Electroanalysis最新文献

{"title":"Silkworm Cocoon-Templated Hierarchical Co3O4 for Non-Enzymatic Electrochemical Detection of H2O2","authors":"Long Zhao,&nbsp;Xue Yu,&nbsp;Shuai Zheng,&nbsp;Kai Zhang","doi":"10.1002/elan.70140","DOIUrl":"10.1002/elan.70140","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) is ubiquitous in food disinfection, environmental matrices, and biological systems. Therefore, rapid, sensitive, and reliable determination of H₂O₂ is essential for risk surveillance and quality control. Herein, spinel Co₃O₄ with a hierarchical porous architecture was prepared via a biomass-templated impregnation-calcination strategy using natural silkworm cocoons and subsequently employed to fabricate an enzyme-free electrochemical H₂O₂ sensing electrode (Co₃O₄/glassy carbon electrode (GCE)). Morphological and structural characterizations confirm the formation of phase-pure, polycrystalline Co₃O₄ with a uniform nanoscale texture, which provides abundant accessible active sites and efficient mass-transport pathways. Under the optimized working potential of −0.4 V, chronoamperometric measurements reveal fast, stable, and highly reproducible stepwise current responses toward H₂O₂. The steady-state current exhibits a good linear relationship with H₂O₂ concentration over 4–3160 μM, delivering a sensitivity of 0.284 μA μM⁻¹·cm⁻² and a detection limit of 1.6 μM. The sensor shows strong tolerance to common inorganic salts and biologically relevant interferents, retaining 90.34% of its initial response after 18 d. Excellent repeatability and electrode-to-electrode reproducibility are achieved with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 4.11% and 3.64%, respectively, and satisfactory recoveries of 99.7%–104.6% (RSD &lt; 2.5%) are obtained in spiked tap-water samples. Kinetic analysis yields an apparent diffusion coefficient (<i>D</i>_app) of 1.2 × 10⁻⁵ cm²·s⁻¹ and an apparent catalytic rate constant (<i>k</i>_cat) of 3.2 × 10⁵ M⁻¹·s⁻¹, indicating favorable mass transfer coupled with fast interfacial reaction kinetics. Overall, the biomass-templated Co₃O₄/GCE achieves a balanced performance in terms of a wide linear range, low detection limit, and high reliability without resorting to complicated compositing or conductive additives, offering a green and straightforward enzyme-free electrochemical platform for H₂O₂ monitoring in food safety and water analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":162,"journal":{"name":"Electroanalysis","volume":"38 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147668497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction of Electrochemical Sensors Based on Zirconium-Based Metal–Organic Framework Composites and Their Detection of Cadmium","authors":"Xinyu Mao,&nbsp;Yang Liu,&nbsp;Zhuoning Dong,&nbsp;Shangrui Xie,&nbsp;Shijia Long","doi":"10.1002/elan.70141","DOIUrl":"10.1002/elan.70141","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study presents a high-performance electrochemical sensor for the sensitive and selective detection of Cd²⁺ in water. The sensor was fabricated by modifying a glassy carbon electrode with a composite of amino-functionalized zirconium-based metal-organic framework (NH₂-UiO-66) and carbon black (CB). The amino groups of NH₂-UiO-66 serve as specific capture sites for Cd²⁺, enriching the analyte on the electrode surface. Simultaneously, the CB forms a three-dimensional conductive network that facilitates efficient electron transfer. This synergistic “enrichment-conduction” mechanism effectively compensates for the poor conductivity of the metal-organic framework (MOF) and significantly amplifies the electrochemical response signal. Quantitative analysis was performed using differential pulse voltammetry, with key parameters including deposition potential, deposition time, and supporting electrolyte pH systematically optimized. Under optimal conditions, the sensor exhibited a linear detection range of 0.1–10 μM (<i>R</i>² = 0.9998), a high sensitivity of 9.475 μA/μM, and a low detection limit of 0.02 μM. Furthermore, the sensor demonstrated excellent reproducibility, stability, and anti-interference ability. It was successfully applied to determine Cd²⁺ in real water samples, with spiked recovery rates ranging from 93.34% to 103.8%. This NH₂-UiO-66@CB-based electrochemical sensing platform offers significant potential for the rapid and sensitive monitoring of heavy metal ions in environmental applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":162,"journal":{"name":"Electroanalysis","volume":"38 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147668518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrochemical Detection of Triglycerides Using a TEMPO/Lipase-Modified Electrode","authors":"Kyoko Sugiyama,&nbsp;Ayumi Kirii,&nbsp;Fumiya Sato,&nbsp;Kentaro Yoshida,&nbsp;Shigehiro Takahashi,&nbsp;Yoshitomo Kashiwagi,&nbsp;Tsutomu Fujimura,&nbsp;Kazuhiro Watanabe,&nbsp;Tetsuya Ono,&nbsp;Katsuhiko Sato","doi":"10.1002/elan.70130","DOIUrl":"10.1002/elan.70130","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A phenol-substituted derivative of the representative electrocatalyst 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl (TEMPO), designated as 2-PH-TEMPO, was synthesized. Using this compound, a modified electrode was prepared via electrochemical polymerization, enabling the encapsulated immobilization of