Electroanalysis最新文献

{"title":"New Analytical Possibilities of Ion-Selective Electrodes in Self-Powered Bipolar Electrode Arrangement","authors":"Ewa Jaworska,&nbsp;Agata Michalska,&nbsp;Roberto Paolesse,&nbsp;Krzysztof Maksymiuk","doi":"10.1002/elan.70245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.70245","url":null,"abstract":"<p>All-solid-state potentiometric ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) with plastic membranes are attractive analytical tools; however, their analytical parameters cannot be easily tuned by instrumental control. On the other hand, implementation of ISEs into bipolar electrode systems, working in self-powered mode, opens new attractive analytical possibilities which are proposed and described in the present work. One of the tested options are bipolar electrode systems composed of connected cation- and anion-selective electrodes. This setup results in a linear dependence of the current flowing across the bipolar system on the logarithm of electrolyte concentration. The signal magnitude, the slope of the calibration plot, and the detection limit can be modified by the change of the membrane thickness or its composition. An important advantage of this approach is that the reference electrode is not required. Additionally, by appropriately tailoring the composition of the bipolar electrode system, an analytically beneficial linear dependence of the current directly on ion concentration in a selected range can be achieved, including the physiological range of potassium ionsare concentration. In another application mode, as shown experimentally and confirmed by model calculations, bypassing a potentiometric sensor by another ISE can be effectively used for detection limit lowering of the sensor.</p>","PeriodicalId":162,"journal":{"name":"Electroanalysis","volume":"38 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149356273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube/Carbon Paste-Modified Graphite Sheet Electrode Using Uric Acid as a Naturally Occurring Redox-Active Molecule for Aptamer-Mediated Signal Transduction","authors":"Jixin Shang,&nbsp;Zhuoya Liao,&nbsp;Qianxi Zhao,&nbsp;Huizi Zhang,&nbsp;Toru Nohgi,&nbsp;Jun Kameoka","doi":"10.1002/elan.70251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.70251","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study examines the use of uric acid (UA), a naturally occurring redox-active molecule, as a reporter for aptamer-mediated electrochemical signal transduction. Five graphite-sheet electrode configurations were compared, with the multiwalled carbon nanotube/carbon paste-modified graphite sheet electrode (MWCNT/CP/GSE) providing the strongest overall UA response. The measured linear UA range was 50–1000 μM, with a blank-derived limit of detection of 0.26 μM and a calculated limit of quantification of 0.87 μM. Standard-redox-probe cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, together with a nanotube-free CV-treatment control, provided complementary evidence for changes caused by the modification sequence. Four consecutive UA measurements on the same MWCNT/CP/GSE electrode showed no progressive current loss, while the interdevice relative standard deviation was 9.2% across three independently fabricated electrodes. Using the T5 testosterone-binding aptamer, the UA oxidation current decreased over the tested 100–700 nM testosterone interval. Additional cortisol, estradiol, and progesterone time-course controls showed no comparable progressive attenuation under the tested conditions. At 400 nM testosterone, mean peak-current retention was 78.83%–82.34% across 50, 100, and 200 μM UA backgrounds. These results support UA-mediated signal transduction in a controlled model system and show normalized responses of similar magnitude across the tested UA backgrounds. The present study establishes a proof of concept in buffer; physiological testosterone sensitivity and quantitative performance in sweat remain to be established.