Lassaad Barhoumi, Olfa Karker, Jassem Wannassi, Salem Nasraoui, Naglaa Mohammed Nooredeen, Houcine Barhoumi, Mounir Ben Ali, Olfa Kanoun
{"title":"Simultaneous Detection of Dopamine and Uric Acid at a Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified With a Novel Polymerized Copper Phthalocyanine–Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes Complex","authors":"Lassaad Barhoumi, Olfa Karker, Jassem Wannassi, Salem Nasraoui, Naglaa Mohammed Nooredeen, Houcine Barhoumi, Mounir Ben Ali, Olfa Kanoun","doi":"10.1002/elan.70128","DOIUrl":"10.1002/elan.70128","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Uric acid (UA) is the final product of purine metabolism, while dopamine (DA) is a neurotransmitter synthesized through the tyrosinemetabolic pathway; nevertheless, both compounds commonly coexist in serum and in the extracellular fluid of the central nervous system and are important biomarkers for clinical diagnosis. Some diseases of the human body are due to abnormal levels of UA and DA. Thus, the clinical diagnosis of some diseases needs a sensitive and simultaneous monitoring of UA and DA. This research introduces a new conductive composite film comprising multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) functionalized with MWCNTs and copper monoamide phthalocyanine covalently linked to an acrylate polymer (MWCNTs-CuMAPc-PnBA). The film was deposited onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and employed for the concurrent detection of UA and DA. The GCE with modifications exhibits acceptable electrocatalytic performance in the detection of DA and UA. Low detection limits were achieved at 0.174 µM of DA and 6.87 µM of UA, and the linear detection ranges of DA and UA are 5–200 µM and 20–250 µM, respectively. The proposed sensing system based on the modified GCE offers promising results for rapid, cost-effective, and selective simultaneous detection of UA and DA. Also, the complex-modified electrode showed satisfactory results in detecting simultaneously DA and UA in human urine real samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":162,"journal":{"name":"Electroanalysis","volume":"38 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147567192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Guiding Principles for Differential Electrochemical Mass Spectrometry in Dual Thin-Layer Cell: From Aqueous to Organic Electrolytes","authors":"Aude Salamé, Bonho Koo, Marc T. M. Koper","doi":"10.1002/elan.70126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.70126","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS) enables real-time detection of volatile products formed at an electrode. However, its application in organic solvents is hindered by their volatility and by solvent-induced swelling or permeation of the membrane that defines the liquid/vacuum interface, compromising stable product transfer to the mass spectrometer. Here, we report the experimental demonstration of quantitative DEMS measurements in acetonitrile, enabled by a rational optimization of the membrane interface together with the operating conditions in a dual thin-layer flow cell. Starting from the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) on polycrystalline platinum (Pt) in 0.5 M HClO<sub>4</sub> aqueous electrolyte as a model system, we systematically examined how flow rate, membrane properties, that is porosity and thickness, and the inclusion of a cold trap influence gas transport efficiency in the DEMS cell. Acetonitrile, one of the most widely used solvents in molecular electrocatalysis and organic synthesis, was selected as a particularly demanding test case due to its high volatility and swelling of PTFE membranes. The methodology was evaluated for both HER and oxygen evolution reaction, and a linear and quantitative relationship between faradaic current and detected gas flux was obtained on the timescale of electrochemical measurements. The systematic variation of key DEMS parameters in aqueous media provided the basis to rationally select conditions most likely to enable reliable analyte detection in this demanding solvent. Overall, this work provides practical design guidance for the controlled operation of DEMS and establishes a robust methodology for extending DEMS to nonaqueous environments relevant to organic synthesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":162,"journal":{"name":"Electroanalysis","volume":"38 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elan.70126","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147566153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Guiding Principles for Differential Electrochemical Mass Spectrometry in Dual Thin-Layer Cell: From Aqueous to Organic Electrolytes","authors":"Aude Salamé, Bonho Koo, Marc T. M. Koper","doi":"10.1002/elan.70126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.70126","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS) enables real-time detection of volatile