Journal of Medical Virology最新文献

{"title":"Clinical and Epidemiological Insights into a Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 Outbreak in Multiple Myeloma Patients","authors":"Sarah Timsit,&nbsp;Guillaume Mellon,&nbsp;Nathalie Forgeard,&nbsp;Séverine Mercier-Delarue,&nbsp;Nadia Mahjoub,&nbsp;Victor Euzen,&nbsp;Stéphanie Harel,&nbsp;Dikelele Elessa,&nbsp;Nathalie Osinski,&nbsp;Elise Diaz,&nbsp;Bruno Royer,&nbsp;Bertrand Arnulf,&nbsp;Maud Salmona,&nbsp;Jérôme Legoff","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.70411","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV-3) can be responsible for mild to severe respiratory infections and hospital epidemics. We investigated an outbreak in a hematology unit. Respiratory viruses were screened using multiplex PCR. HPIV-3 quantification and whole-genome sequencing were performed on HPIV-3 positive respiratory samples. Clinical characteristics, infection progression, incidence rates of respiratory viruses within the hospital and detection of respiratory viruses were documented, along with the reinforcement of infection prevention and control (IPC) measures implemented. Between November 2022, and January 2023, HPIV-3 was identified in 20 of 113 hematology patients (17.7%), of whom 80% had multiple myeloma. A majority of HPIV-3-positive patients developed pneumonia (60%), and mortality was notably higher (35%) compared to patients who were negative (3%, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001). Respiratory HPIV-3 viral loads were similar between patients with and without pneumonia. In parallel, HPIV-3 incidence in the hospital overall was lower than in the hematology unit (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001). Air virus screening showed the detection of HPIV-3 in the air in different areas, and whole-genome sequencing confirmed the circulation of a single HPIV-3 strain. Strengthened IPC measures were associated with the containment of the outbreak. HPIV-3 has high epidemic potential in patients with multiple myeloma and causes severe infections. Our findings highlight the need for routine HPIV-3 testing in hematology units.</p>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"97 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jmv.70411","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Risk HPV Oncoproteins and PD-1/PD-L1 Interplay","authors":"Shuai Zhen","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.70415","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Human papillomavirus (HPV) related cancers often arise from a background of chronic inflammation. Systemic treatment for advanced HPV-related cancers has been disappointing due to their strong resistance to chemotherapy and even to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Recently, the use of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has revolutionized the systemic treatment of advanced HPV-related cancers. For the first time, clinical trials testing ICIs, anti-CTLA-4, and anti-PD1/PDL1 reported a survival benefit in patients with sorafenib resistance. However, it took a long time to find the right combination regimen to use ICIs in combination with the antiangiogenic agent bevacizumab to substantially prolong overall survival (OS) of patients with advanced HPV-related cancer after sorafenib. This review provides a comprehensive history of ICI therapy in HPV-related cancer, up-to-date information on the latest ICI clinical trials, and discusses the recent development of novel ICIs that would potentially lead to a new checkpoint blockade therapy for advanced HPV-related cancer.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"97 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postacute Sequelae of COVID-19 Across 12 Major Health Domains and 141 Diseases in Individuals With Mental Illness Among COVID-19 Survivors: A Population-Based Cohort Study in South Korea","authors":"Jiseung Kang,&nbsp;Jaeyu Park,&nbsp;Yejun Son,&nbsp;Hyeon Jin Kim,&nbsp;Guillaume Fond,&nbsp;Laurent Boyer,&nbsp;Masoud Rahmati,&nbsp;Hayeon Lee,&nbsp;Dong Keon Yon","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.70406","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Understanding whether individuals with mental illness, who face challenges related to healthcare barriers, are more vulnerable to postacute sequelae of COVID-19 is limited. Here, we investigated the potential association between pre-existing mental illness and postacute sequelae of COVID-19 across 12 major health domains and 141 specific diseases in COVID-19 survivors. The large-scale, population-based cohorts from