Journal of Medical Virology最新文献

{"title":"Infection of Neuronal Cells by Severe Case Enterovirus A71 Enhances NF-κB Activity and Increases NF-κB Related Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines","authors":"Chun-Yu Shen,&nbsp;Dayna Cheng,&nbsp;Chih-Han Hsueh,&nbsp;Jhen-Wei Ruan,&nbsp;Jen-Ren Wang","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70308","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jmv.70308","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) is the main pathogen of hand-foot-and-mouth disease and sometimes causes neurological disease complications in severe cases. The most recent large EV-A71 outbreak in Taiwan occurred in 2012. We aimed to investigate the gene expression profile of human neuroblastoma cells infected with mild and severe case EV-A71 isolates. EV-A71-infected SK-N-SH cells were sent for RNA sequencing using Illumina Hiseq. Functional gene analysis, qRT-PCR, and luciferase reporter assay were used to investigate the findings obtained from RNA-seq analysis. Expression profile analysis identified 59 significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between mild and severe case EV-A71 infection. Gene ontology analysis showed that most of the genes were involved in the regulation of transcription. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis also showed that the DEGs were mainly enriched in the tumor necrosis factor and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling. We found that EV-A71 may affect neurons to enhance the disease severity by mediating pro-inflammatory cytokines through NF-κB signaling. Additionally, infection with severe case EV-A71 enhances NF-κB activity, increases pro-inflammatory cytokines, and reduces cell survival. These results indicate that possible pathogenic mechanisms that were linked to the neuropathogenesis of EV-A71 infection and the above genes might be potential biomarkers or antiviral targets for the prevention of neuronal complications in severe EV-A71 infections in the future.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"97 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remdesivir for the Treatment of Human Coronavirus OC43 Encephalitis","authors":"Jacques Fourgeaud,&nbsp;Pascal Turlure,&nbsp;Marine Dupont,&nbsp;Nicolas Veyrenche,&nbsp;Clémence Busquet,&nbsp;Sophie Alain,&nbsp;Marianne Leruez-Ville,&nbsp;Nolwenn M. Dheilly,&nbsp;Pierre Frange","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70314","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jmv.70314","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43) is predominantly associated with mild respiratory infections. HCoV-OC43 also has neuroinvasive properties, and severe encephalitis has been described in immunocompromised patients, with fatal outcomes due to the lack of specific antiviral treatment. We report a case of severe febrile encephalitis attributed to HCoV-OC43 that progressively worsened over 3 months in a 65-year-old immunocompromised man. Clinical symptoms improved remarkably after treatment with remdesivir, with an increase of the Glasgow Coma Score from 8 to 14 within 7 days.</p>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"97 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11923506/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lipid Peroxidation and Glutathione Levels Among People Living With HIV Co-infected With Human Coronaviruses in Ghana","authors":"Esimebia Adjovi Amegashie,&nbsp;Caleb Koranteng Kwayisi-Darkwah,&nbsp;Mildred Adusei-Poku,&nbsp;Ruth Oyawole Sikeola,&nbsp;Lawrencia Ami Emefa Ativi,&nbsp;Abigail Ahene,&nbsp;Gabriel Atampugbire,&nbsp;Emmanuel Ayitey Tagoe,&nbsp;Elijah Paintsil,&nbsp;Kwasi Torpey,&nbsp;Osbourne Quaye","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70301","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jmv.70301","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and human coronaviruses (hCoVs) pose two different threats to human health, globally. Oxidative stress is induced during infection by both HIV and hCoVs and contributes to disease severity. The study aims to determine the oxidative stress marker, malondialdehyde (MDA), and antioxidant, glutathione (GSH), levels among PLWH co-infected with human coronaviruses (HIV+/hCoVs+) in Ghana. This is a prospective cross-sectional study that recruited 300 PLWH at three hospitals in Ghana. RNA extraction and PCR were carried out on naso- and oro-pharyngeal swabs taken from three groups of participants: HIV+/hCoVs+, HIV ART-experienced individuals who tested negative for hCoVs (HIV+/hCoVs-), and HIV-negative individuals who tested negative for hCoVS (HIV-/hCoVs-). MDA and GSH levels were determined in the participants using plasma samples. MDA levels of HIV+/hCoVs+ were significantly higher than that of HIV+/hCoVs- and