Electroanalysis最新文献

{"title":"Rectified Ion Transport with Low-Cost Ionic Diodes Based on Sulfonated Poly-(Phenylene-Oxide)","authors":"Asandiswa Mfenguza,&nbsp;Luthando Tshwenya,&nbsp;Dimpo S. Sipuka,&nbsp;Oluchi V. Nkwachukwu,&nbsp;Keneiloe Khoabane Sikhwivhilu,&nbsp;Frank Marken,&nbsp;Omotayo A. Arotiba","doi":"10.1002/elan.12033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.12033","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ionic rectifiers/diodes are devices with potential applications in water treatment (desalination) and sensors. Diode preparation sometimes involves expensive processes such as laser drilling and thus the need for simpler and low-cost methods. We developed a low-cost cation rectifying hybrid membrane ionic rectifier where a microporous sulfonated poly-(2,6-dimethyl phenylene oxide) (SPPO) was asymmetrically attached to a microhole region in a polypropylene adhesive tape substrate. Contact angle measurements showed that SPPO is hydrophilic with a 62° angle. In comparison, the polypropylene adhesive tape and SPPO within it are hydrophobic with angles of 101° and 87°, respectively, contributing to the diode's stability in water. Zeta potential measurements confirmed the negative charge of the SPPO surface in all electrolyte solutions. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the punctured tape substrate has a 3–4 µm microhole and a thickness of about 25 µm. The SPPO membrane is ≈29 µm thick with a smooth cross-sectional surface. The effects of electrolyte, ionic strength and microhole diameter on ionic diode performance were investigated using cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry in a 4-electrode measurement cell. The reported ionic rectifier is simple to fabricate, and it shows good rectification even in high ionic strength media.</p>","PeriodicalId":162,"journal":{"name":"Electroanalysis","volume":"37 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elan.12033","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143446817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lead(II) Determination in Aqueous and Firearm Discharge Residue Samples Using A Bistriazole-Modified Electrochemical Sensor","authors":"Brenda R. L. Freire,&nbsp;Maria E. da C. V. Nascimento,&nbsp;Jonatas de Oliveira S. Silva,&nbsp;Carla L. C. Meira,&nbsp;Mauricio M. Victor,&nbsp;Eliana M. Sussuchi","doi":"10.1002/elan.12026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.12026","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The detection of heavy metals is necessary due to their toxic characteristics and bioaccumulation potential, which can be harmful to living organisms. Chemically modified electrodes have been widely used as an alternative in the detection of heavy metal ions, aiming for improved selectivity resulting from specific interactions with these analytes. Therefore, ligands derived from bistriazolic compounds emerge as new materials capable of interacting with metallic ions, potentially enhancing the detectability of the electrode. In this context, this work aims to obtain an electrochemical sensor based on a modifier derived from bistriazoles for the determination of lead(II) ions in different samples. The 1,3-bis(4-ethyl-1H−1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-one (BT) was characterized using spectroscopic, spectrometric, and electrochemical techniques. Additionally, a method for the determination of lead(II) ions was developed using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), where the bis-triazole modified electrode demonstrated remarkable detectability for Pb²⁺. Optimizations of the scan medium and DPV technique parameters showed a significant increase in the analytical signal current for Pb²⁺. An analytical curve was obtained, and the developed method achieved a limit of detection of 0.10 nmol L⁻¹. The method was applied to quantify the analyte in tap water, river water, and firearm discharge residue samples with recovery values ranging from 87.8% to 118%, highlighting the reliability and precision of the developed method.</p>","PeriodicalId":162,"journal":{"name":"Electroanalysis","volume":"37 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143438889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scrutinizing the Basis of Pd Electrochemistry: An Accurate Assessment of the Electrochemically Active Surface Area","authors":"Nihat Ege Şahin,&nbsp;Wilian Jesus Pech-Rodríguez","doi":"10.1002/elan.12027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.12027","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Palladium nanoparticles supported on a pretreated carbon substrate (Pd/C) were synthesized from a surfactant-free microwave-heated ethylene glycol without any external reducing agent and characterized by high-resolution electron transmission microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and X-ray diffraction analysis. Cyclic voltammetry was effectively employed to scrutinize the electrochemical processes such as Pd hydrogen interactions including hydrogen adsorption, absorption, desorption, and hydrogen evolution as well as Pd–oxygen interactions like the oxide formation and the subsequent reduction of the oxide layer. The electrochemical oxidation of palladium was clearly indicated at the potential ranging from 0.78 to 1.20 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) in the anodic scan direction whereas the corresponding