products formed at an electrode. However, its application in organic solvents is hindered by their volatility and by solvent-induced swelling or permeation of the membrane that defines the liquid/vacuum interface, compromising stable product transfer to the mass spectrometer. Here, we report the experimental demonstration of quantitative DEMS measurements in acetonitrile, enabled by a rational optimization of the membrane interface together with the operating conditions in a dual thin-layer flow cell. Starting from the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) on polycrystalline platinum (Pt) in 0.5 M HClO<sub>4</sub> aqueous electrolyte as a model system, we systematically examined how flow rate, membrane properties, that is porosity and thickness, and the inclusion of a cold trap influence gas transport efficiency in the DEMS cell. Acetonitrile, one of the most widely used solvents in molecular electrocatalysis and organic synthesis, was selected as a particularly demanding test case due to its high volatility and swelling of PTFE membranes. The methodology was evaluated for both HER and oxygen evolution reaction, and a linear and quantitative relationship between faradaic current and detected gas flux was obtained on the timescale of electrochemical measurements. The systematic variation of key DEMS parameters in aqueous media provided the basis to rationally select conditions most likely to enable reliable analyte detection in this demanding solvent. Overall, this work provides practical design guidance for the controlled operation of DEMS and establishes a robust methodology for extending DEMS to nonaqueous environments relevant to organic synthesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":162,"journal":{"name":"Electroanalysis","volume":"38 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elan.70126","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147566195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Phosphorization Endows Ni–Co–Fe Ternary Oxide Templated by SBA-15 With Higher Catalytic Performance in Oxygen Evolution Reaction","authors":"Changye Wang, Yiran Wang, Huixin Jiang, Hong Wang, Xinrong Song, Jianing Ge, Jintang Xue","doi":"10.1002/elan.70125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.70125","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the present work, oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts based on Co–Fe–Ni oxides were prepared for electrochemical water splitting. To improve the specific area and thus expose more active sites, Ni–Co–Fe ternary oxides were prepared in confined mesopores of SBA-15 with a morphology of regular nanorod. The Ni–Co–Fe oxides exhibited higher catalytic activity than the Co–Fe binary oxide, due to the synergy of transition metals. Additionally, to further improve the catalytic performance, an oxide with the lowest overpotential and Tafel slope was phosphorized for more active sites. As expected, this phosphorized oxide displayed an excellent catalytic performance in OER. For example, its overpotential was as low as 246 mV at 10 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> and its Tafel slope was reduced to 65.6 mV·Dec<sup>−1</sup>. Besides, it had a double-layer capacitance as high as 31.2 mF cm<sup>−2</sup> and an impedance as low as 45.6 Ω. Both parameters are far better than their oxide precursor. Those improvements have been attributed to its mesoscopic morphology and the substitution of oxygen by phosphorus, both of which provided more active sites participating in OER.</p>","PeriodicalId":162,"journal":{"name":"Electroanalysis","volume":"38 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147564987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Phosphorization Endows Ni–Co–Fe Ternary Oxide Templated by SBA-15 With Higher Catalytic Performance in Oxygen Evolution Reaction","authors":"Changye Wang, Yiran Wang, Huixin Jiang, Hong Wang, Xinrong Song, Jianing Ge, Jintang Xue","doi":"10.1002/elan.70125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.70125","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the present work, oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts based on Co–Fe–Ni oxides were prepared for electrochemical water splitting. To improve the specific area and thus expose more active sites, Ni–Co–Fe ternary oxides were prepared in confined mesopores of SBA-15 with a morphology of regular nanorod. The Ni–Co–Fe oxides exhibited higher catalytic activity than the Co–Fe binary oxide, due to the synergy of transition metals. Additionally, to further improve the catalytic performance, an oxide with the lowest overpotential and Tafel slope was phosphorized for more active sites. As expected, this phosphorized oxide displayed an excellent catalytic performance in OER. For example, its overpotential was as low as 246 mV at 10 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> and its Tafel slope was reduced to 65.6 mV·Dec<sup>−1</sup>. Besides, it had a double-layer capacitance as high as 31.2 mF cm<sup>−2</sup> and an impedance as low as 45.6 Ω. Both parameters are far better than their oxide precursor. Those improvements have been attributed to its mesoscopic morphology and the substitution of oxygen by phosphorus, both of which provided more active sites participating in OER.</p>","PeriodicalId":162,"journal":{"name":"Electroanalysis","volume":"38 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147564887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Onur Cem Altunoluk, Caglar Berkel, Oguz Özbek, Dhamodharan Arumugam, Juan Santiago Hidalgo Viteri
