations in the chemokine receptor profile, independently of long COVID symptoms. In conclusion, post-COVID and post-influenza patients exhibit distinct and unique persistent immune alterations. Understanding these altered immune profiles can guide targeted therapies for post-COVID syndrome and highlight differences in immune recovery from various respiratory infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"97 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jmv.70435","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144232305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic and Inflammatory Signatures Associated With Worse Prognosis in Hospitalized Patients With Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection With and Without Diabetes","authors":"Marshall Yuan,&nbsp;Andrew Wassef,&nbsp;Davit Sargsyan,&nbsp;Vahe Nersisyan,&nbsp;Javier Cabrera,&nbsp;Ronald G. Nahass,&nbsp;Wael Hassan,&nbsp;Ah-Ng Kong,&nbsp;Luigi Brunetti","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.70425","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SAR-CoV-2) presents with a diverse symptomology, ranging from asymptomatic to severe disease, but the mechanism of risk factors such as diabetes remains unelucidated. The current retrospective cohort study of 182 patients, with and without COVID-19 and diabetes, analyzed leftover blood specimens for RNA sequencing and chemokine/cytokine, ACE2/DPP-IV concentrations. After analysis, 14 223 genes had sufficient hits; 18 genes and 431 genes were differentially expressed between patients with and without COVID-19 and patients with and without diabetes, respectively. Both analyses had differentially expressed five genes, GRASP, KRT8, MYZAP, PRKG1, and SMIM24. DPP-IV concentrations were statistically lower in COVID-19 patients versus non-COVID-19, but no significant differences in chemokine/cytokine expression and ACE2 concentrations were detected. This study provides insight into altered gene expression patterns in individuals with COVID-19 with and without diabetes mellitus and highlights potential markers for severe disease and pathways for treatment targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"97 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jmv.70425","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144220231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}