{"title":"Enhancing the Detection Performance of Light-Addressable Potentiometric Sensor Using Efficient Light Source Excitation","authors":"Jie Tan, Zigeng Huang, Xin Cao, Shibin Liu, Jiezhang Luo, Yinghao Chen, Wenbo Zhao","doi":"10.1002/elan.12009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.12009","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000Light-addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS), as a potentiometric semiconductor field-effect electrochemical sensor with the advantages of high sensitivity, low cost, and simple fabrication, has been developed as an important tool for the label-free detection of biochemical species. An important challenge is that its output signal is small, its sensing capability and anti-interference capability are weak, and it needs to be further improved. In this paper, the effect of six typical waveforms as light-source excitations on the outputs, pH-sensing, and the resistance to noise interference of LAPS is innovatively investigated to seek efficient illumination. The frequency-dependent photocurrent, anti-interference capability, and pH-sensing of LAPS under different waveform excitation conditions are evaluated and compared. The experimental results show that LAPS using illumination excited with a square wave has the maximum photocurrent and signal-to-noise ratio, the enhancement ratio of the photocurrent close to the theoretical value, high sensitivity, and linearity compared to other waveform excitations. This simple and efficient illumination scheme will open new way for improving the detection performance of LAPS as well as biochemical sensors based on the semiconductor field effect principle.</p>","PeriodicalId":162,"journal":{"name":"Electroanalysis","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143118476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Electrochemical Sensor Built on Graphene@Iron-Based Metal–Organic Frameworks for Simultaneous Detection of Cd2+ and Pb2+","authors":"Xiaofang Zheng, Yujie Han, Zhiguang Liu, Shufeng Liang, Chunyan Wang, Yujing Guo","doi":"10.1002/elan.12002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.12002","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The contamination of heavy metal ions (HMIs) in the environment poses a serious threat to health and safety. It is essential to efficiently and accurately detect multiple HMIs in environmental samples for water quality monitoring. In this work, a two-dimensional material composed of polyvinylpyrrolidone/graphene and iron-based metal–organic frameworks (PVP/GNs@Fe-MOF) was synthesized by ultrasonic method. This material combines the advantages of PVP/GNs and Fe-MOF, exhibiting enhanced conductivity, large specific surface area, and porosity, thus broadening the application potential of MOF and demonstrating excellent performance in electrochemical sensing. Using PVP/GNs@Fe-MOF as the electrode material, a simple electrochemical sensing platform was constructed for the simultaneous detection of Cd<sup>2+</sup> and Pb<sup>2+</sup>. The results show good analytical performance with linear ranges of 0.030–1.0 μmol/L for Cd<sup>2+</sup> and 3.0 nmol/L−1.0 μmol/L for Pb<sup>2+</sup>, and the limit of detection of 0.010 μmol/L and 1.0 nmol/L (S/N = 3), respectively. The rapid and sensitive simultaneous detection of Cd<sup>2+</sup> and Pb<sup>2+</sup> in real sample was also achieved.</p>","PeriodicalId":162,"journal":{"name":"Electroanalysis","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143118516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiezhang Luo, Shibin Liu, Yinghao Chen, Jie Tan, Wenbo Zhao, Yaoxin Zheng, Yongyi Yang, Yun Zhang, Yiming Pan, Yue Tan, Guifang Li, Yongqian Du, Huijuan Li
{"title":"Chemical Imaging Optimization of Light Addressable Potentiometric Sensor on Amplitude-Phase Mode","authors":"Jiezhang Luo, Shibin Liu, Yinghao Chen, Jie Tan, Wenbo Zhao, Yaoxin Zheng, Yongyi Yang, Yun Zhang, Yiming Pan, Yue Tan, Guifang Li, Yongqian Du, Huijuan Li","doi":"10.1002/elan.12003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.12003","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Light-addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS) is one of the label-free chemical imaging sensors and attractive for its flexible imaging capability coming from its unique addressing mechanism. Imaging quality of LAPS is limited by illumination intensity and stability of light source. In this study, the amplitude-phase mode, which combines the advantages of constant-bias mode and phase mode, is proposed. The role of amplitude-phase mode in suppressing illumination interference and improving imaging quality has been theoretically proven. Better spatial resolution and the more realistic imaging effect are realized by LAPS in amplitude-phase mode. The amplitude-phase mode LAPS provides a feasible implementation for improving LAPS spatial resolution under a reducing illumination intensity.