</p>","PeriodicalId":162,"journal":{"name":"Electroanalysis","volume":"38 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elan.70251","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149356115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable Rice Husk-Derived Biochar-Based Composite as Conductive Recognition Interface for Selective Electrochemical Sensing of Dopamine","authors":"Tenghui Hong,&nbsp;Zhongshu Duan,&nbsp;Qiuhua Tang,&nbsp;Zhiping Huang,&nbsp;Mingfang Li,&nbsp;Fei Ding,&nbsp;Guixia Tan,&nbsp;Yangping Wen","doi":"10.1002/elan.70247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.70247","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sensitive and selective determination of dopamine (DA) is important for neurochemical analysis, but electrochemical detection in complex matrices remains limited by interfacial passivation and interference from coexisting electroactive species. Here, rice husk-derived biochar (RHB) was integrated with UiO-66-NH₂ through an in situ solvothermal process to construct a conductive composite interface for DA sensing. The RHB scaffold provides an interconnected carbon network for charge transport and increases the accessible electrode/electrolyte interface, whereas incorporation of the UiO-66-NH₂ precursor modifies the interfacial environment relevant to DA accumulation and electrooxidation. Control experiments using bare GCE, RHB/GCE, UiO-66-NH₂ precursor/GCE, and the composite-modified electrode showed that the composite produced the highest DA current response under identical conditions. Post-electrochemical X-ray diffraction revealed disappearance of the characteristic UiO-66-NH₂ reflections after operation in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), demonstrating loss of long-range metal–organic framework (MOF) crystallinity. UiO-66-NH₂ is therefore regarded as a structural precursor rather than as the persistent electroactive MOF phase during sensing in PBS. Under optimized conditions, the resulting RHB-based composite/GCE (RHB composite/GCE) exhibited two linear ranges between 0.07–7.0 and 7.0–70.0 μM with a detection limit of 10.24 nM. In diluted human urine, recoveries of 99.4% (relative standard deviation (RSD) = 1.3%, <i>n</i> = 3) and 102.3% (RSD = 1.8%, <i>n</i> = 3) were obtained for DA additions of 1.0 and 5.0 μM, respectively. These results demonstrate that biomass-derived conductive carbon can effectively improve the electrochemical performance of a UiO-66-NH₂-derived sensing interface and provide a practical route for incorporating agricultural waste-derived carbon into electrochemical sensor design.</p>","PeriodicalId":162,"journal":{"name":"Electroanalysis","volume":"38 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149356114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube/Carbon Paste-Modified Graphite Sheet Electrode Using Uric Acid as a Naturally Occurring Redox-Active Molecule for Aptamer-Mediated Signal Transduction","authors":"Jixin Shang,&nbsp;Zhuoya Liao,&nbsp;Qianxi Zhao,&nbsp;Huizi Zhang,&nbsp;Toru Nohgi,&nbsp;Jun Kameoka","doi":"10.1002/elan.70251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.70251","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study examines the use of uric acid (UA), a naturally occurring redox-active molecule, as a reporter for aptamer-mediated electrochemical signal transduction. Five graphite-sheet electrode configurations were compared, with the multiwalled carbon nanotube/carbon paste-modified graphite sheet electrode (MWCNT/CP/GSE) providing the strongest overall UA response. The measured linear UA range was 50–1000 μM, with a blank-derived limit of detection of 0.26 μM and a calculated limit of quantification of 0.87 μM. Standard-redox-probe cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, together with a nanotube-free CV-treatment control, provided complementary evidence for changes caused by the modification sequence. Four consecutive UA measurements on the same MWCNT/CP/GSE electrode showed no progressive current loss, while the interdevice relative standard deviation was 9.2% across three independently fabricated electrodes. Using the T5 testosterone-binding aptamer, the UA oxidation current decreased over the tested 100–700 nM testosterone interval. Additional cortisol, estradiol, and progesterone time-course controls showed no comparable progressive attenuation under the tested conditions. At 400 nM testosterone, mean peak-current retention was 78.83%–82.34% across 50, 100, and 200 μM UA backgrounds. These results support UA-mediated signal transduction in a controlled model system and show normalized responses of similar magnitude across the tested UA backgrounds. The present study establishes a proof of concept in buffer; physiological testosterone sensitivity and quantitative performance in sweat remain to be established.