Journal of Medical Virology最新文献

{"title":"Global Burden and Economic Impact of HIV/AIDS and Other Sexually Transmitted Infections in Women of Childbearing Age, 1990–2021: Insights From the GBD 2021 Study","authors":"Xinyi Xiong,&nbsp;Yuming Yao,&nbsp;Ying Li,&nbsp;Ying Jiang,&nbsp;Wenting Peng,&nbsp;Qianbin Wang,&nbsp;Xingchao Ma,&nbsp;Lei Fu,&nbsp;Shifang Peng","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70599","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jmv.70599","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 <p>Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV/AIDS, remain a major global public health issue for women of childbearing age (WCBA). However, comprehensive data on their epidemiological and economic burden and long-term trends in this population are limited. This study aims to systematically assess the global, regional, and national burden and temporal trends of HIV/AIDS and other significant STIs among WCBA from 1990 to 2021, and to evaluate the associated economic burden in 2021. Data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 to estimate the incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for HIV/AIDS and other STIs across 204 countries or territories. Temporal trends were assessed using estimated annual percentage change (EAPC). An age-period-cohort model was applied to estimate relative risks, and frontier analysis was used to determine efficiency in resource utilization. The economic burden in 2021 was estimated using an indirect cost approach. In 2021, an estimated 287 million incident cases of HIV/AIDS and other STIs occurred globally. Since 1990, new HIV/AIDS cases have declined by 25.1%, and the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) decreased by 46.5%, while the age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR), age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), and age-standardized DALYs rate (ASDR) increased. In contrast, other STIs saw a 54.3% rise in incident cases, with slight increases in ASIR and ASPR, and decreases in ASMR and ASDR. The burden was highest in low sociodemographic index (SDI) regions and declined with increasing SDI. Sub-Saharan Africa remained the most affected region. Global direct healthcare spending on HIV/AIDS and other STIs among WCBA reached $2.46 billion in 2021, with high-SDI countries accounting for the majority. Low-SDI countries, despite high disease burdens, contributed minimally to global spending. From 1990 to 2021, the burden of HIV/AIDS and other STIs among WCBA increased significantly, with notable regional disparities. Sub-Saharan Africa carries a disproportionately high burden of HIV/AIDS and other STIs yet receives insufficient global attention. Low-SDI populations face greater disease burdens but benefit from less healthcare investment, underscoring the urgent need to strengthen STIs-specific prevention, treatment, and health education in these regions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"97 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145033500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Model Systems of Gammaherpesvirus Infection, Immunity, and Disease","authors":"Arundhati Gupta,&nbsp;Renfeng Li,&nbsp;Kathy Shair,&nbsp;Shou-Jiang Gao","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.70581","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) are oncogenic human gammaherpesviruses (GHVs) associated with a broad spectrum of malignancies and chronic diseases. However, direct studies of these viruses in humans are limited by ethical constraints, technical challenges, and their strict species specificity. To overcome these barriers, researchers have developed surrogate models, with murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV68) emerging as a tractable and widely utilized system. MHV68 shares key genetic and biological features with EBV and KSHV, providing critical insights into GHV pathogenesis, including viral latency, reactivation, immune evasion, and virus-host interactions. This review summarizes current cellular and animal models for GHV research, highlighting the advantages and limitations of MHV68 as a model for studying human GHVs. We explore mechanisms of viral gene function, immune modulation, and host responses, and discuss how these models have advanced our understanding of GHV-associated diseases. Improved model systems will be essential for guiding future experimental approaches and developing targeted therapies for GHV-driven malignancies and other related disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"97 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jmv.70581","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145012572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Human Papillomavirus Genotypes on Anal Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions Among Gay, Bisexual and Other Men Who