lipase. This electrode allowed the electrochemical detection of triglycerides (TG) through a single-enzyme reaction. The polymer film formed by the electropolymerization of 2-PH-TEMPO retained the electrooxidative activity of the TEMPO moieties toward alcohols while simultaneously allowing the gentle immobilization of the enzyme lipase. The immobilized lipase catalyzed the hydrolysis of TG to produce glycerol, which was subsequently electrochemically oxidized at the TEMPO sites, resulting in a concentration-dependent increase in current. Cyclic voltammetry measurements revealed a clear increase in anodic current with increasing concentration of tributyrin. The resulting calibration curve exhibited good linearity over a wide concentration range from 0.1 mM to 10 mM, allowing for reliable quantification. The limit of detection and limit of quantification in the low concentration range were calculated to be 29.3 and 98.1 μM, respectively, with a correlation coefficient (<i>R</i>²) of 0.9741. These results demonstrate that the present method enables highly sensitive and accurate detection of TG. Overall, this study shows that the combination of an organocatalyst and enzyme allows for selective and sensitive electrochemical sensing of TG, with potential applications in food analysis, clinical diagnostics, and lipid metabolism research.</p>","PeriodicalId":162,"journal":{"name":"Electroanalysis","volume":"38 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147668893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Throughput Glucose Biosensing Using Jack Bean [Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC.] Lectin as Electrochemical Signaling Element","authors":"Vanessa E. Abrantes-Coutinho,&nbsp;André O. Santos,&nbsp;Heryka R. A. Costa,&nbsp;Rosiane M. C. Farias,&nbsp;Maria A. S. Silva,&nbsp;Thiago M. B. F. Oliveira","doi":"10.1002/elan.70134","DOIUrl":"10.1002/elan.70134","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Lectins are widely recognized for their ability to selectively bind carbohydrates, making them valuable proteins in biosensor design. In this work, we developed a label-free electrochemical platform using jack bean [<i>Canavalia ensiformis</i> (L.) DC.] lectin (ConA) immobilized on a Prussian Blue-modified electrode to detect glucose from submicromolar levels. While ConA presents both electron-rich and electron-deficient regions due to the variety of functional groups along its peptide chain (e.g., <span></span>COOH, <span></span>OH, <span></span>SH, in addition to Ca²⁺ and Mn²⁺ coordinated sites), Prussian Blue was selected for its biocompatibility, chemical stability, semiconducting behavior, and peroxidase-mimicking activity, which enhanced signal amplification (3.94 × 10³ µA µmol L⁻¹ cm⁻²) without compromising the lectin's biorecognition functionality. Using square-wave voltammetry (25 Hz frequency, 40 mV amplitude, and 0.5 mV potential increment), the biosensor achieved a detection limit of 0.56 µmol L⁻¹ glucose, with excellent precision (RSD ≤ 7.5% in intraday and interday tests) and high accuracy (RSD = 7.8% across different devices). The biosensor was successfully tested in glucose-enriched commercial formulations (98.0% –103.5% recovery), demonstrating high electroanalytical performance despite the presence of potentially interfering additives such as dyes, antioxidants, mineral salts, and other carbohydrates. These findings highlight the potential of ConA-based biosensors as simple and reliable platforms for analyzing free and conjugated glucose in complex samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":162,"journal":{"name":"Electroanalysis","volume":"38 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elan.70134","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147668990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Advances of Tin Selenide Applications in Biosensors and Electrocatalysis","authors":"Pheladi Lizzy Mokaba,&nbsp;Ntombenhle Masanabo,&nbsp;Simphiwe Zwane,&nbsp;Nolwazi Gazu,&nbsp;Saheed E. Elugoke,&nbsp;Abolanle S. Adekunle,&nbsp;Usisipho Feleni","doi":"10.1002/elan.70138","DOIUrl":"10.1002/elan.70138","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Tin selenide (SnSe), a two-dimensional layered semiconductor, has emerged as a highly versatile material with significant potential in environmental sensing and electrocatalysis. Its unique physicochemical characteristics, including a high surface-to-volume ratio, tunable bandgap, excellent electrical conductivity, and strong catalytic activity, make SnSe particularly attractive for detecting endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) at trace concentrations. In recent years, extensive efforts have been dedicated to synthesizing SnSe nanostructures through various methods, such as thermal evaporation, hydrothermal, chemical vapor deposition, solvothermal, sputtering, and hot injection. These synthesis approaches enable fine control over morphology, crystallinity, and functional properties, thereby tailoring SnSe for specific sensing and catalytic applications. SnSe has demonstrated remarkable potential in advanced sensing platforms, including electrochemical sensors, biosensors, and gas sensors, where its high conductivity and catalytic surface promote rapid, sensitive, and selective detection. In electrocatalysis, SnSe-based heterostructures and composites have shown promising