Electroanalysis最新文献

{"title":"A Highly Efficient Fiber-Shaped Non-Enzymatic Glucose Sensor Based on Nickel-Modified Anodic TiO2 Nanotubes","authors":"Yiming Jin,&nbsp;Jia Peng,&nbsp;Yixuan Wu,&nbsp;Yuhua Xue","doi":"10.1002/elan.70209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.70209","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Rational electrode architecture design is critical for enhancing the performance of non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose sensors, yet efficient utilization of redox-active sites in flexible and miniaturized platforms remains difficult. Herein, we report a fiber-shaped Ni@CTNT electrode fabricated on a Ti wire via a sequential anodization–carbonization–electrodeposition strategy, where nickel-based redox centers are integrally coupled with a conductive carbon-coated TiO₂ nanotube scaffold in a binder-free configuration. Structural and spectroscopic analyses indicate that Ni is predominantly present as Ni²⁺ species, serving as the electroactive precursor for the reversible Ni(OH)₂/NiOOH redox couple, while the defect-enriched carbon interface and ordered nanotubular framework provide continuous electron-transport pathways and strong anchoring of active phases. As a result, the Ni@CTNT electrode delivers a rapid amperometric response (&lt;2 s) and high sensitivity (4624 μA·mM⁻¹·cm⁻²) over a practical linear range (0.01–5.78 mM) and enables reliable glucose quantification in a commercial beverage sample. More broadly, this study elucidates an interface and architecture engineering principle in which Ni-based redox centers are integrated into a conductive and mechanically robust scaffold, thereby enhancing redox-site utilization and signal reliability and providing a general materials–architecture strategy applicable to other transition-metal-based sensing and electrocatalytic systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":162,"journal":{"name":"Electroanalysis","volume":"38 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149146600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Highly Efficient Fiber-Shaped Non-Enzymatic Glucose Sensor Based on Nickel-Modified Anodic TiO2 Nanotubes","authors":"Yiming Jin,&nbsp;Jia Peng,&nbsp;Yixuan Wu,&nbsp;Yuhua Xue","doi":"10.1002/elan.70209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.70209","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Rational electrode architecture design is critical for enhancing the performance of non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose sensors, yet efficient utilization of redox-active sites in flexible and miniaturized platforms remains difficult. Herein, we report a fiber-shaped Ni@CTNT electrode fabricated on a Ti wire via a sequential anodization–carbonization–electrodeposition strategy, where nickel-based redox centers are integrally coupled with a conductive carbon-coated TiO₂ nanotube scaffold in a binder-free configuration. Structural and spectroscopic analyses indicate that Ni is predominantly present as Ni²⁺ species, serving as the electroactive precursor for the reversible Ni(OH)₂/NiOOH redox couple, while the defect-enriched carbon interface and ordered nanotubular framework provide continuous electron-transport pathways and strong anchoring of active phases. As a result, the Ni@CTNT electrode delivers a rapid amperometric response (&lt;2 s) and high sensitivity (4624 μA·mM⁻¹·cm⁻²) over a practical linear range (0.01–5.78 mM) and enables reliable glucose quantification in a commercial beverage sample. More broadly, this study elucidates an interface and architecture engineering principle in which Ni-based redox centers are integrated into a conductive and mechanically robust scaffold, thereby enhancing redox-site utilization and signal reliability and providing a general materials–architecture strategy applicable to other transition-metal-based sensing and electrocatalytic systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":162,"journal":{"name":"Electroanalysis","volume":"38 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149146672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of a Laccase Bioelectrode Using Multipoint Covalent Immobilization: Behavior Under Different Stress Conditions and Long-Term Storage","authors":"W. I. García-García,&nbsp;G. A. Huerta-Miranda,&nbsp;K. Juárez,&nbsp;M. Miranda-Hernández","doi":"10.1002/elan.70225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.70225","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The practical implementation of enzyme bioelectrodes is limited by the inherent lability of proteins, which require mild conditions to maintain both catalytic activity and long-term stability. The lack of standardized reference parameters and the inherent complexity of biointerfaces also hinder direct comparison among electrochemical enzyme systems. Here, we present a reproducible platform based on the rational structural design of a laccase bioelectrode. Using its crystallographic structure, we performed an in silico evaluation of solvent accessibility and thermal flexibility to identify surface-exposed lysine residues suitable for multipoint covalent immobilization on aryl-carboxylic functionalized carbon paper under mild conditions. This strategy creates a simplified biointerface in which stability is integrated as an intrinsic property of the electrode-enzyme system, eliminating the need for complex nanostructured materials. After 24 h of interfacial protein stabilization, the modified electrode exhibited improved electrochemical kinetics and retained ≈80% of its electroactivity after thermal, mechanical, chemical, and electrochemical stress, and ≈40% after 40 days of storage. The bioelectrode operated as a cathode in both a zinc-based hybrid cell and a <i>Geobacter sulfurreducens</i> bioelectrochemical system, demonstrating the