Suniya Shahzad, Muhammad Balal Arain, Mustafa Soylak
{"title":"Layer-by-Layer Modified Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode using Zirconium-Based Metal–Organic Framework, Quantum Dots, and Graphene for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Reaction Performance","authors":"Suniya Shahzad, Muhammad Balal Arain, Mustafa Soylak","doi":"10.1002/elan.70062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.70062","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) must be effective, inexpensive, and long-lasting if electrochemical water splitting technologies are to advance. In this study, screen-printed electrodes containing ZIF-67—a zirconium-based metal–organic framework (Zr-MOF) composed of trimesic acid, carbon quantum dots (CQDs), and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs)—were created using a layer-by-layer modification process. Increased number of active sites, increased surface area, and improved electron transport were demonstrated in structural and electrochemical testing of hybrid electrocatalyst systems. In comparison to reported electrodes, the ZIF/MOF/GNP-modified screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) performed significantly better at OER, with a reduced overpotential of 280 mV at 10 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> and a Tafel slope of 40 mV dec<sup>−1</sup>. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) confirms a significant reduction in charge transfer resistance due to the improved interfacial conductivity. After 18 h of operation, the system displayed excellent performance with little drift, according to chromatopotentiometry testing. Because the MOF framework was made more conductive by the combined effects of conductive GNPs and CQDs, EIS revealed a reduction in charge transfer resistance. These findings suggest that a hybrid system consisting of ZIF, MOF, and GNP might be an effective electrocatalyst for cost-effective, scalable, and environmentally friendly water splitting applications. They additionally demonstrate that this SPCE-based layer modification method may be utilized for extensive, cost-effective water-splitting applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":162,"journal":{"name":"Electroanalysis","volume":"37 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145224476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Suniya Shahzad, Muhammad Balal Arain, Mustafa Soylak
{"title":"Layer-by-Layer Modified Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode using Zirconium-Based Metal–Organic Framework, Quantum Dots, and Graphene for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Reaction Performance","authors":"Suniya Shahzad, Muhammad Balal Arain, Mustafa Soylak","doi":"10.1002/elan.70062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.70062","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) must be effective, inexpensive, and long-lasting if electrochemical water splitting technologies are to advance. In this study, screen-printed electrodes containing ZIF-67—a zirconium-based metal–organic framework (Zr-MOF) composed of trimesic acid, carbon quantum dots (CQDs), and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs)—were created using a layer-by-layer modification process. Increased number of active sites, increased surface area, and improved electron transport were demonstrated in structural and electrochemical testing of hybrid electrocatalyst systems. In comparison to reported electrodes, the ZIF/MOF/GNP-modified screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) performed significantly better at OER, with a reduced overpotential of 280 mV at 10 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> and a Tafel slope of 40 mV dec<sup>−1</sup>. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) confirms a significant reduction in charge transfer resistance due to the improved interfacial conductivity. After 18 h of operation, the system displayed excellent performance with little drift, according to chromatopotentiometry testing. Because the MOF framework was made more conductive by the combined effects of conductive GNPs and CQDs, EIS revealed a reduction in charge transfer resistance. These findings suggest that a hybrid system consisting of ZIF, MOF, and GNP might be an effective electrocatalyst for cost-effective, scalable, and environmentally friendly water splitting applications. They additionally demonstrate that this SPCE-based layer modification method may be utilized for extensive, cost-effective water-splitting applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":162,"journal":{"name":"Electroanalysis","volume":"37 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145224560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cover Picture: (Electroanalysis 10/2025)","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/elan.70067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.70067","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cover picture provided by Dr. Elena Benito-Peña and Dr. Susana Campuzano. <i>Electroanalysis</i> covers all branches of electroanalytical chemistry, including both fundamental and application papers as well as reviews dealing with analytical voltammetry, potentiometry, new electrochemical sensors and detection schemes, nanoscale electrochemistry, advanced electromaterials, nanobioelectronics, point-of-care diagnostics, wearable sensors, and practical applications.\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":162,"journal":{"name":"Electroanalysis","volume":"37 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elan.70067","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145146705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cover Picture: (Electroanalysis 10/2025)","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/elan.70067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.70067","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cover picture provided by Dr. Elena Benito-Peña and Dr. Susana Campuzano. <i>Electroanalysis</i> covers all branches of electroanalytical chemistry, including both fundamental and application papers as well as reviews dealing with analytical voltammetry, potentiometry, new electrochemical sensors and detection schemes, nanoscale electrochemistry, advanced electromaterials, nanobioelectronics, point-of-care diagnostics, wearable sensors, and practical applications.\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":162,"journal":{"name":"Electroanalysis","volume":"37 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elan.70067","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145146580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Track-Etched Membrane-Based Multiple-Pair-Electrode Detection System for Enhanced Phenolic Compound Identification in High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Analysis","authors":"Tomohiko Kuwabara, Yusuke Kita, Rikuo Hashimoto, Kenji Matsumoto, Sorai Kanno, Hiroki Hotta, Masamitsu Iiyama, Toshio Takayanagi, Hitoshi Mizuguchi","doi":"10.1002/elan.70059","DOIUrl":"10.1002/elan.70059","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A novel multiple-pair-electrode detection system for high-performance liquid chromatography was developed using track-etched membrane electrodes arranged in series along the eluent flow. The system generates distinct anodic and cathodic response combinations from each electrode pair, individually polarized at specific potentials, effectively reflecting the electrochemical reaction reversibility of each component. These detection behaviors offer robust support for peak identification in complex chromatograms. The effectiveness of the proposed system was demonstrated through the identification and quantification of several phenolic compounds in commercially available coffee and green tea beverages.</p>","PeriodicalId":162,"journal":{"name":"Electroanalysis","volume":"37 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elan.70059","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145111204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maria Zizi Martins Mendonça, Bruno Gabriel Lucca, Edmar Isaias de Melo, Rodrigo Amorim Bezerra da Silva, Vicelma Luiz Cardoso
{"title":"Voltammetric Determination of Carbendazim Using a Biochar Modified 3D-Printed Based Sensor","authors":"Maria Zizi Martins Mendonça, Bruno Gabriel Lucca, Edmar Isaias de Melo, Rodrigo Amorim Bezerra da Silva, Vicelma Luiz Cardoso","doi":"10.1002/elan.70056","DOIUrl":"10.1002/elan.70056","url":null,"abstract":"<p>3D printing has been benefiting electroanalysis due to the quick and low-cost manufacture of cells and sensors. For this production, the choice of eco-friendly materials is welcome due to the agreement to the principles of sustainability, green chemistry, and circular economy. In this work a novel 3D-printed sensor modified with biochar (BC) from coffee husk residues is proposed for the determination of the fungicide carbendazim in natural waters using square wave voltammetry (SWV). The sensor was prepared through the coating of an insulating ring-shaped 