{"title":"Potentiometric Biosensors for Early Bacterial Detection: A Mini–Review on Growth, Biofilm, and Enzyme Monitoring","authors":"Onur Cem Altunoluk, Caglar Berkel, Oguz Özbek, Dhamodharan Arumugam, Juan Santiago Hidalgo Viteri","doi":"10.1002/elan.70127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.70127","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The early detection of bacterial infections and contamination is critical in clinical and industrial settings. Potentiometric biosensors offer a promising, rapid, and cost-effective solution, and selective measurement of various types of analytes by measuring the potential difference between two electrodes in a three electrode cell configuration, making them valuable tools in environmental, agricultural, medical, industrial, and pharmaceutical analyses, to name a few. In recent years, with the introduction of various receptor types, such as aptamers, antibodies, peptides, and molecularly imprinted polymers, potentiometric sensors have shown increased potential for detecting different bacterial species. In this mini-review, we highlight the high success and significant performance of these potentiometric sensors developed for the determination of bacterial growth, biofilms, and bacterial enzymes, based on different mechanistic strategies. We further emphasize the considerable potential of these potentiometric sensors for early onsite detection of microbial infections or contamination, suggesting their likely applicability in clinical and industrial settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":162,"journal":{"name":"Electroanalysis","volume":"38 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147564496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Onur Cem Altunoluk, Caglar Berkel, Oguz Özbek, Dhamodharan Arumugam, Juan Santiago Hidalgo Viteri
{"title":"Potentiometric Biosensors for Early Bacterial Detection: A Mini–Review on Growth, Biofilm, and Enzyme Monitoring","authors":"Onur Cem Altunoluk, Caglar Berkel, Oguz Özbek, Dhamodharan Arumugam, Juan Santiago Hidalgo Viteri","doi":"10.1002/elan.70127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.70127","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The early detection of bacterial infections and contamination is critical in clinical and industrial settings. Potentiometric biosensors offer a promising, rapid, and cost-effective solution, and selective measurement of various types of analytes by measuring the potential difference between two electrodes in a three electrode cell configuration, making them valuable tools in environmental, agricultural, medical, industrial, and pharmaceutical analyses, to name a few. In recent years, with the introduction of various receptor types, such as aptamers, antibodies, peptides, and molecularly imprinted polymers, potentiometric sensors have shown increased potential for detecting different bacterial species. In this mini-review, we highlight the high success and significant performance of these potentiometric sensors developed for the determination of bacterial growth, biofilms, and bacterial enzymes, based on different mechanistic strategies. We further emphasize the considerable potential of these potentiometric sensors for early onsite detection of microbial infections or contamination, suggesting their likely applicability in clinical and industrial settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":162,"journal":{"name":"Electroanalysis","volume":"38 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147564308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Suitability of Electrochemical Sensing on Screen-Printed Carbon Electrodes for the Identification of Eutylone (βk-EBDB)","authors":"Harry Van Dorssen, Shanlin Fu, Morgan Alonzo","doi":"10.1002/elan.70121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.70121","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The illicit stimulant, β-keto-ethylbenzodioxolylbutanamine (βk-EBDB), has seen widespread abuse in recent years, spurring the need for new on-site screening tools for accurate and timely identification in forensic investigations. This study sought to develop and evaluate an electrochemical sensing method on screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) for the determination of this drug in simulated case samples, human