performance toward critical reactions such as the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), and carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO₂RR), underlining their applicability in clean energy and environmental remediation. The review addresses the major challenges limiting the practical deployment of SnSe. This review brings together recent progress on SnSe, its synthesis strategies, structural and electronic properties, and applications in sensing and electrocatalysis. This work emphasizes the potential of SnSe as a cornerstone for next-generation sensor technologies and environmental monitoring systems, while also outlining existing challenges and future opportunities for improving stability, scalability, and integration into portable detection devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":162,"journal":{"name":"Electroanalysis","volume":"38 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147668991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lectin-Modified Screen-Printed Carbon Electrodes (SPE) for the Electrochemical Detection of Transferrin","authors":"A. Hernández Martínez,&nbsp;V. Gómez García,&nbsp;J. C. Aguilar Cordero","doi":"10.1002/elan.70131","DOIUrl":"10.1002/elan.70131","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Transferrin (Tf) is a key protein in iron metabolism and an important biomarker for various health conditions. However, conventional immunoassay methods for Tf detection are often complex and costly. Electrochemical biosensors offer a promising alternative due to their simplicity, high sensitivity, and portability. In this study, we report the development of an electrochemical impedance biosensor for detecting human holotransferrin (holoTf) using screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPEs) modified with Concanavalin A (ConA), a lectin that binds Tf. ConA was covalently immobilized on the SPE surface to enable the selective capture of the target protein. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, using ferri/ferrocyanide as a redox probe, was employed to monitor changes in electron transfer resistance associated with holoTf binding. The biosensor enabled effective, sensitive detection of holoTf, achieving a detection limit of 0.29 μM in bis-tris propane buffer, and represents a cost-effective potential alternative for clinical diagnostics.</p>","PeriodicalId":162,"journal":{"name":"Electroanalysis","volume":"38 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elan.70131","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147669025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluorescent and Electrochemical Sensing With Nitrogen-Doped MXene Quantum Dots: From Design Principles to High-Performance Detection","authors":"Ghada Al-Assi,&nbsp;Asmaa edrees fadhil,&nbsp;Media Hamed Ahmed,&nbsp;Praharshkumar B. Raj,&nbsp;Subbulakshmi Ganesan,&nbsp;C. P. Surya,&nbsp;Priyanka Sharma,&nbsp;Ahmed Aldulaimi,&nbsp;Sharmin Smaeilpour","doi":"10.1002/elan.70132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.70132","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Nitrogen-doped MXene quantum dots (N-MQDs) have emerged as a versatile class of nanomaterials with tunable electronic structures, stable photoluminescence, and adaptable surface functionalities, making them highly promising for advanced chemical and biological sensing. Nitrogen incorporation modulates the lattice, introduces defect sites, and reconstructs surface electronic states, enabling controlled bandgap tuning, charge redistribution, and enhanced exciton dynamics. These structural and electronic modifications provide the foundation for high-performance fluorescent and electrochemical detection, allowing sensitive, selective, and reversible signal transduction. N-MQDs demonstrate ultrasensitive detection of small biomolecules, neurotransmitters, metal ions, pharmaceuticals, and oxidative stress markers, with detection limits in the nanomolar to sub-micromolar range. The combination of quantum confinement and nitrogen-induced electronic perturbations further amplifies their analytical responsiveness. Importantly, N-MQD-based sensors maintain performance in complex matrices, including biological fluids, environmental water, and food samples, highlighting their translational potential. This review systematically addresses the design principles, interfacial interaction mechanisms, and performance evaluation of N-MQDs, providing a comprehensive perspective on their integration into next-generation sensing platforms. Overall, nitrogen doping transforms MQDs into modular, high-performance probes capable of bridging fundamental materials science and real-world analytical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":162,"journal":{"name":"Electroanalysis","volume":"38 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147666308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluorescent and Electrochemical Sensing With Nitrogen-Doped MXene Quantum Dots: From Design Principles to High-Performance Detection","authors":"Ghada Al-Assi,&nbsp;Asmaa edrees fadhil,&nbsp;Media Hamed Ahmed,&nbsp;Praharshkumar B. Raj,&nbsp;Subbulakshmi Ganesan,&nbsp;C. P. Surya,&nbsp;Priyanka Sharma,&nbsp;Ahmed Aldulaimi,&nbsp;Sharmin Smaeilpour","doi":"10.1002/elan.70132","DOIUrl":"10.1002/elan.70132","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Nitrogen-doped