</p>","PeriodicalId":162,"journal":{"name":"Electroanalysis","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143118292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On-Demand Photochemical Modification of Glassy Carbon Surface","authors":"Mahdi Hesari, Mark S. Workentin","doi":"10.1002/elan.12004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.12004","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Chemical modification of carbonaceous materials is a convenient and reliable approach for the permanent fabrication of functional moieties. Among different linkers, diazirines offer a photogenerated reactive carbene that can insert into X–H (X; O, N) and add to <i>π</i> bonds to tether a variety of moieties on the surface of carbonaceous materials. Explicitly, 3-phenyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-3H-diazirine is more thermally and chemically stable within the diazirine family. Here, we synthesized 3-(ferrocenylalkyloxy)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-diazirine derivatives and utilized them to covalently modify the surface of glassy carbon (GC). The photogenerated carbene enabled the tethering of the ferrocene (Fc) to the surface of a GC electrode (GCE). The modified surface properties were investigated using different electrochemical techniques, ellipsometry spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Electrochemical surface responses in KCl and Ru(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>6</sub><sup>3+</sup> solutions clearly exhibited ferrocene redox behavior and surface blocking during modification, respectively. Surface analysis results revealed a clear correlation between the thickness and capacitance current of the modified surface. More importantly, the obtained electrochemistry data show substantial chemical stability of the covalently tethered Fc on the GCE surface in both aqueous and nonaqueous media. The presented work offers an approach for the on-demand photochemical formation of carbene from diazirines to add functionality for applications of modified electrodes in electrocatalysis and sensing.</p>","PeriodicalId":162,"journal":{"name":"Electroanalysis","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143118293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Innovative Nanoparticle Modified Carbon Paste Microsensor for Ultrasensitive and Selective Detection of Danofloxacin in Environmental and Urinary Samples","authors":"Siham Amra, Saliha Bourouina-Bacha, Mustapha Bourouina, Didier Hauchard","doi":"10.1002/elan.12007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.12007","url":null,"abstract":"<p>An ultrasensitive and selective voltammetric microsensor (multiwalled carbon nanotube [MWCNT]/carbon black nanoparticle [nCB])-modified carbon paste microelectrode (mCPµE) with ultra-trace level detection limit is designed for the determination of danofloxacin (DAN) in real samples. The (MWCNT/nCB)-mCPµE consists of a carbon paste cavity microelectrode (MEC) modified with nCBs and MWCNTs. The nanostructure of the different MEC materials are characterized by scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Under optimal conditions, a wide linear range (2.5 × 10<sup>−9</sup>–2.5 × 10<sup>−7</sup> mol L<sup>−1</sup>) is obtained. The detection and quantification limits are estimated at 4.3 × 10<sup>−10</sup> and 1.43 × 10<sup>−9</sup> mol L<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. For the measurement of DAN in the presence of many possible interfering chemical molecules, the suggested microsensor demonstrates remarkable selectivity. Analysis of the real samples confirms that the (MWCNT/nCB)-mCPµE is a suitable electrochemical sensor for the determination of DAN in wastewater and urine samples with satisfactory recoveries of 103.5%–104.6% and relative standard deviations less than 4.93%. Finally, in terms of sustainability (availability of materials used), analytical efficiency (precision and very low limit of quantification), and economic considerations (use of a very small quantity of materials), the proposed method outperforms previously reported methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":162,"journal":{"name":"Electroanalysis","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143118294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Graphene Quantum Dot-Based SEPSIS Immunosensor Using Procalcitonin as a Biomarker","authors":"Göksu Can, Vasfiye Hazal Özyurt, Burak