3D-printed substrate (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene/ABS) with a BC-modified conductive ink (acetone, ABS, graphite, and BC). Using the optimized sensor (10% wt. of BC) in 0.1 mol L<sup>−1</sup> phosphate buffer (pH 2.0) and optimized SWV parameters (<i>E</i><sub>s</sub> = 2 mV, <i>f</i> = 15 Hz and A = 120 mV), the detectability of carbendazim was 50% higher than unmodified, and a linear range (LR) from 0.25 to 15.00 µmol L<sup>−1</sup> (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.998) and a limit of detection (LOD) (S/N = 3) of 50 nmol L<sup>−1</sup> were obtained. Good inter-electrode (RSD = 6.21%; <i>n</i> = 6) and inter-day (RSD = 6.96%; <i>n</i> = 10) reproducibility and accuracy (recovery between 92.71% and 96.43% in water samples) were obtained. This alternative sensor is simpler than those fabricated using BC-modified filaments, being promising for the trace level analysis of environmental pollutants.</p>","PeriodicalId":162,"journal":{"name":"Electroanalysis","volume":"37 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elan.70056","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145111202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maria Zizi Martins Mendonça, Bruno Gabriel Lucca, Edmar Isaias de Melo, Rodrigo Amorim Bezerra da Silva, Vicelma Luiz Cardoso
{"title":"Voltammetric Determination of Carbendazim Using a Biochar Modified 3D-Printed Based Sensor","authors":"Maria Zizi Martins Mendonça, Bruno Gabriel Lucca, Edmar Isaias de Melo, Rodrigo Amorim Bezerra da Silva, Vicelma Luiz Cardoso","doi":"10.1002/elan.70056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.70056","url":null,"abstract":"<p>3D printing has been benefiting electroanalysis due to the quick and low-cost manufacture of cells and sensors. For this production, the choice of eco-friendly materials is welcome due to the agreement to the principles of sustainability, green chemistry, and circular economy. In this work a novel 3D-printed sensor modified with biochar (BC) from coffee husk residues is proposed for the determination of the fungicide carbendazim in natural waters using square wave voltammetry (SWV). The sensor was prepared through the coating of an insulating ring-shaped 3D-printed substrate (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene/ABS) with a BC-modified conductive ink (acetone, ABS, graphite, and BC). Using the optimized sensor (10% wt. of BC) in 0.1 mol L<sup>−1</sup> phosphate buffer (pH 2.0) and optimized SWV parameters (<i>E</i><sub>s</sub> = 2 mV, <i>f</i> = 15 Hz and A = 120 mV), the detectability of carbendazim was 50% higher than unmodified, and a linear range (LR) from 0.25 to 15.00 µmol L<sup>−1</sup> (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.998) and a limit of detection (LOD) (S/N = 3) of 50 nmol L<sup>−1</sup> were obtained. Good inter-electrode (RSD = 6.21%; <i>n</i> = 6) and inter-day (RSD = 6.96%; <i>n</i> = 10) reproducibility and accuracy (recovery between 92.71% and 96.43% in water samples) were obtained. This alternative sensor is simpler than those fabricated using BC-modified filaments, being promising for the trace level analysis of environmental pollutants.</p>","PeriodicalId":162,"journal":{"name":"Electroanalysis","volume":"37 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elan.70056","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145110731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Track-Etched Membrane-Based Multiple-Pair-Electrode Detection System for Enhanced Phenolic Compound Identification in High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Analysis","authors":"Tomohiko Kuwabara, Yusuke Kita, Rikuo Hashimoto, Kenji Matsumoto, Sorai Kanno, Hiroki Hotta, Masamitsu Iiyama, Toshio Takayanagi, Hitoshi Mizuguchi","doi":"10.1002/elan.70059","DOIUrl":"10.1002/elan.70059","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A novel multiple-pair-electrode detection system for high-performance liquid chromatography was developed using track-etched membrane electrodes arranged in series along the eluent flow. The system generates distinct anodic and cathodic response combinations from each electrode pair, individually polarized at specific potentials, effectively reflecting the electrochemical reaction reversibility of each component. These detection behaviors offer robust support for peak identification in complex chromatograms. The effectiveness of the proposed system was demonstrated through the identification and quantification of several phenolic compounds in commercially available coffee and green tea beverages.</p>","PeriodicalId":162,"journal":{"name":"Electroanalysis","volume":"37 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elan.70059","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145110732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gabriela Françozo Vilela, Juliana Garcia, Matheus Julien Ferreira Bazzana, Pedro Augusto dos Santos, Zuy Maria Magriotis, Sérgio Scherrer Thomasi, Leonardo Luiz Okumura, Tatiana Cardoso e Bufalo, Adelir Aparecida Saczk