</p>","PeriodicalId":162,"journal":{"name":"Electroanalysis","volume":"38 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elan.70251","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149356274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable Rice Husk-Derived Biochar-Based Composite as Conductive Recognition Interface for Selective Electrochemical Sensing of Dopamine","authors":"Tenghui Hong,&nbsp;Zhongshu Duan,&nbsp;Qiuhua Tang,&nbsp;Zhiping Huang,&nbsp;Mingfang Li,&nbsp;Fei Ding,&nbsp;Guixia Tan,&nbsp;Yangping Wen","doi":"10.1002/elan.70247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.70247","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sensitive and selective determination of dopamine (DA) is important for neurochemical analysis, but electrochemical detection in complex matrices remains limited by interfacial passivation and interference from coexisting electroactive species. Here, rice husk-derived biochar (RHB) was integrated with UiO-66-NH₂ through an in situ solvothermal process to construct a conductive composite interface for DA sensing. The RHB scaffold provides an interconnected carbon network for charge transport and increases the accessible electrode/electrolyte interface, whereas incorporation of the UiO-66-NH₂ precursor modifies the interfacial environment relevant to DA accumulation and electrooxidation. Control experiments using bare GCE, RHB/GCE, UiO-66-NH₂ precursor/GCE, and the composite-modified electrode showed that the composite produced the highest DA current response under identical conditions. Post-electrochemical X-ray diffraction revealed disappearance of the characteristic UiO-66-NH₂ reflections after operation in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), demonstrating loss of long-range metal–organic framework (MOF) crystallinity. UiO-66-NH₂ is therefore regarded as a structural precursor rather than as the persistent electroactive MOF phase during sensing in PBS. Under optimized conditions, the resulting RHB-based composite/GCE (RHB composite/GCE) exhibited two linear ranges between 0.07–7.0 and 7.0–70.0 μM with a detection limit of 10.24 nM. In diluted human urine, recoveries of 99.4% (relative standard deviation (RSD) = 1.3%, <i>n</i> = 3) and 102.3% (RSD = 1.8%, <i>n</i> = 3) were obtained for DA additions of 1.0 and 5.0 μM, respectively. These results demonstrate that biomass-derived conductive carbon can effectively improve the electrochemical performance of a UiO-66-NH₂-derived sensing interface and provide a practical route for incorporating agricultural waste-derived carbon into electrochemical sensor design.</p>","PeriodicalId":162,"journal":{"name":"Electroanalysis","volume":"38 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149355775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable Rice Husk-Derived Biochar-Based Composite as Conductive Recognition Interface for Selective Electrochemical Sensing of Dopamine","authors":"Tenghui Hong,&nbsp;Zhongshu Duan,&nbsp;Qiuhua Tang,&nbsp;Zhiping Huang,&nbsp;Mingfang Li,&nbsp;Fei Ding,&nbsp;Guixia Tan,&nbsp;Yangping Wen","doi":"10.1002/elan.70247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.70247","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sensitive and selective determination of dopamine (DA) is important for neurochemical analysis, but electrochemical detection in complex matrices remains limited by interfacial passivation and interference from coexisting electroactive species. Here, rice husk-derived biochar (RHB) was integrated with UiO-66-NH₂ through an in situ solvothermal process to construct a conductive composite interface for DA sensing. The RHB scaffold provides an interconnected carbon network for charge transport and increases the accessible electrode/electrolyte interface, whereas incorporation of the UiO-66-NH₂ precursor modifies the interfacial environment relevant to DA accumulation and electrooxidation. Control experiments using bare GCE, RHB/GCE, UiO-66-NH₂ precursor/GCE, and the composite-modified electrode showed that the composite produced the highest DA current response under identical conditions. Post-electrochemical X-ray diffraction revealed disappearance of the characteristic UiO-66-NH₂ reflections after operation in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), demonstrating loss of long-range metal–organic framework (MOF) crystallinity. UiO-66-NH₂ is therefore regarded