Have Sex With Men Living With HIV: Beyond HPV-16","authors":"Aroa Villoslada,&nbsp;Adrian Rodriguez,&nbsp;Patricia Sorni,&nbsp;Araceli Serrano,&nbsp;Andrea Salom,&nbsp;Carmen Collado,&nbsp;Mercedes García-Gasalla,&nbsp;Antoni Payeras","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.70596","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Persistent high-risk human papillomavirus (hHPV) infection, especially HPV-16, plays a central role in the development of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL). This study aimed to evaluate the performance of co-testing (cytology and hHPV detection) in a real-world cohort of men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TW) living with HIV. We conducted a prospective study (2017–2023) at a tertiary care center in Spain. MSM and TW living with HIV underwent screening with anal cytology and PCR-based hHPV testing. High-resolution anoscopy (HRA) with biopsy was performed in cases with abnormal cytology and/or hHPV positivity. Clinical, epidemiological, and HIV-related data were collected to identify risk factors for abnormal cytology and biopsy. 734 cytologies were performed in 380 participants. Abnormal cytology was found in 34%, most commonly ASCUS. hHPV was detected in 63.1% of samples; HPV-16 was the most prevalent genotype (19.4%), present in 60% of HSIL cytologies and 65% of AIN2–3 biopsies. Risk factors for abnormal cytology included nadir CD4 &lt; 200 cells/μL (aOR 2.61), prior condylomas (aOR 2.66), and infection with any oncogenic HPV genotype (aOR 4.12). Among 91 HRAs, 29.6% showed AIN2–3% and 2.1% in situ carcinoma. HPV-16, HPV-52, and HPV-66 were most frequently associated with abnormal findings in the cytology. In conclusion, anal HPV infection was prevalent in MSM and TW living with HIV. The genotypes most frequently associated with abnormal cytology and histopathological findings were HPV-16, HPV-52, and HPV-66. These findings highlight the potential value of implementing co-testing strategies in anal dysplasia screening for this high-risk population.</p>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"97 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jmv.70596","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145012746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atypical Herpes Simplex-2 Infection Related to PD-1 Inhibitor Treatment","authors":"Sijia Chen,&nbsp;Yihang Xie,&nbsp;Luxia Chen,&nbsp;Hao Cheng","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.70600","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"97 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145012745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights Into Kaposi Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus-Specific Humoral Responses","authors":"Dicle Yalcin,&nbsp;Eric D. Eymard,&nbsp;Khushi Kiran,&nbsp;Wema Kibanga,&nbsp;Zhou Liu,&nbsp;Charles Wood,&nbsp;For Yue Tso","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.70597","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Kaposi sarcoma (KS) remains a global health concern. In sub-Saharan Africa, where there is a high burden of HIV-1 infection, there is also a high prevalence of infection by the etiologic agent of KS, the KS-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). Despite the successes of antiretroviral treatment (ART), the burden of KS and other KSHV-associated malignancies among people living with HIV under ART remained high, stressing the need for a greater understanding of the immune response against KSHV infection. Here, we review the current information on KSHV-specific humoral response in infected individuals in detail. We discuss the significance of anti-KSHV responses, mechanisms used by KSHV to subvert and modulate humoral immunity, and implications for pathogenesis and therapy. We highlight cutting-edge serological assays and bioinformatics tools that aid the development of effective vaccines against KSHV, underscoring the complexity of the humoral response and its critical role within the context of infection and vaccine design.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"97 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145012184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology and Genetic Surveillance of Human Hepatitis E Virus Infections in Shandong Province, Eastern China, 2019–2023","authors":"Bingyu Yan,&nbsp;Jingjing Lv,&nbsp;Yi Feng,&nbsp;Wenjiao Yin,&nbsp;Xin Meng,&nbsp;Xue Zhao,&nbsp;Li Zhang","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.70595","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hepatitis E virus (HEV) has emerged as a major agent of acute viral hepatitis, with zoonotic genotype 4 (HEV-4) representing a public health concern in China. In this study, we integrated province-wide enhanced hepatitis E surveillance data and molecular profiling from Shandong Province of eastern China, 2019–2023, with the aim of elucidating the epidemiology, genetic diversity, and clinical correlations of autochthonous HEV infections. In total, 5826 cases were reported during the study period, with 72.8% in males and 90.6% aged ≥ 40 years. 