South Korea (K-COV-N cohort) used in the study included 8 632 221 individuals aged 20 years or older who were infected with SARS-CoV-2 between January 1, 2020, and December 31, 2022. The risk of postacute sequelae of COVID-19 was assessed in the 1:2 propensity score-matched cohorts, comprising 12 major health domains and 141 diseases based on the ICD-10 code, following mental illness among patients with COVID-19. We assessed the time attenuation effect of major health outcomes after 30 days following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Multiple subgroup analyses were conducted by severity of mental illness, COVID-19 severity, vaccination, and SARS-CoV-2 strain. After 1:2 exposure-driven propensity score matching, we identified 1 341 320 participants with mental illness (mean age, 49.51 [SD, 13.82] years; 62.27% female) and 2 653 597 controls (mean age, 48.78 [SD, 13.75] years; 62.03% female). Individuals with mental illness exhibited significantly higher risks across all 12 major health domains, including: infectious and parasitic events (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.36 [95% CI, 1.33–1.38]), blood and immune-related events (1.21 [1.17–1.26]), endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic events (1.21 [1.18–1.24]), nerve-related events (2.13 [2.07–2.19]), eye-related events (1.29 [1.25–1.34]), ear and mastoid events (1.52 [1.50–1.54]), circulatory events (1.25 [1.17–1.35]), respiratory events (1.26 [1.24–1.29]), digestive events (1.41 [1.40–1.41]), skin-related events (1.34 [1.30–1.38]), musculoskeletal events (1.42 [1.41–1.43]), and genitourinary events (1.54 [1.18–2.01]). Of the 141 postacute sequelae of COVID-19, 133 showed significantly increased risks. The association was strongest within the first 6–12 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection, with risks progressively attenuating beyond 12 months and nearly disappearing after 18 months. Subgroup analysis revealed that individuals with mild mental illness exhibited higher aHRs for 11 of the 12 health outcome domains compared with those with severe mental illness. Altogether, our findings show the increased risk of postacute sequelae of COVID-19 across 12 major health domains in individuals with mental illness among COVID-19 survivors. These findings highlight the need for targeted monitoring and intervention strategies to address the vulnerabilities of this population, particularly during the post-COVID-19 period.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"97 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of High-Titer Convalescent Plasma on Clinical and Virologic Outcomes Among Veterans Hospitalized With SARS-CoV-2 Infection: VA CoronavirUs Research and Efficacy Studies-1 (VA CURES-1)","authors":"Edward N. Janoff,&nbsp;Mei-Chiung Shih,&nbsp;Curtis Donskey,&nbsp;Ilana Belitskaya-Levy,&nbsp;Norbert Brau,&nbsp;Maria C. Rodriguez-Barradas,&nbsp;Ernest Chan,&nbsp;Peter Zimmerman,&nbsp;Elliott K. Miller,&nbsp;Leroy B. Vaughan,&nbsp;J. Daniel Markley,&nbsp;Alexa M. Goldberg,&nbsp;Peruvemba Sriram,&nbsp;Antonio Anzueto,&nbsp;Lauren Uyeda,&nbsp;Lisa Zehm,&nbsp;Ashlea Wills,&nbsp;Caitlin Hutchinson,&nbsp;Lucas Jones,&nbsp;Dianne Peterson,&nbsp;Robert J. Ringer,&nbsp;Larry Dumont,&nbsp;Theresa Gleason,&nbsp;Robert A. Bonomo,&nbsp;Jeffrey L. Curtis,&nbsp;Sheldon T. Brown,&nbsp;the CURES-1 Trials Consortium","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.70349","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the initial absence of proven therapies, empirical COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) was rapidly introduced for individuals hospitalized for COVID-19. Seventy-five participants were randomized from November 2020 to June 2021 in a double-blind, multi-site, placebo-controlled, randomized trial (VA CURES-1) evaluating the impact of CCP vs. saline in Veterans hospitalized with COVID-19 with hypoxemia. The composite primary outcome was acute hypoxemic respiratory failure or all-cause death by Day 29. We analyzed clinical outcomes, nasal viral RNA, plasma cytokines and viral evolution over time. Among 40 participants receiving saline and 35 receiving CCP with high neutralizing titers (median 1:1420), the percent reaching the primary outcome was similar (10%), as were time to clinical recovery and to nasal viral clearance. By whole genome sequencing, viral molecular complexity evolved pre- to posttreatment more frequently in recipients of saline vs. CCP (4 of 7 (57.1%) vs. 1 of 4 (25%), respectively), based on numbers of mixed allele positions. Numbers of amino acid-changing, non-synonymous mutations in the spike protein were greater in saline vs. CCP recipients. Both outcomes suggested purifying selection (reduced overall viral infection complexity) following CCP. In conclusion, convalescent plasma showed no significant clinical impact but may influence SARS-CoV-2 complexity.