as a structural precursor rather than as the persistent electroactive MOF phase during sensing in PBS. Under optimized conditions, the resulting RHB-based composite/GCE (RHB composite/GCE) exhibited two linear ranges between 0.07–7.0 and 7.0–70.0 μM with a detection limit of 10.24 nM. In diluted human urine, recoveries of 99.4% (relative standard deviation (RSD) = 1.3%, <i>n</i> = 3) and 102.3% (RSD = 1.8%, <i>n</i> = 3) were obtained for DA additions of 1.0 and 5.0 μM, respectively. These results demonstrate that biomass-derived conductive carbon can effectively improve the electrochemical performance of a UiO-66-NH₂-derived sensing interface and provide a practical route for incorporating agricultural waste-derived carbon into electrochemical sensor design.</p>","PeriodicalId":162,"journal":{"name":"Electroanalysis","volume":"38 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149356398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leaf-Template-Derived Copper Oxide Nanomaterials for Nonenzymatic Electrochemical Sensing of Hydrogen Peroxide","authors":"Chang Liu,&nbsp;Yuqiu Gao,&nbsp;YuTing Li,&nbsp;Demei Kong,&nbsp;Ruiheng Yue,&nbsp;Shuang Han,&nbsp;Long Zhao,&nbsp;Xinwen Xu","doi":"10.1002/elan.70238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.70238","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this study, CuO nanomaterials were prepared by an impregnation–calcination method using <i>Dracaena fragrans</i> leaves as a template and then modified onto the surface of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to construct a CuO/GCE nonenzymatic electrochemical sensor for hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) detection. The structure and composition of the prepared materials were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, HRTEM, EDS, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results showed that the prepared CuO possessed a monoclinic crystal structure, a loose porous hierarchical morphology, good crystallinity, and uniform elemental distribution, which were beneficial for active-site exposure and mass transfer. Electrochemical measurements demonstrated that CuO/GCE exhibited a remarkable electrocatalytic reduction response toward H₂O₂. Under the optimized conditions, at a working potential of −0.3 V and an electrode modification volume of 5 μL, the sensor showed a good linear response to H₂O₂ in the range of 0.4–5812 μM, with a sensitivity of 0.598 μA μM⁻¹ cm⁻² and a detection limit of 0.25 μM. In addition, the sensor exhibited good selectivity, stability, reproducibility, and repeatability. Recovery experiments in real water samples indicated that CuO/GCE could be applied to the detection of H₂O₂ in tap water and river water, showing potential for practical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":162,"journal":{"name":"Electroanalysis","volume":"38 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149355927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Anion-Exchange Sorbent as a Support for Voltammetric Determination of the Ionic Form of Ti(IV) in Soil Extracts","authors":"Jakub Warowny,&nbsp;Beata Krasnodębska-Ostręga","doi":"10.1002/elan.70253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.70253","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Agricultural and industrial applications of fertilizers containing titanium components lead to the release of ionic Ti(IV) and TiO₂ into the soil environment, making them mobile and potentially bioavailable. The ionic mobile form has a low content, and interference during the measurement should be expected. Adsorptive stripping voltammetry (AdSV) allows for distinguishing Ti(IV) from TiO₂ (even in the form of nanoparticles) in soil extracts (0.01 mol L⁻¹ HCl—stabilization of the ionic form), but the matrix effect often causes an increased LOD value and may render measurements impossible. To overcome this limitation, a solid-phase extraction technique in a batch mode (Dowex 1 X8) was proposed. Ionic Ti(IV) in the form of a Ti(IV)-mandelic acid (Ti(IV)-MA) complex was selectively retained on an anion-exchange resin and then quantitatively leached with a hydrochloric acid solution. Handling the Ti(IV)-MA complex rather than the Ti(IV) chloride complex as the retained compound limits potential hydrolysis. The Ti(IV)-MA complex was directly used in AdSV. The proposed procedure allowed for subnanogram determination in a voltammetric cell, with an LOD recalculated for the subsample (<i>t</i>_d = 60 s) equal to 0.084 µg L⁻¹ (1.4 µg L⁻¹ in soil extract). The determination of 0.6 ng Ti(IV) (300 µL of eluate in a 10 mL cell) resulted in 101%–115% recovery, confirming the reliability of the separation method.