Ekrem Çitil, Ülkü Anik","doi":"10.1002/elan.12010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.12010","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study presents a targeted impedimetric immunosensor for the detection of procalcitonin (PCT), a biomarker associated with SEPSIS. The immunosensor was operated based on the interaction between PCT antibody (anti-PCT) and PCT antigen, utilizing graphene quantum dot (GQD)-modified carbon screen-printed electrode (SPCE). Herein, GQDs, known for their large surface area and excellent electrical conductivity, served as the matrix for immobilizing anti-PCT, thereby enhancing the electrochemical signal. Following the immobilization of anti-PCT onto the GQD@SPCE, the interaction between anti-PCT and with PCT antigen was monitored by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Experimental parameters were optimized, and the analytical characteristics were extensively evaluated. The developed impedimetric PCT immunosensor demonstrated a linear detection range of 0.1–10 ng/mL for PCT, with a detection limit of 0.01 ng/mL and a quantification limit of 0.03 ng/mL. Finally, developed GQD-based impedimetric PCT immunosensor was applied to low- and high-level original control serum samples of the selected kit and very promising recovery values were obtained.</p>","PeriodicalId":162,"journal":{"name":"Electroanalysis","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143118524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiezhang Luo, Shibin Liu, Yinghao Chen, Jie Tan, Wenbo Zhao, Yaoxin Zheng, Yongyi Yang, Yun Zhang, Yiming Pan, Yue Tan, Guifang Li, Yongqian Du, Huijuan Li
{"title":"Chemical Imaging Optimization of Light Addressable Potentiometric Sensor on Amplitude-Phase Mode","authors":"Jiezhang Luo, Shibin Liu, Yinghao Chen, Jie Tan, Wenbo Zhao, Yaoxin Zheng, Yongyi Yang, Yun Zhang, Yiming Pan, Yue Tan, Guifang Li, Yongqian Du, Huijuan Li","doi":"10.1002/elan.12003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.12003","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Light-addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS) is one of the label-free chemical imaging sensors and attractive for its flexible imaging capability coming from its unique addressing mechanism. Imaging quality of LAPS is limited by illumination intensity and stability of light source. In this study, the amplitude-phase mode, which combines the advantages of constant-bias mode and phase mode, is proposed. The role of amplitude-phase mode in suppressing illumination interference and improving imaging quality has been theoretically proven. Better spatial resolution and the more realistic imaging effect are realized by LAPS in amplitude-phase mode. The amplitude-phase mode LAPS provides a feasible implementation for improving LAPS spatial resolution under a reducing illumination intensity.</p>","PeriodicalId":162,"journal":{"name":"Electroanalysis","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143118342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Manal A. Alossaimi, Taibah Aldakhil, Heba Elmansi, Galal Magdy, Heba M. Hashem
{"title":"A Novel Green Electrochemical Approach for the Determination of the Recently Approved Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Dacomitinib in Dosage Forms","authors":"Manal A. Alossaimi, Taibah Aldakhil, Heba Elmansi, Galal Magdy, Heba M. Hashem","doi":"10.1002/elan.12005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.12005","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The current study introduces the first voltammetric approach for the quantitation of the recently approved anticancer medication dacomitinib (DCN). The developed method is based on examining the electrode's voltammetric behavior with carbon paste. In this approach, both square wave and cyclic voltammetry were used. To achieve a satisfactory sensitivity, the measuring instrumental parameters were carefully studied using square-wave voltammetry. The limits of detection and quantitation were 6.7 × 10<sup>−7</sup> and 2.0 × 10<sup>−6</sup> M, respectively, indicating the method's high sensitivity. The anodic peak current increased linearly with DCN concentration over the range of 2.3 × 10<sup>−6</sup>–1.5 × 10<sup>−5</sup> M upon adjusting the pH at 4 with Britton–Robinson buffer. The electrochemical method was fully validated as per the International Council of Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. The inter- and intra-assay precision relative standard deviation (%RSD) values were ≤1.809. This approach was applied to determine the drug in its pharmaceutical tablets (Vizimpro) with satisfactory %recoveries (98.8–100.9). The statistical results were favorably compared to those provided by a reported spectrofluorimetric method. The greenness and eco-friendliness of the designed approach were demonstrated using the Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI) and Analytical GREEnness (AGREE) tools, suggesting its usage as an environmentally friendly alternative for the routine assay of the investigated drug.