695 sequences were obtained from 553 males, 142 females, and an age range of 3–96 years (median 59 years). HEV-4d was predominant (84.0%), followed by 4b (9.9%), 4a (3.7%), and 4h (1.6%). Three HEV-3 strains and two imported HEV-1 strains were also identified. A high degree of nucleotide similarity was observed between dominant HEV-4d strains circulating in human populations and indigenous strains previously isolated from swine, cattle, and sheep within the province. Comparative analysis revealed no statistically association between the four principal HEV-4 subtypes and specific clinical manifestations, likely reflecting conserved pathogenic potential across these subtypes. Ongoing molecular surveillance is essential to monitor evolutionary trends and transmission dynamics of HEV within the framework of One Health.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"97 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145012374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Focused Ultrasound With or Without Anti-HPV β-Glucan Therapy on Persistent Cervical HPV Infection: A Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"Kun Niu,&nbsp;Yi Li,&nbsp;Liying Zhao","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.70588","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Persistent high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a leading cause of cervical cancer worldwide. While prophylactic vaccines exist, many women remain at risk due to prior exposure or limited access to vaccination. Current treatments focus on ablating visible lesions but often fail to clear the virus completely. Adjunctive therapies that enhance immune clearance may improve outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate whether combining focused ultrasound with anti-HPV β-glucan therapy improves HPV clearance and vaginal microecology compared to focused ultrasound alone. A total of 44 women diagnosed with persistent HPV infection were enrolled at Shandong Provincial Third Hospital between October 2022 and December 2023. Participants were randomly assigned to either focused ultrasound alone (control group) or combination therapy (focused ultrasound plus β-glucan dressing). Outcomes included HPV negative conversion rate, vaginal pH, hydrogen peroxide levels, Nugent score, and cellular cleanliness. Assessments were made at baseline and 3 months' post-treatment. The HPV negative conversion rate was significantly higher in the combination group (90.9%) than in the control group (72.7%) (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Combination therapy better restored normal vaginal pH, increased hydrogen peroxide-producing lactobacilli, and reduced inflammation markers. Microbial balance was fully restored in all patients receiving combination therapy versus only 59.09% in the control group. Pathogen profiles, including Nugent and aerobic vaginitis scores, also showed greater improvement in the intervention group. Combining focused ultrasound with anti-HPV β-glucan therapy significantly enhances HPV clearance and restores vaginal homeostasis. This noninvasive dual approach offers a promising option for managing persistent HPV infections.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"97 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145012435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RETRACTION: Exploring Free Amino Acid Profiles in CCHF Patients: Implications for Disease Progression","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.70598","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>RETRACTION:</b> S. A. Büyüktuna, S. İ. Yerlitaş, G. E. Zararsız, K. Doğan, D. Kablan, G. Bağcı, S. Özer, C. Baysal, Y. Çakır, A. Cephe, N. Koçhan, G. Zararsız, and H. O. Doğan, “Exploring Free Amino Acid Profiles in CCHF Patients: Implications for Disease Progression,” <i>Journal of Medical Virology</i> 96, no. 5 (2024): e29672, https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.29672.</p><p>The above article, published online on 15 May 2024 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the journal's editor-in-chief, Shou-Jiang Gao; and Wiley Periodicals LLC. This action has been agreed due to an error at the publishers which caused this duplicate of the article to be published. The authors have been informed of the decision to retract.