reduction peak was observed with a broad peak centered at 0.79 V versus RHE in the reverse scan. Therefore, an accurate evaluation of the EASA measurements on ultrathin film palladium (Pd/C) electrodes in acidic (0.5 mol L⁻¹ H₂SO₄, pH ∼ 1) media was successfully conducted. Moreover, the steady-state cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements have been conducted at the lowest scan rate of 1 mV s⁻¹, enabling obtaining of hydrogen adsorption, absorption, and desorption reaction features without concurrent. Besides, Pd/C electrocatalyst exhibited 129 mV overpotential yielding a cathodic current density of 10 mA cm⁻² toward hydrogen evolution reaction. This study outlines the description of practical experimental conditions essential for accurately determining the EASA that facilitates a comprehensive evaluation of their electrochemical performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":162,"journal":{"name":"Electroanalysis","volume":"37 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elan.12027","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143438886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lead(II) Determination in Aqueous and Firearm Discharge Residue Samples Using A Bistriazole-Modified Electrochemical Sensor","authors":"Brenda R. L. Freire,&nbsp;Maria E. da C. V. Nascimento,&nbsp;Jonatas de Oliveira S. Silva,&nbsp;Carla L. C. Meira,&nbsp;Mauricio M. Victor,&nbsp;Eliana M. Sussuchi","doi":"10.1002/elan.12026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.12026","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The detection of heavy metals is necessary due to their toxic characteristics and bioaccumulation potential, which can be harmful to living organisms. Chemically modified electrodes have been widely used as an alternative in the detection of heavy metal ions, aiming for improved selectivity resulting from specific interactions with these analytes. Therefore, ligands derived from bistriazolic compounds emerge as new materials capable of interacting with metallic ions, potentially enhancing the detectability of the electrode. In this context, this work aims to obtain an electrochemical sensor based on a modifier derived from bistriazoles for the determination of lead(II) ions in different samples. The 1,3-bis(4-ethyl-1H−1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-one (BT) was characterized using spectroscopic, spectrometric, and electrochemical techniques. Additionally, a method for the determination of lead(II) ions was developed using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), where the bis-triazole modified electrode demonstrated remarkable detectability for Pb²⁺. Optimizations of the scan medium and DPV technique parameters showed a significant increase in the analytical signal current for Pb²⁺. An analytical curve was obtained, and the developed method achieved a limit of detection of 0.10 nmol L⁻¹. The method was applied to quantify the analyte in tap water, river water, and firearm discharge residue samples with recovery values ranging from 87.8% to 118%, highlighting the reliability and precision of the developed method.</p>","PeriodicalId":162,"journal":{"name":"Electroanalysis","volume":"37 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143438887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scrutinizing the Basis of Pd Electrochemistry: An Accurate Assessment of the Electrochemically Active Surface Area","authors":"Nihat Ege Şahin,&nbsp;Wilian Jesus Pech-Rodríguez","doi":"10.1002/elan.12027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.12027","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Palladium nanoparticles supported on a pretreated carbon substrate (Pd/C) were synthesized from a surfactant-free microwave-heated ethylene glycol without any external reducing agent and characterized by high-resolution electron transmission microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and X-ray diffraction analysis. Cyclic voltammetry was effectively employed to scrutinize the electrochemical processes such as Pd hydrogen interactions including hydrogen adsorption, absorption, desorption, and hydrogen evolution as well as Pd–oxygen interactions like the oxide formation and the subsequent reduction of the oxide layer. The electrochemical oxidation of palladium was clearly indicated at the potential ranging from 0.78 to 1.20 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) in the anodic scan direction whereas the corresponding reduction peak was observed with a broad peak centered at 0.79 V versus RHE in the reverse scan. Therefore, an accurate evaluation of the EASA measurements on ultrathin film palladium (Pd/C) electrodes in acidic (0.5 mol L⁻¹ H₂SO₄, pH ∼ 1) media was successfully conducted. Moreover, the steady-state cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements have been conducted at the lowest scan rate of 1 mV s⁻¹, enabling obtaining of hydrogen adsorption, absorption, and desorption reaction features without concurrent. Besides, Pd/C electrocatalyst exhibited 129 mV overpotential yielding a cathodic current density of 10 mA cm⁻² toward hydrogen evolution reaction. This study outlines the description of practical experimental conditions essential for accurately determining the EASA that facilitates a comprehensive evaluation of their electrochemical performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":162,"journal":{"name":"Electroanalysis","volume":"37 