HIV-/hCoVs- <i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001. Reduced GSH levels among the HIV+/hCoVs+ was significantly lower than that of HIV+/hCoVs-, but significantly higher than that of HIV-/hCoVs-. Age group 51+ years showed an increased MDA levels among the HIV+/hCoVs+ group compared to the mono-infected and control group. Among the co-infected HIV+/hCoVs+ group, Abacavir + Lamivudine + Dolutegravir (A + L + D) usage had significantly higher MDA levels than those on Tenoforvir-disoproxil + Lamivudine + Dolutegravir, and there was an association between MDA and GSH levels among those on ART for 1–2 years compared to &gt; 5 years. The study underscores the significant influence of HIV co-infection with human coronaviruses on oxidative stress, emphasizing the need for tailored monitoring and treatment strategies for Ghanaian patients.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"97 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Susceptibility to Lenacapavir Among Newly Diagnosed HIV-Positive Patients Followed Up in Mozambique That Presented With Primary Antiretroviral Resistance to Other Classes","authors":"Cruz S. Sebastião,&nbsp;Jamila Bathy,&nbsp;Tacilta Nhampossa,&nbsp;André Santos,&nbsp;Mafalda Miranda,&nbsp;Neusa Magode Manhiça,&nbsp;Rubão Bila,&nbsp;Delfino Vubil,&nbsp;Sofia Seabra,&nbsp;Maria Rosário O. Martins,&nbsp;Marta Giovanetti,&nbsp;Perpetua Gomes,&nbsp;Marta Pingarilho,&nbsp;Ana B. Abecasis,&nbsp;Victor Pimentel","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70317","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jmv.70317","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Multidrug-resistant HIV patients have limited ART options. Lenacapavir (LEN) is a capsid inhibitor that exhibits substantial antiviral activity in patients with therapeutic failure but is also proposed for PrEP. Herein, we assessed LEN susceptibility among ART-naive HIV patients with drug resistance in Mozambique. In this study, 63 patients with DRM against PIs, NRTIs, NNRTIs, and INSTIs were included. The gag (p24) and env fragments were amplified with a low-cost in-house protocol and sequenced with nanopore. HIVDR database from Stanford University was used to assess LEN resistance and geno2pheno to assess viral tropism and protease/maturation inhibitor-associated mutations. A total of 59 patients were successfully sequenced. About 29% had DRMs to PIs, 5% to NRTI, 83% to NNRTI, and 2% to INSTI. No DRMs to LEN were detected. Additionally, 42% of the sequences presented protease/maturation inhibitor-associated mutations. A relationship was observed between the E138A/G mutation and protease/maturation inhibitors (<i>p</i> = 0.004). We identified changes at the first codon position of position 56 of the p24 <i>gag</i> gene, which represents a key site for resistance to LEN. Also, codon 66 was highly conserved. Our results support the potential effectiveness of lenacapavir as a PrEP regimen or rescue therapy for patients with at least one drug-resistance mutation.</p>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"97 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11923580/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reflections Regarding Validation of New HPV Tests With Reduced HPV Genotypes: Report From an IARC Expert Consultation","authors":"Arianis Tatiana Ramírez,&nbsp;Gary M. Clifford,&nbsp;Joakim Dillner,&nbsp;Louise Kuhn,&nbsp;Marc Arbyn,&nbsp;Neerja Bhatla,&nbsp;Nicolas Wentzensen,&nbsp;Peter Sasien,&nbsp;Priya Abraham,&nbsp;Mary Luz Rol,&nbsp;Maribel Almonte,&nbsp;Partha Basu","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70310","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jmv.70310","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of the 12 HPV genotypes classified as carcinogenic to humans (Group 1), over 95% of HPV-positive cervical cancers are linked to eight genotypes (HPV16/18/31/33/35/45/52/58). Screening programmes may consider HPV tests incorporating only these genotypes to improve screening efficiency and reduce programmatic costs. Validation of such tests requires fine-tuning of existing criteria. An expert group convened by the International Agency for Research on Cancer discussed how existing criteria by Meijer et al. for HPV screening clinical validation should be adapted to evaluate new reduced-valency HPV tests. Experts identified four key criteria: (1) Clinical performance criteria should meet WHO HPV test Target Product Profiles (TPP) minimal standards with high relative sensitivity ( ≥ 0.90 for CIN2+ and ≥ 0.95 for CIN3+) and relative specificity ( ≥ 0.98 for ≤ CIN1) to detect CIN2/3+ lesions associated with types targeted by the test, as established by a comparator test providing information on the presence of the targeted genotypes; (2) Comparator tests should be clinically validated according to Meijer criteria principles