</p>\u0000 <p><b>Trial Registration:</b> ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04539275</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"97 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the Role of Mutations Outside the Basal Promoter and Precore Regions in the HBeAg-Negative Stage of Chronic Hepatitis B","authors":"María Mercedes Elizalde,&nbsp;María Cecilia Monzani,&nbsp;Nicolás Octavio Favale,&nbsp;Belén Bouzas,&nbsp;Lilia Mammana,&nbsp;Rodolfo Campos,&nbsp;Diego Flichman","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.70398","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion is a crucial event in the natural history of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, marked by a significant decrease in viral load and the emergence of mutations that suppress HBeAg expression. However, these mutations alone do not fully account for the reduction in viral load. This study investigated the biological features and pathogenic roles of mutations outside the basal core promoter (BCP) and precore regions during the HBeAg-negative stage of chronic infection. Full-length HBV genomes from HBeAg-positive (<i>n</i> = 180) and HBeAg-negative (<i>n</i> = 328) genotype D datasets were analyzed, revealing significantly higher genomic heterogeneity in HBeAg-negative sequences compared with HBeAg-positive genomes (50.4 ± 16.0 vs. 26.6 ± 10.5 nucleotide changes per genome). Twenty-six hotspot amino acid mutations associated with the HBeAg-negative stage were identified, with over half located in the Core region. Subsequently, full-length HBV genomes from six HBeAg-negative patient-derived serum samples were obtained by PCR amplification followed by Sanger sequencing. Infectious clones generated from these genomes, each carrying between 21 and 66 amino acid substitutions, were characterized, showing that mutations in this stage differentially affected viral fitness in vitro by up- or downregulating HBV-DNA levels (ranging from 0.2 to 5 times those of the wild-type isolate), modulating capsid assembly, and altering the expression, secretion, and subcellular localization of viral proteins. In conclusion, while mutations in the BCP and precore regions are the primary drivers of HBeAg seroconversion, mutations outside these regions significantly influence HBV biology and potentially contribute to viral pathogenicity, underscoring the complex interplay between host and virus during the HBeAg-negative stage of chronic infection.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"97 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overexpression of mRNA Leukocyte-Associated Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor 2 (LAIR-2) Levels Correlates With Immune Cell Subtype Infiltration, T Cell Exhaustion, and Its Prognostic Potential in Hepatocellular Carcinoma","authors":"Aya Mohamed Ahmed Ibrahim,&nbsp;Abeer I. Abd El-Fattah,&nbsp;Olfat Gamil Shaker,&nbsp;Ahmed A. Youssef","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.70417","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The immunological microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is characterized by impaired immune responses. Significantly, LAIR-2 levels correlate with immune cell subtype infiltration, T cell exhaustion, and its prognostic potential in HCC. This study aims to assess the diagnostic and prognostic significance of expression levels of Pax8-AS1 and LAIR-2 in patients with HCV and their association with susceptibility to HCC. Pax8-AS1 and LAIR-2 expression levels in the serum of patients were analyzed using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-PCR), while the efficacy of biomarkers in prognostic prediction was assessed by using bioinformatics. The current research showed that Pax8-AS1 had low expression levels in the blood and a positive correlation with portal vein diameter in HCC, which is predictive of portal vein thrombosis (PVT) development. The expression levels of LAIR-2 were elevated in HCV and HCC cases. In HCC, there was an inverse correlation among LAIR-2 and hematology laboratory tests, albumin, tumor nodules, ascites, and splenomegaly. However, there was a positive correlation among LAIR-2, spleen diameter, AFP, and bilirubin. Pax8-AS1 and LAIR-2 showed remarkable diagnostic efficacy, with sensitivity and specificity values, respectively (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) (80%, 80% and 90%, 100%) in HCV and (96.7%, 80% and 93%, 100%) in HCC. LAIR-2 overexpression positively correlates with several critical genes associated with exhausted T cells immune infiltration, T cells, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells. The present data support a novel diagnostic and prognostic function for LAIR2 and PAX8-AS1 in HCC, and its significant association with T cell exhaustion contributes to its promotion in HCC. LAIR-2 detection could provide a new prognosis prediction method, and regulation within T-cell exhaustion, optimizing anti-HCC treatments.