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elan.12027","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143438888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of Electrochemical Oxidation Mechanism of the Tryptophan Metabolite Kynurenine on Glassy Carbon Electrode","authors":"José A. M. Nascimento,&nbsp;José G. S. Neto,&nbsp;Wellington E. Rodrigues,&nbsp;Thomas F. F. T. dos Santos,&nbsp;José Eudes S. Oliveira,&nbsp;André P. Liesen,&nbsp;Vagner B. dos Santos,&nbsp;Severino Carlos B. Oliveira","doi":"10.1002/elan.12022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.12022","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Tryptophan (TRP) in the human body is generally metabolized by two different pathways, to serotonin or via kynurenine (KYN), where the majority is consumed through the latter. Studies relate that the imbalance between these two pathways is associated with different types of diseases. This work aims to investigate for the first time the redox properties of KYN in aqueous electrolytes on glassy carbon electrode (GCE), using electrochemical techniques, cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), square wave voltammetry (SWV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The electrooxidation of KYN was compared with the anodic behavior of aniline and kynurenic acid. The KYN oxidation mechanism was proposed and occurs in the 2-aminobenzoyl group from a main step with the withdrawal of one electron and the formation of an intermediate cation radical (KYN^+•). The KYN^+• follows a dimerization and polymerization reaction, forming different electroactive products (polyKYNs) that are adsorbed on the GCE surface. The EIS data indicated that the adsorbed polyKYNs films on GCEs in a strongly acidic medium (pH = 0.3) are conductive and in a physiological medium they are resistive, hindering new subsequent reactions. All redox reactions identified were dependent on an acid–base equilibrium, since they were strongly influenced by the pH of the medium, occurring more easily in alkaline media. The diffusion coefficient of KYN was determined in phosphate buffer pH = 7.0 as 1.59 × 10⁻⁶ cm² s⁻¹. The voltammetric responses of DP were also explored here for the development of a sensitive electroanalytical method for detection and quantification of KYN. For the development of the method, analytical parameters were studied, such as work concentration range, linearity, limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ), repeatability, reproducibility, and selectivity to possible interferences. A method using DPV and GCE was developed for determination of KYN in acidic medium (pH = 0.30) with a LOD of 0.43 μmol L⁻¹.</p>","PeriodicalId":162,"journal":{"name":"Electroanalysis","volume":"37 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143431576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of Electrochemical Oxidation Mechanism of the Tryptophan Metabolite Kynurenine on Glassy Carbon Electrode","authors":"José A. M. Nascimento,&nbsp;José G. S. Neto,&nbsp;Wellington E. Rodrigues,&nbsp;Thomas F. F. T. dos Santos,&nbsp;José Eudes S. Oliveira,&nbsp;André P. Liesen,&nbsp;Vagner B. dos Santos,&nbsp;Severino Carlos B. Oliveira","doi":"10.1002/elan.12022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.12022","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Tryptophan (TRP) in the human body is generally metabolized by two different pathways, to serotonin or via kynurenine (KYN), where the majority is consumed through the latter. Studies relate that the imbalance between these two pathways is associated with different types of diseases. This work aims to investigate for the first time the redox properties of KYN in aqueous electrolytes on glassy carbon electrode (GCE), using electrochemical techniques, cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), square wave voltammetry (SWV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The electrooxidation of KYN was compared with the anodic behavior of aniline and kynurenic acid. The KYN oxidation mechanism was proposed and occurs in the 2-aminobenzoyl group from a main step with the withdrawal of one electron and the formation of an intermediate cation radical (KYN^+•). The KYN^+• follows a dimerization and polymerization reaction, forming different electroactive products (polyKYNs) that are adsorbed on the GCE surface. The EIS data indicated that the adsorbed polyKYNs films on GCEs in a strongly acidic medium (pH = 0.3) are conductive and in a physiological medium they are resistive, hindering new subsequent reactions. All redox reactions identified were dependent on an acid–base equilibrium, since they were strongly influenced by the pH of the medium, occurring more easily in alkaline media. The diffusion coefficient of KYN was determined in phosphate buffer pH = 7.0 as 1.59 × 10⁻⁶ cm² s⁻¹. The voltammetric responses of DP were also explored here for the development of a sensitive electroanalytical method for detection and quantification of KYN. For the development of the method, analytical parameters were studied, such as work concentration range, linearity, limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ), repeatability, reproducibility, and selectivity to possible interferences. A method using DPV and GCE was developed for determination of KYN in acidic medium (pH = 0.30) with a LOD of 0.43 μmol L⁻¹.