for comparator tests, and should offer HPV genotyping to detect at least the types included in the reduced-valency test; (3) Cervical samples should be representative of a population-based screening programme; (4) Intra- and inter-laboratory reproducibility should adhere to Meijer criteria and, preferentially also the more stringent TPP. As the global HPV type distribution in cervical cancer is well known, a future evaluation strategy may consider including both virological and simplified clinical standards. The consultation highlights essential criteria building on existing clinical accuracy standards, enriched with analytical standards. These criteria will be instrumental in ensuring both accuracy and reliability of new reduced-valency HPV tests for cervical cancer screening highly needed to assure 70% coverage aim of cervical cancer elimination.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"97 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HBV Recurrence Detected by HBV-Related Serum Markers and Immune Escape Mutations in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients Following Liver Transplantation","authors":"Chien-Ming Chiang,&nbsp;Yih-Jyh Lin,&nbsp;Wen-Chun Liu,&nbsp;Tsung-Ching Chou,&nbsp;Chih-Hsuan Tsai,&nbsp;Ting-Tsung Chang,&nbsp;I-Chin Wu","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70306","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jmv.70306","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The posttransplantation recurrence rate of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is underestimated and linked with unfavorable outcomes. We investigated HBV recurrence by serum assays in patients with CHB following liver transplantation. We enrolled patients with CHB who underwent liver transplantation between March 2001 and July 2021 to participate in cross-sectional testing for HBV-related serum markers, including biochemical analysis for HBsAg and hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg) and real-time RT-PCR/PCR for HBV RNA and HBV DNA, in 2022. HBV recurrence in this study was defined as positive results of at least one posttransplantation HBV-related serum markers. Next-generation sequencing was performed for those with posttransplantation virological breakthroughs. Ninety-six patients with CHB who underwent liver transplantation were enrolled. Among 84 patients who received grafts negative for HBsAg, 41 (48.8%) exhibited HBV recurrence, and they tested positive for either HBsAg or HBcrAg, or both. High-risk patients, identified using a risk stratification model, had a higher likelihood of recurrence than low-risk patients (odds ratio: 2.59, 95% confidence interval: 1.06–6.35, <i>p</i> = 0.038). In 51 patients who tested negative for HBsAg after receiving HBsAg-negative grafts, 8 (15.7%) had positive HBcrAg, indicating occult HBV infection (OBI). We identified immune escape mutations and altered N-glycosylation patterns on the surface protein in patients experiencing virological breakthroughs following lamivudine resistance. HBsAg plus HBcrAg levels can be used to detect posttransplantation HBV recurrence. The OBI prevalence was higher in patients transplanted with HBsAg-negative liver grafts compared to blood donors, vaccinated young population, and community-based populations reported in literatures, possibly because of immune escape mutations or altered N-glycosylation patterns of surface proteins.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"97 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Interpretable Machine Learning Models to Predict the Risk Factors of HBV-Related Liver Cirrhosis in CHB Patients Based on Routine Clinical Data: A Retrospective Cohort Study","authors":"Wei Xia,&nbsp;Yafeng Tan,&nbsp;Bing Mei,&nbsp;Yizheng Zhou,&nbsp;Jufang Tan,&nbsp;Zhaxi Pubu,&nbsp;Bu Sang,&nbsp;Tao Jiang","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.70302","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection represents a significant global public health issue, often leading to hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related liver cirrhosis (HBV-LC) with poor prognoses. Early identification of HBV-LC risk is essential for timely intervention. This study develops and compares nine machine learning (ML) models to predict HBV-LC risk in CHB patients using routine clinical and laboratory data. A retrospective analysis was conducted involving 777 CHB patients, with 50.45% (392/777) progressing to HBV-LC. Admission data consisted of 52 clinical and laboratory variables, with missing values addressed using multiple imputation. Feature selection utilized Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression and the Boruta algorithm, identifying 24 key variables. The evaluated ML models included XGBoost, logistic regression (LR), LightGBM, random forest (RF), AdaBoost, Gaussian