</p>","PeriodicalId":162,"journal":{"name":"Electroanalysis","volume":"38 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149355714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leaf-Template-Derived Copper Oxide Nanomaterials for Nonenzymatic Electrochemical Sensing of Hydrogen Peroxide","authors":"Chang Liu,&nbsp;Yuqiu Gao,&nbsp;YuTing Li,&nbsp;Demei Kong,&nbsp;Ruiheng Yue,&nbsp;Shuang Han,&nbsp;Long Zhao,&nbsp;Xinwen Xu","doi":"10.1002/elan.70238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.70238","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this study, CuO nanomaterials were prepared by an impregnation–calcination method using <i>Dracaena fragrans</i> leaves as a template and then modified onto the surface of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to construct a CuO/GCE nonenzymatic electrochemical sensor for hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) detection. The structure and composition of the prepared materials were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, HRTEM, EDS, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results showed that the prepared CuO possessed a monoclinic crystal structure, a loose porous hierarchical morphology, good crystallinity, and uniform elemental distribution, which were beneficial for active-site exposure and mass transfer. Electrochemical measurements demonstrated that CuO/GCE exhibited a remarkable electrocatalytic reduction response toward H₂O₂. Under the optimized conditions, at a working potential of −0.3 V and an electrode modification volume of 5 μL, the sensor showed a good linear response to H₂O₂ in the range of 0.4–5812 μM, with a sensitivity of 0.598 μA μM⁻¹ cm⁻² and a detection limit of 0.25 μM. In addition, the sensor exhibited good selectivity, stability, reproducibility, and repeatability. Recovery experiments in real water samples indicated that CuO/GCE could be applied to the detection of H₂O₂ in tap water and river water, showing potential for practical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":162,"journal":{"name":"Electroanalysis","volume":"38 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149355755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Anion-Exchange Sorbent as a Support for Voltammetric Determination of the Ionic Form of Ti(IV) in Soil Extracts","authors":"Jakub Warowny,&nbsp;Beata Krasnodębska-Ostręga","doi":"10.1002/elan.70253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.70253","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Agricultural and industrial applications of fertilizers containing titanium components lead to the release of ionic Ti(IV) and TiO₂ into the soil environment, making them mobile and potentially bioavailable. The ionic mobile form has a low content, and interference during the measurement should be expected. Adsorptive stripping voltammetry (AdSV) allows for distinguishing Ti(IV) from TiO₂ (even in the form of nanoparticles) in soil extracts (0.01 mol L⁻¹ HCl—stabilization of the ionic form), but the matrix effect often causes an increased LOD value and may render measurements impossible. To overcome this limitation, a solid-phase extraction technique in a batch mode (Dowex 1 X8) was proposed. Ionic Ti(IV) in the form of a Ti(IV)-mandelic acid (Ti(IV)-MA) complex was selectively retained on an anion-exchange resin and then quantitatively leached with a hydrochloric acid solution. Handling the Ti(IV)-MA complex rather than the Ti(IV) chloride complex as the retained compound limits potential hydrolysis. The Ti(IV)-MA complex was directly used in AdSV. The proposed procedure allowed for subnanogram determination in a voltammetric cell, with an LOD recalculated for the subsample (<i>t</i>_d = 60 s) equal to 0.084 µg L⁻¹ (1.4 µg L⁻¹ in soil extract). The determination of 0.6 ng Ti(IV) (300 µL of eluate in a 10 mL cell) resulted in 101%–115% recovery, confirming the reliability of the separation method.</p>","PeriodicalId":162,"journal":{"name":"Electroanalysis","volume":"38 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149355719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}