{"title":"Development of Electrochemical Sensor Modified with Murumuru Biochar for Nicotinic Acid Determination","authors":"Gabriela Françozo Vilela, Juliana Garcia, Matheus Julien Ferreira Bazzana, Pedro Augusto dos Santos, Zuy Maria Magriotis, Sérgio Scherrer Thomasi, Leonardo Luiz Okumura, Tatiana Cardoso e Bufalo, Adelir Aparecida Saczk","doi":"10.1002/elan.70061","DOIUrl":"10.1002/elan.70061","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Nicotinic acid (NA) is a free form of vitamin B3, and its altered levels in the human body can lead to serious clinical complications. Therefore, analytical methods to monitor this molecule must be developed. Voltammetric techniques have become viable because of their short analysis time and low associated cost. Thus, in this study, murumuru biochar (MBC) electrode was evaluated for NA determination using the differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) technique. The proportion of carbon paste was adjusted through the design of mixtures, resulting in proportions of 36.6% binder, 31.7% MBC, and 31.7% graphite. KCl (0.1 mol L<sup>−1</sup>) acidified with HClO<sub>4</sub> at pH 2 was selected as the supporting electrolyte. DPV analyses were performed with a step of 5 mV, a pulse amplitude of 100 mV, a time interval of 75 ms, and a modulation time of 2 ms. The analytical curve presented an <i>r</i><sup>2</sup> of 0.999 in a linear range from 4 to 100 μmol L<sup>−1</sup>. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.36 μmol L<sup>−1</sup>, and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 1.20 μmol L<sup>−1</sup>. Based on the obtained analytical curve, NA was quantified in samples of multivitamins and synthetic urine, and satisfactory results were shown.</p>","PeriodicalId":162,"journal":{"name":"Electroanalysis","volume":"37 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145111203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gabriela Françozo Vilela, Juliana Garcia, Matheus Julien Ferreira Bazzana, Pedro Augusto dos Santos, Zuy Maria Magriotis, Sérgio Scherrer Thomasi, Leonardo Luiz Okumura, Tatiana Cardoso e Bufalo, Adelir Aparecida Saczk
{"title":"Development of Electrochemical Sensor Modified with Murumuru Biochar for Nicotinic Acid Determination","authors":"Gabriela Françozo Vilela, Juliana Garcia, Matheus Julien Ferreira Bazzana, Pedro Augusto dos Santos, Zuy Maria Magriotis, Sérgio Scherrer Thomasi, Leonardo Luiz Okumura, Tatiana Cardoso e Bufalo, Adelir Aparecida Saczk","doi":"10.1002/elan.70061","DOIUrl":"10.1002/elan.70061","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Nicotinic acid (NA) is a free form of vitamin B3, and its altered levels in the human body can lead to serious clinical complications. Therefore, analytical methods to monitor this molecule must be developed. Voltammetric techniques have become viable because of their short analysis time and low associated cost. Thus, in this study, murumuru biochar (MBC) electrode was evaluated for NA determination using the differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) technique. The proportion of carbon paste was adjusted through the design of mixtures, resulting in proportions of 36.6% binder, 31.7% MBC, and 31.7% graphite. KCl (0.1 mol L<sup>−1</sup>) acidified with HClO<sub>4</sub> at pH 2 was selected as the supporting electrolyte. DPV analyses were performed with a step of 5 mV, a pulse amplitude of 100 mV, a time interval of 75 ms, and a modulation time of 2 ms. The analytical curve presented an <i>r</i><sup>2</sup> of 0.999 in a linear range from 4 to 100 μmol L<sup>−1</sup>. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.36 μmol L<sup>−1</sup>, and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 1.20 μmol L<sup>−1</sup>. Based on the obtained analytical curve, NA was quantified in samples of multivitamins and synthetic urine, and satisfactory results were shown.</p>","PeriodicalId":162,"journal":{"name":"Electroanalysis","volume":"37 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145110733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}