</p><p>The correct version of the article was published on 21 May 2024 and is to be found at: S. A. Büyüktuna, S. İ. Yerlitaş, G. E. Zararsız, K. Doğan, D. Kablan, G. Bağcı, S. Özer, C. Baysal, Y. Çakır, A. Cephe, N. Koçhan, G. Zararsız, and H. O. Doğan, “Exploring Free Amino Acid Profiles in Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Patients: Implications for Disease Progression,” <i>Journal of Medical Virology</i> 96, no. 5 (2024): e29637, https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.29637</p>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"97 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jmv.70598","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145012373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elevated Soluble HLA-G Levels Associate With Dengue Severity in Vietnamese Patients","authors":"Do Duc Anh,&nbsp;Nguyen Trong The,&nbsp;Le Huu Song,&nbsp;Anja Mueller,&nbsp;Thirumalaisamy P. Velavan,&nbsp;Barbara Seliger","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.70594","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The pathogenesis of dengue remains complex and incompletely understood. One proposed mechanism involves the virus evading host immune responses through the upregulation and/or secretion of immune-inhibitory molecules. This study investigates the association between plasma levels of soluble human leukocyte antigen G (sHLA-G), a known immunoregulatory molecule, and dengue severity in hospitalized patients. A total of 238 dengue patients and 118 healthy controls were enrolled. Dengue infection was confirmed by real-time RT-PCR, and patients were clinically categorized as having dengue fever without warning signs (DF), dengue with warning signs (DWS), or severe dengue (SD), according to WHO guidelines. Laboratory parameters were assessed upon hospital admission, and plasma sHLA-G levels were measured using ELISA. sHLA-G levels were significantly elevated in dengue patients compared to healthy controls (median [range]: 42.7 [7.10–1300] U/mL vs. 11.1 [4.7–620] U/mL; <i>p</i>  &lt;  0.001). After adjusting for age, sex and disease severity, a significant association was observed between sHLA-G levels and days of illness (<i>β</i> = 0.1, <i>p</i> = 0.03). Patients requiring close medical monitoring (DWS/SD) showed higher sHLA-G levels (51.0 [7.17–525] U/mL) than those having dengue fever without warning signs (38.0 [7.10–1300] U/mL); <i>p</i> = 0.011. While ALT and AST were positively correlated with sHLA-G levels in all patients, total lymphocyte counts were inversely correlated with sHLA-G in severe cases (<i>r</i> = −0.78, <i>p</i> = 0.002). Elevated sHLA-G levels are associated with dengue severity and may serve as a useful marker for identifying high-risk cases and for guiding clinical monitoring.</p><p><b>Clinical trial registration:</b> Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"97 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jmv.70594","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Persistent Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) Infection in the Placenta of Pregnant Women","authors":"Gabriela Prates,&nbsp;Xiaoyi Li,&nbsp;Victor Folgosi,&nbsp;George Souza,&nbsp;Sandy Teixeira,&nbsp;Carlos Apoliano,&nbsp;Fernanda Grassi,&nbsp;Jacielma Freire,&nbsp;Jerusa Smid,&nbsp;Michel E. Haziot,&nbsp;Rosa Maria N. Marcusso,&nbsp;Augusto C. P. de Oliveira,&nbsp;Hongjie Chen,&nbsp;Tatiane Assone,&nbsp;Yuyang Tang,&nbsp;Guochun Jiang,&nbsp;Jorge Casseb","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.70585","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) is the primary route of human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection. Although formula feeding reduces breastfeeding-associated transmission, MTCT still occurs, implicating pregnancy or delivery as key transmission windows. In this study, placental tissues from nine HTLV-1–positive mothers were analyzed using DNA/RNAscope, revealing low HTLV-1 DNA and RNA levels and a low RNA/DNA ratio, consistent with latent infection in the placenta and potentially explaining the low MTCT rate. Elevated interferon (IFN)-β levels were observed in infected placentas compared to seronegative controls, while IFNα, IFNγ, and IFITM expression remained unchanged. Concurrently, sustained IFNβ expression in infected placentas suggests its dual roles in HTLV-1 pathogenesis: suppressing viral replication while potentially disrupting placental homeostasis through chronic inflammation. In vitro modeling using BeWo cells or primary trophoblasts cocultured with HTLV-1-infected MT-2 cells demonstrated syncytin-1-mediated viral entry, confirmed by HTLV-1 p19 detection in both trophoblasts. Of note, HTLV-1 transmission was abolished by a syncytin-1-specific fusion inhibitor HRB1, underscoring syncytin-1's essential role in cell-to-cell transmission of HTLV-1. Thus, this study identifies syncytin-1 as a therapeutic target to block vertical transmission and highlights the need to balance antiviral responses with placental integrity in HTLV-1 management.</p>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"97 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jmv.70585","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}