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"97 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monkeypox Virus Subverts the Inflammatory Response of Macrophages at the Maternal-Fetal Interface","authors":"Jonatane Andrieu,&nbsp;Margaux Valade,&nbsp;Nathalie Wurtz,&nbsp;Marion Lebideau,&nbsp;Florence Bretelle,&nbsp;Bernard La Scola,&nbsp;Jean-Louis Mège,&nbsp;Soraya Mezouar","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.70412","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Monkeypox is a viral zoonosis caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV). Although the virus was identified decades ago, human immunity to MPXV infection has not been widely characterized. During MPXV infection, macrophages are recruited at the site of infection and are thought to contribute to the spread of the virus. Cases of MPXV vertical transmission were reported in infected pregnant women to the developing fetuses <i>in utero</i> resulting to high viral burden in placenta tissue and abortion. We aim to understand the impact of MPXV infection at the foeto-maternal interface by focusing on macrophages functions. Using full-term placental explant model, macrophages were recruited at site of infection. Isolated naive macrophages are permissive to MPXV infection and secrete high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines associated with a strong M1 polarization profile. Analysis of antiviral gene expression reveals upregulation of <i>IFNA</i> and IFN-associated genes suggesting that MPXV induces the expression of some component of antiviral response from macrophages that are unable to clear the virus. Our study shows that macrophages are permissive to MPXV that subverts inflammatory and antiviral machinery without virus clearance. Such findings contribute to better knowledge of MPXV vertical transmission pathogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"97 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jmv.70412","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence and Placental Transfer of Zika and Dengue Virus Antibodies in Postpartum Women in Southeast Brazil","authors":"Rafael Rahal Guaragna Machado,&nbsp;Marcella Sanches Peres,&nbsp;Samuel Santos Pereira,&nbsp;Ralyria Mello,&nbsp;Danielle Bastos Araujo,&nbsp;Camila Soares Pereira,&nbsp;Boris Pastorino,&nbsp;Danielle Bruna Leal Oliveira,&nbsp;Michele da Silva Jordan Faleiros,&nbsp;Rossana Pulcineli Vieira Franscisco,&nbsp;Carlos Tadashi Yoshizaki,&nbsp;Silvia Maria Ibidi,&nbsp;Xavier de Lamballerie,&nbsp;Luís Carlos de Sousa Ferreira,&nbsp;Edison Luiz Durigon","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.70384","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Zika (ZIKV) and dengue (DENV) viruses are major public health concerns in Brazil. Understanding population serological status, particularly in pregnant women, is vital for estimating their spread. This study assessed ZIKV and DENV seroprevalence in pregnant women and the transplacental transfer of antibodies to their newborns, crucial for early-life protection. A cross-sectional seroprevalence study was conducted with 601 postpartum women and their newborns in São Paulo city, Brazil post-ZIKV fever outbreak. Paired maternal and umbilical blood samples were collected for ZIKV and DENV antibody testing, which was conducted using ELISA and virus neutralization tests. Maternal and neonatal sociodemographic and clinical data were obtained from interviews and medical records. ZIKV and DENV neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) were detected in 2.4% and 31.6% of participants, respectively. Maternal place of birth, parity, education level, and prenatal Toxoplasmosis serology were identified as risk factors associated with ZIKV and/or DENV infection. Effective transplacental transfer of specific ZIKV and DENV antibodies from mothers to newborns was observed. Nulliparous women and those with a history of DENV infection exhibited higher transfer ratios (TR) of DENV antibodies. Low-birthweight and preterm neonates had lower DENV-1 antibody TRs than heavier and term infants. Low seroprevalence of ZIKV and DENV antibodies in the study population indicates a high vulnerability to infection by these viruses. Maternal and neonatal characteristics were associated with seropositivity for ZIKV and DENV and the efficiency of DENV antibody transfer to neonates. These findings can guide public health strategies for evaluating the TR effectiveness of antibodies following future ZIKV and DENV vaccination programs in pregnant women.