naive Bayes (GNB), multilayer perceptron (MLP), support vector machine (SVM), and k-nearest neighbors (KNN). The data set was partitioned into an 80% training set (<i>n</i> = 621) and a 20% independent testing set (<i>n</i> = 156). Cross-validation (CV) facilitated hyperparameter tuning and internal validation of the optimal model. Performance metrics included the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), Brier score, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and F1 score. The RF model demonstrated superior performance, with AUCs of 0.992 (training) and 0.907 (validation), while the reconstructed model achieved AUCs of 0.944 (training) and 0.945 (validation), maintaining an AUC of 0.863 in the testing set. Calibration curves confirmed a strong alignment between observed and predicted probabilities. Decision curve analysis indicated that the RF model provided the highest net benefit across threshold probabilities. The SHAP algorithm identified RPR, PLT, HBV DNA, ALT, and TBA as critical predictors. This interpretable ML model enhances early HBV-LC prediction and supports clinical decision-making in resource-limited settings.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"97 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143646011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to “Long-Lasting Protection and Dose Optimization of MPXV Polyvalent Mpox mRNA Vaccines Against Lethal Vaccinia Virus Challenge in Mice”","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.70309","url":null,"abstract":"<p>X. Chuai, T. Ye, B. Zhao, Y. Wu, C. Guo, F. Li, J. Zhou, K. Zhang, Y. Wang, Y. Liu, Y. Xie, J. Zhang, and S. Chiu, “Long-Lasting Protection and Dose Optimization of MPXV Polyvalent Mpox mRNA Vaccines Against Lethal Vaccinia Virus Challenge in Mice, ” <i>Journal of Medical Virology</i> 97, no. 1 (2025), e70143. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.70143</p><p>In the first paragraph of Section 3.3, the text “BALB/c mice (<i>n </i>= 6).” was incorrect. This should have read: “BALB/c mice (<i>n</i> = 5).</p><p>In paragraph 5 of the “Results” section, the text “As shown in Figure 4A, all the mice immunized with…” was incomplete in the number of mice in each group. This should have read: “As shown in Figure 4A, all the mice (<i>n</i> = 10 in the experimental group, <i>n</i> = 8 in the control group) immunized with…”</p><p>In Figure 3, the same image was used for Figure 3G,K. Figure 3K should change to the following image:</p><p>In Figure 4B, we made mistakes when drawing the graph. According to Figure 4A, on the sixth day, although two mice were still alive, they were in a moribund state, and their body weight had decreased by more than 25% of their initial body weight. And the two mice were humanely euthanized according to the statement in paragraph 3 of the “Materials and Methods” section “the mice were euthanized when weight loss exceeded 25% of their initial body weight.” Figure 4B should be changed to the following image:</p><p>We apologize for these errors.</p>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"97 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jmv.70309","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143646009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hantaan Virus (HTNV) Human Infection on Jeju Island, South Korea: Unique Phylogeny and Epidemiology of HTNV","authors":"Misun Kim,&nbsp;Sang Taek Heo,&nbsp;Su Yeon Kang,&nbsp;EunJin Bae,&nbsp;Jeong Rae Yoo,&nbsp;Yoon-Jae Song,&nbsp;Michael Wiley,&nbsp;Jessica D. Wiley,&nbsp;Huy Chau Nguyen,&nbsp;Andrew G. Letizia,&nbsp;Keun Hwa Lee","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.70305","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Orthohantavirus hantanense&lt;/i&gt; (Hantaan virus, HTNV) is an enveloped, tripartite, negative-sense, and single-stranded RNA virus (seven serotypes and genotypes of HTNV) that infects various species of rodents [&lt;span&gt;1, 2&lt;/span&gt;]. Striped field mice (&lt;i&gt;Apodemus agrarius&lt;/i&gt;) are natural reservoirs of HTNV with the virus identifiable in urine and feces [&lt;span&gt;1-5&lt;/span&gt;]. Spread to humans occurs after contact with infected rodents, their droppings, urine, or possibly inhalation of virus particles in places containing large amounts of rodent droppings. HTNV can cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), which can lead to kidney damage [&lt;span&gt;1-3&lt;/span&gt;]. The clinical presentation of HFRS often includes fever, shock, hemorrhage, and acute renal failure [&lt;span&gt;1-3&lt;/span&gt;]. Globally, approximately 100,000 cases of HFRS are reported annually, with the majority occurring in China, Russia, and South Korea [&lt;span&gt;1-4&lt;/span&gt;]. Although HTNV infection is frequently reported in China, each year in Taiwan, HTNV causes 0-4 human cases of HFRS and not endemic country [&lt;span&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In South Korea, approximately 400 cases of HFRS caused by HTNV are reported per year, with a mean mortality rate of 1%–4%. Cases often come in two peaks with the majority of HTNV infection occurring between October and December and a second period from May and July. Approximately 18 HFRS cases were reported from 2011 to 2019 on Jeju Island, South Korea [&lt;span&gt;3, 6&lt;/span&gt;]. However, human HTNV infection has not been confirmed on Jeju Island, which is located at the southern end of the Korean Peninsula and among Japan, Taiwan, and China (33°0′ N, 126°0′ E).