oral fluid and human urine. Analysis was performed under optimised differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) for solid drug material dissolved in 0.10 M borate buffer saline (BBS) at pH 10.0 as the supporting electrolyte. Adsorptive stripping differential pulse voltammetry (AdSDPV) was employed for detection in biological fluids diluted in the same buffer system. βk-EBDB was profiled in under 4 min with an estimated limit of detection/quantification (LOD/LOQ) of 10 µM and a linear response within the following concentration ranges: 10–100 µM in supporting electrolyte, 10–60 µM in oral fluid and 10–35 µM in urine. Electrochemical signals demonstrated good repeatability in peak potential both within a single day (intraday) and across multiple days (interday), with relative standard deviations for both methods remaining below 1.51% (<i>N</i> = 36). During the same experiments, peak current relative standard deviations were consistently higher, reaching 24.1% (<i>N</i> = 36) in some instances. Strong selectivity for βk-EBDB was observed even in the presence of commonly encountered illicit drugs and cutting agents. This suggests the method's potential for integration into a rapid and cost-effective drug testing device for forensic science applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":162,"journal":{"name":"Electroanalysis","volume":"38 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elan.70121","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147564038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Sensor Constructed with Nickel-Doped Carbon Nanotube Composites based on MOFs for Detecting Ascorbic Acid and Dopamine Simultaneously","authors":"Jiajia Zhang, Sumin Xu, Jianying Qu","doi":"10.1002/elan.70123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.70123","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this study, a bimetallic metal-organic framework material (ZnNi MOFs) was synthesized via the solvothermal method, which was then calcined at high temperatures to produce a nickel-doped carbon nanotube material.Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-ray diffractometer, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), and electrochemical techniques were used to characterize the composition, structural characteristics, and performance of the material. Experiments show that the sensor based this proposed material exhibits good electrocatalytic activities to the oxidation of ascorbic acid (AA) and dopamine (DA) and can be employed to simultaneously detect them. Under the optimal conditions, the oxidation currents of AA and DA exhibit a marked linear relationship with their respective concentrations within the domain of 500.00–9500.00 and 0.50–150.00 μM, respectively. The detection limits were 20.18 and 0.04 μM, respectively. And the sensor was effectively used to detect AA and DA in urine sample simultaneously. The sensor possesses excellent stability, reproducibility, resistance to interference, and broader linear ranges with potential applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":162,"journal":{"name":"Electroanalysis","volume":"38 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147564039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Sensor Constructed with Nickel-Doped Carbon Nanotube Composites based on MOFs for Detecting Ascorbic Acid and Dopamine Simultaneously","authors":"Jiajia Zhang, Sumin Xu, Jianying Qu","doi":"10.1002/elan.70123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.70123","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this study, a bimetallic metal-organic framework material (ZnNi MOFs) was synthesized via the solvothermal method, which was then calcined at high temperatures to produce a nickel-doped carbon nanotube material.Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-ray diffractometer, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), and electrochemical techniques were used to characterize the composition, structural characteristics, and performance of the material. Experiments show that the sensor based this proposed material exhibits good electrocatalytic activities to the oxidation of ascorbic acid (AA) and dopamine (DA) and can be employed to simultaneously detect them. Under the optimal conditions, the oxidation currents of AA and DA exhibit a marked linear relationship with their respective concentrations within the domain of 500.00–9500.00 and 0.50–150.00 μM, respectively. The detection limits were 20.18 and 0.04 μM, respectively. And the sensor was effectively used to detect AA and DA in urine sample simultaneously. The sensor possesses excellent stability, reproducibility, resistance to interference, and broader linear ranges with potential applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":162,"journal":{"name":"Electroanalysis","volume":"38 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147564060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}