MXene quantum dots (N-MQDs) have emerged as a versatile class of nanomaterials with tunable electronic structures, stable photoluminescence, and adaptable surface functionalities, making them highly promising for advanced chemical and biological sensing. Nitrogen incorporation modulates the lattice, introduces defect sites, and reconstructs surface electronic states, enabling controlled bandgap tuning, charge redistribution, and enhanced exciton dynamics. These structural and electronic modifications provide the foundation for high-performance fluorescent and electrochemical detection, allowing sensitive, selective, and reversible signal transduction. N-MQDs demonstrate ultrasensitive detection of small biomolecules, neurotransmitters, metal ions, pharmaceuticals, and oxidative stress markers, with detection limits in the nanomolar to sub-micromolar range. The combination of quantum confinement and nitrogen-induced electronic perturbations further amplifies their analytical responsiveness. Importantly, N-MQD-based sensors maintain performance in complex matrices, including biological fluids, environmental water, and food samples, highlighting their translational potential. This review systematically addresses the design principles, interfacial interaction mechanisms, and performance evaluation of N-MQDs, providing a comprehensive perspective on their integration into next-generation sensing platforms. Overall, nitrogen doping transforms MQDs into modular, high-performance probes capable of bridging fundamental materials science and real-world analytical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":162,"journal":{"name":"Electroanalysis","volume":"38 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147666307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibacterial Wound Dressing Enables Reliable Detection of Uric Acid in Exudates","authors":"Bozhang Li,&nbsp;Mingrui Lv","doi":"10.1002/elan.70129","DOIUrl":"10.1002/elan.70129","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Through the successful grafting of epoxypropyl dimethyl dodecyl ammonium chloride (EDDAC) onto bacterial cellulose (BC) and multiwalled carbon nanotube (CNT) surfaces, a novel and stable antibacterial wound dressing (BC-EDDAC-CNTs) was fabricated. Compared with bare BC membranes, BC-EDDAC exhibited significantly enhanced antibacterial activity. Furthermore, a nonenzymatic uric acid (UA) sensor was constructed on the membrane surface via the electrodeposition of AuNPs, resulting in an antibacterial wound dressing with integrated UA-sensing capability. In vitro evaluations further indicated high L929 cell viability (∼94%–95%), very low hemolysis (&lt;0.5%), and effective bactericidal activity confirmed by Live/Dead staining. This multifunctional dressing enables simultaneous infection control and metabolic monitoring along a clinically relevant chronic wound management workflow, including passive exudate sampling, low-volume analysis, and real-time electrochemical readout.</p>","PeriodicalId":162,"journal":{"name":"Electroanalysis","volume":"38 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elan.70129","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147585203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eco-Friendly Voltammetric Quantification of Paroxetine Using a Graphene–Copper Oxide Nanohybrid-Based Electrode","authors":"Dina A. Mohamed,&nbsp;Amir Shaaban Farag,&nbsp;Maha M. Abou El-Alamin,&nbsp;Elmorsy Khaled,&nbsp;Abdellatef A. Radowan","doi":"10.1002/elan.70124","DOIUrl":"10.1002/elan.70124","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study reports the design, fabrication, and characterization of a novel carbon paste electrode integrated with graphene and copper oxide nanohybrid (Gr/CuONPs/CPE) for the sensitive and selective voltammetric determination of the serotonin reuptake inhibitor paroxetine (PAR). Modification of the electrode surface with Gr/CuONPs nanohybrid facilitated a more efficient electrochemical oxidation of PAR at 1.046 V in BR buffer (pH 6) based on the synergistic electrocatalytic effect of the nanohybrid components and the enhanced electroactive surface area provided by the nanostructure. The electroanalytical investigations combined with molecular orbital calculations revealed a diffusion-controlled mechanism through oxidation of the pyrimidine nitrogen atom (N6), accompanied with the transfer of two protons/one electron. At the optimized Gr/CuONPs ratio within the nanohybrid, the cited electrode demonstrated a linear response within the PAR concentrations ranged from 0.066 to 4.939 µg mL⁻¹ and an limit of detection value of 45.4 ng mL⁻¹. The Gr/CuONPs/CPE exhibited extended storage stability with excellent fabrication and electrochemical measurement reproducibility. Based on the environmental impact of PAR, the developed voltammetric procedure was effectively applied for monitoring of PAR residues in surface water samples and marketed formulations with acceptable recoveries. The green analytical metrics (Analytical Eco-Scale and Analytical GrEEness metric approach) were evaluated, highlighting the method's environmental friendliness of the suggested voltammetric procedures.</p>","PeriodicalId":162,"journal":{"name":"Electroanalysis","volume":"38 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147567781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}