</p>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"97 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jmv.70384","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Insights Into the Natural History of Anal HSIL","authors":"Aude Jary,&nbsp;Ramon P. van der Zee,&nbsp;Vita Jongen,&nbsp;Timo J. Ter Braak,&nbsp;Yongsoo Kim,&nbsp;Chris J. L. M. Meijer,&nbsp;Carel J. M. van Noesel,&nbsp;Henry J. C. de Vries,&nbsp;Maarten F. Schim van der Loeff,&nbsp;Renske D. M. Steenbergen","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.70397","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 <p>Anal squamous cell carcinoma is commonly associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and preceded by low- and high-grade anal lesions (LSIL; HSIL). We performed a molecular comparison on paired LSIL- and HSIL-lesions collected in a longitudinal fashion to assess their relationship. Fifty biopsies from 22 men diagnosed with LSIL at baseline (T0) who developed HSIL during follow-up (T1) were subjected to a comprehensive molecular analysis: HPV-typing and HPV16 variant, cellular DNA methylation levels, and copy number aberrations (CNA). After histopathological revision, 23 biopsies were classified as LSIL and 27 as HSIL. Both methylation levels and CNA were significantly increased in HSIL compared to LSIL. In 15 out of 22 patients, LSIL at T0 was associated with HSIL at T1. Among them, six showed HPV-type persistence with similar or increased methylation levels and CNA in the HSIL at follow-up. Six patients harbored a different HPV-type in the follow-up biopsy, while in three patients, HPV was not detected or not-typable in one or both lesions. A subset of HSIL preceded by LSIL displayed both HPV-type persistence and an increase in molecular alterations, suggesting that some LSIL may progress to HSIL. In contrast, the HPV-type switch in another subset of HSIL preceded by LSIL, may suggest an alternative pathway of anal carcinogenesis, where HSIL develop directly.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"97 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jmv.70397","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploration of the Pathogenicity and Inflammatory Mechanism of Wuxiang Virus: A Newly Identified Phlebovirus","authors":"Xiaohui Yao,&nbsp;Qikai Yin,&nbsp;Yuke Zheng,&nbsp;Anqi Gu,&nbsp;Ruichen Wang,&nbsp;Shihong Fu,&nbsp;Weijia Zhang,&nbsp;Fan Li,&nbsp;Kai Nie,&nbsp;Qianqian Cui,&nbsp;Songtao Xu,&nbsp;Xiangdong Li,&nbsp;Huanyu Wang","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.70387","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>WUXV is phlebovirus transmitted by sandflies, which can cause death in suckling mice and infect humans and chickens. However, little is known about the pathogenicity and pathogenic mechanisms of animals. Therefore, BALB/c WT mice and BALB/c nude mice were infected with WUXV. No fatal diseases occurred except for weight loss among the BALB/c WT mice, while BALB/c nude mice observed significant neurological symptoms and death. The virus nucleic acid was detected in the organs and blood of both mice. The blood routine showed a significant increase in RDW, and IgM, IgG, and neutralizing antibodies were detected in the serum of the BALB/c WT mice, which were significantly higher than those of BALB/c nude mice. The inflammatory factors in tissues, and pathological section results, indicate that WUXV caused severe inflammatory reactions. In addition, we found that WUXV activates the inflammatory pathway by activating TLR5 and TLR9. Inhibition of TLR5 and TLR9 can eliminate the activation of NF-κb and downstream inflammatory factors. In summary, we systematically studied the pathogenicity and pathogenesis of WUXV infection in mice with different immune states, and found that TLR5 in mammalian cells can serve as RNA sensor, expanding our understanding of the virus.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"97 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144091722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}