</p>","PeriodicalId":162,"journal":{"name":"Electroanalysis","volume":"37 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143431577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Electrochemical Platform Constructed with Tantalum Nanoparticles and Graphene Nanoplatelets for the Voltammetric Sensing of Ritodrine","authors":"Ebru Beyyavaş,&nbsp;Mehmet Aslanoglu","doi":"10.1002/elan.12029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.12029","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Tantalum (Ta) nanoparticles were synthesized by the reaction of lithium with pyridine solution of TaCl₅ via ultrasonication. Then, Ta nanoparticles and graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) were utilized to construct a novel sensing platform for the voltammetric detection of ritodrine. The electrochemically active surface area and charge transfer resistance (<i>R</i>_ct) of the proposed electrochemical platform (GCE/GNP@Ta) were determined to be 0.336 cm² and 86 Ω. This indicates that proposed material can be considered as a promising material in sensing applications. The performance of GCE/GNP@Ta was examined for ritodrine oxidation process and compared with other electrodes. GCE/GNP@Ta improved the voltammetric behavior of ritodrine and exhibited an oxidation peak potential (<i>E</i>_p) of 0.71 V, which is less than that of other electrodes. The potential shift and peak improvement of ritodrine indicated the higher electrocatalytic activity of electrode modified with GNP@Ta. GCE/GNP@Ta exhibited a working range from 4.0 × 10⁻⁸ to 1.5 × 10⁻⁶ M with a detection limit of 1.0 × 10⁻⁹ M (3<i>s</i>_b/m) for ritodrine. The voltammetric measurements yielded excellent accuracy and high precision for ritodrine in biological samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":162,"journal":{"name":"Electroanalysis","volume":"37 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143423515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Electrochemical Platform Constructed with Tantalum Nanoparticles and Graphene Nanoplatelets for the Voltammetric Sensing of Ritodrine","authors":"Ebru Beyyavaş,&nbsp;Mehmet Aslanoglu","doi":"10.1002/elan.12029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.12029","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Tantalum (Ta) nanoparticles were synthesized by the reaction of lithium with pyridine solution of TaCl₅ via ultrasonication. Then, Ta nanoparticles and graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) were utilized to construct a novel sensing platform for the voltammetric detection of ritodrine. The electrochemically active surface area and charge transfer resistance (<i>R</i>_ct) of the proposed electrochemical platform (GCE/GNP@Ta) were determined to be 0.336 cm² and 86 Ω. This indicates that proposed material can be considered as a promising material in sensing applications. The performance of GCE/GNP@Ta was examined for ritodrine oxidation process and compared with other electrodes. GCE/GNP@Ta improved the voltammetric behavior of ritodrine and exhibited an oxidation peak potential (<i>E</i>_p) of 0.71 V, which is less than that of other electrodes. The potential shift and peak improvement of ritodrine indicated the higher electrocatalytic activity of electrode modified with GNP@Ta. GCE/GNP@Ta exhibited a working range from 4.0 × 10⁻⁸ to 1.5 × 10⁻⁶ M with a detection limit of 1.0 × 10⁻⁹ M (3<i>s</i>_b/m) for ritodrine. The voltammetric measurements yielded excellent accuracy and high precision for ritodrine in biological samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":162,"journal":{"name":"Electroanalysis","volume":"37 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143423975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Screen-Printed Carbon Electrodes Molecularly Modified with Methylphenidate Film for Electrochemical Determination of Dopamine by Linear Scan Voltammetry","authors":"Fernando Riesco,&nbsp;Gloria A. Cosco-Salguero,&nbsp;Edgar Nagles,&nbsp;Johisner Penagos-Llanos,&nbsp;Rodrigo Segura,&nbsp;John Hurtado","doi":"10.1002/elan.12028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.12028","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The development of new sensors for dopamine (DP) detection is crucial due to its role as one of the most important neurotransmitters for maintaining mental health. In this context, a novel and simple 2D screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) molecularly modified electrode with a methylphenidate film was developed. This electrode exhibited notable activity in DP oxidation at potential values below 0.3 V, achieving a 300% increase in anodic current compared to the unmodified SPCE in an acidic environment (pH 3.0) with phosphate buffer solution. Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used to characterize the electrode's electrochemical behavior. The electrode achieved a DP detection limit of 0.15 <i>µ</i>mol/L using linear scan voltammetry. Interference studies with ascorbic acid and uric acid confirmed the electrode's selectivity for DP detection. The sensor's effectiveness was validated using real human urine samples, demonstrating accurate and reliable performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":162,"journal":{"name":"Electroanalysis","volume":"37 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143423514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}