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this study, we found autochthonous cases of human HTNV on Jeju Island in 2024 with a clinical presentation consistent with HFRS. A total of 4 HFRS cases were laboratory confirmed and were treated at Jeju National University Hospital (JNUH) from April 2024 to June 2024 (Table 1). The Institutional Review Board of JNUH approved the study (IRB file no. 2024-09-028) and all the subjects signed informed consent forms. For the molecular diagnosis of HTNV infection, we performed nested PCR to amplify the partial large (L) segment of the viral RNA from the stored blood and confirm HTNV infection. We sequenced the nested PCR products (356 bp) via the BigDye Terminator Cycle Sequencing Kit (Perkin Elmer Applied Biosystems, Warrington, UK) [&lt;span&gt;7, 8&lt;/span&gt;]. Phylogenetic analysis was performed with Bayesian inference in BEAST (v1.10.4) using the best-fit model (GTR + I + G) identified by jModelTest (v2.1.10) (Supplementary Data).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Autochthonous human HTNV infections on Jeju Island in 2024 may have occurred during a period similar to the previous period (minor epidemic periods, May and July) reported for the Korean Peninsula (Table 1) [&lt;span&gt;3, 4&lt;/span&gt;]. All the patients lived on Jeju Island; none reported a history of travel to the HTNV endemic region for HTNV on the Korean Peninsula nor to other endemic","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"97 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jmv.70305","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Superior Performance of Newly Developed Alinity Anti-HCV Next Assay in the Diagnosis of HCV Infection","authors":"Suresh Ponnuvel,&nbsp;Hussain Ali,&nbsp;Arul Prakash,&nbsp;Runal John Steve,&nbsp;Bakthalal Singh,&nbsp;Anne George Cherian,&nbsp;Ashish Goel,&nbsp;Uday George Zachariah,&nbsp;Chundamannil Eapen Eapen,&nbsp;Carsten Buenning,&nbsp;David J. Daghfal,&nbsp;Rajesh Kannangai,&nbsp;Priya Abraham,&nbsp;Gnanadurai John Fletcher","doi":"10.1002/jmv.70307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.70307","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>World Health Organization recommends anti-HCV antibody testing for primary screening to be followed by HCV-RNA. However, current serological assays are prone to false-positive results. We ascertained the ability of the newly developed Abbott Alinity-i anti-HCV Next assay (Research-Use-Only) to resolve false-positives and profiled its performance edges. Samples (<i>n</i> = 2186) received from January to June 2024 were subjected to anti-HCV testing using Architect and anti-HCV Next (Abbott), and LIAISON XL MUREX HCV antibody assays. Samples were categorized based on the signal to cutoff (S/CO) of on-market anti-HCV assays (Architect and Liaison) as negative ^{Architect &lt;1} (<i>n</i> = 1537), equivocal ^{Architect ≥1/Liaison-} (<i>n</i> = 226), low-positive ^{Architect+ ≥1 to &lt;8/Liaison+} (<i>n</i> = 228) and high-positive ^{Architect ≥8/Liaison+} (<i>n</i> = 195). Hepatitis C virus core antigen (HCVcAg) and HCV-RNA were quantified using Architect HCVcAg and Abbott real-time PCR, respectively. Performance on seroconversion and proficiency testing panels were assessed. Significant proportion of equivocal (99%) &amp; low-positive (76.3%) samples were negative in Next (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001). The signal intensities of Next were significantly lower for true-negative and higher for positives than the other two assays (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001). Next exhibited superior (10–12 days) seroconversion sensitivity (2/4 panels) and comparable performance between genotypes (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). Our findings suggest that the newly developed anti-HCV Next assay is configured better to resolve challenging false-positives and to achieve exquisite sensitivity, thereby reducing the burden/cost of retesting and expensive reflex testing for the effective cascade of care.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":"97 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}