</p>","PeriodicalId":162,"journal":{"name":"Electroanalysis","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143118520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On-Demand Photochemical Modification of Glassy Carbon Surface","authors":"Mahdi Hesari, Mark S. Workentin","doi":"10.1002/elan.12004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.12004","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Chemical modification of carbonaceous materials is a convenient and reliable approach for the permanent fabrication of functional moieties. Among different linkers, diazirines offer a photogenerated reactive carbene that can insert into X–H (X; O, N) and add to <i>π</i> bonds to tether a variety of moieties on the surface of carbonaceous materials. Explicitly, 3-phenyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-3H-diazirine is more thermally and chemically stable within the diazirine family. Here, we synthesized 3-(ferrocenylalkyloxy)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-diazirine derivatives and utilized them to covalently modify the surface of glassy carbon (GC). The photogenerated carbene enabled the tethering of the ferrocene (Fc) to the surface of a GC electrode (GCE). The modified surface properties were investigated using different electrochemical techniques, ellipsometry spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Electrochemical surface responses in KCl and Ru(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>6</sub><sup>3+</sup> solutions clearly exhibited ferrocene redox behavior and surface blocking during modification, respectively. Surface analysis results revealed a clear correlation between the thickness and capacitance current of the modified surface. More importantly, the obtained electrochemistry data show substantial chemical stability of the covalently tethered Fc on the GCE surface in both aqueous and nonaqueous media. The presented work offers an approach for the on-demand photochemical formation of carbene from diazirines to add functionality for applications of modified electrodes in electrocatalysis and sensing.</p>","PeriodicalId":162,"journal":{"name":"Electroanalysis","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143118521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Innovative Nanoparticle Modified Carbon Paste Microsensor for Ultrasensitive and Selective Detection of Danofloxacin in Environmental and Urinary Samples","authors":"Siham Amra, Saliha Bourouina-Bacha, Mustapha Bourouina, Didier Hauchard","doi":"10.1002/elan.12007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.12007","url":null,"abstract":"<p>An ultrasensitive and selective voltammetric microsensor (multiwalled carbon nanotube [MWCNT]/carbon black nanoparticle [nCB])-modified carbon paste microelectrode (mCPµE) with ultra-trace level detection limit is designed for the determination of danofloxacin (DAN) in real samples. The (MWCNT/nCB)-mCPµE consists of a carbon paste cavity microelectrode (MEC) modified with nCBs and MWCNTs. The nanostructure of the different MEC materials are characterized by scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Under optimal conditions, a wide linear range (2.5 × 10<sup>−9</sup>–2.5 × 10<sup>−7</sup> mol L<sup>−1</sup>) is obtained. The detection and quantification limits are estimated at 4.3 × 10<sup>−10</sup> and 1.43 × 10<sup>−9</sup> mol L<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. For the measurement of DAN in the presence of many possible interfering chemical molecules, the suggested microsensor demonstrates remarkable selectivity. Analysis of the real samples confirms that the (MWCNT/nCB)-mCPµE is a suitable electrochemical sensor for the determination of DAN in wastewater and urine samples with satisfactory recoveries of 103.5%–104.6% and relative standard deviations less than 4.93%. Finally, in terms of sustainability (availability of materials used), analytical efficiency (precision and very low limit of quantification), and economic considerations (use of a very small quantity of materials), the proposed method outperforms previously reported methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":162,"journal":{"name":"Electroanalysis","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143118343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}