operational versatility of this approach. This work establishes a structurally guided strategy for the development of robust, reproducible, and comparable biointerfaces for bioelectrochemical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":162,"journal":{"name":"Electroanalysis","volume":"38 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elan.70225","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149048549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of a Laccase Bioelectrode Using Multipoint Covalent Immobilization: Behavior Under Different Stress Conditions and Long-Term Storage","authors":"W. I. García-García,&nbsp;G. A. Huerta-Miranda,&nbsp;K. Juárez,&nbsp;M. Miranda-Hernández","doi":"10.1002/elan.70225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.70225","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The practical implementation of enzyme bioelectrodes is limited by the inherent lability of proteins, which require mild conditions to maintain both catalytic activity and long-term stability. The lack of standardized reference parameters and the inherent complexity of biointerfaces also hinder direct comparison among electrochemical enzyme systems. Here, we present a reproducible platform based on the rational structural design of a laccase bioelectrode. Using its crystallographic structure, we performed an in silico evaluation of solvent accessibility and thermal flexibility to identify surface-exposed lysine residues suitable for multipoint covalent immobilization on aryl-carboxylic functionalized carbon paper under mild conditions. This strategy creates a simplified biointerface in which stability is integrated as an intrinsic property of the electrode-enzyme system, eliminating the need for complex nanostructured materials. After 24 h of interfacial protein stabilization, the modified electrode exhibited improved electrochemical kinetics and retained ≈80% of its electroactivity after thermal, mechanical, chemical, and electrochemical stress, and ≈40% after 40 days of storage. The bioelectrode operated as a cathode in both a zinc-based hybrid cell and a <i>Geobacter sulfurreducens</i> bioelectrochemical system, demonstrating the operational versatility of this approach. This work establishes a structurally guided strategy for the development of robust, reproducible, and comparable biointerfaces for bioelectrochemical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":162,"journal":{"name":"Electroanalysis","volume":"38 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elan.70225","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149048555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrolyte Potential Control Schemes for Redox-Cycling","authors":"Alexander Frey,&nbsp;Nadine Philippin,&nbsp;Thorsten Koch,&nbsp;Roland Thewes,&nbsp;Ingo Kuehne","doi":"10.1002/elan.70228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.70228","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Redox-cycling at interdigitated microelectrode arrays provides amplified current signals for the detection of electroactive species. However, stable operation conventionally requires a reference electrode to control the electrolyte potential. Here, a two-dimensional finite-element model based on Nernst–Planck transport and Butler–Volmer electrode kinetics was developed to analyze the influence of electrolyte potential on redox-cycling currents. The model was parameterized for the p-aminophenol/quinoneimine redox couple and reproduced experimentally reported steady-state currents of approximately 80 nA for 10 µM p-aminophenol. For the investigated sensor system, the simulations show a broad current maximum around the optimum electrolyte potential. With generator and collector potentials of +150 and −150 mV, respectively, electrolyte-potential deviations of ±50 mV had little influence on the redox-cycling current, whereas deviations of ±100 mV reduced the current by approximately 7.5%. These findings explain the experimentally observed tolerance of the system toward potential drift when Au pseudo-reference electrodes are used. A reference-electrode-free control approach based on maximum-current-point detection is proposed. By modulating the electrolyte potential and using the phase-sensitive current response as an error signal, the counter-electrode potential is adjusted to maintain maximum redox-cycling current. SPICE simulations based on FEM-derived current–potential characteristics demonstrate suppression of drift-induced current variations. The concept is suitable for compact and highly integrated redox-cycling sensor systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":162,"journal":{"name":"Electroanalysis","volume":"38 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elan.70228","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149048470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrolyte Potential Control Schemes for Redox-Cycling","authors":"Alexander Frey,&nbsp;Nadine Philippin,&nbsp;Thorsten Koch,&nbsp;Roland Thewes,&nbsp;Ingo Kuehne","doi":"10.1002/elan.70228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.70228","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Redox-cycling at interdigitated microelectrode arrays provides amplified current signals for the detection of electroactive species. However, stable operation conventionally requires a reference electrode to control the electrolyte potential. Here, a two-dimensional finite-element model based on Nernst–Planck transport and Butler–Volmer electrode kinetics was developed to analyze the influence of electrolyte potential on redox-cycling currents. The model was parameterized for the p-aminophenol/quinoneimine redox couple and reproduced experimentally reported steady-state currents of approximately 80 nA for 10 µM p-aminophenol. For the investigated sensor system, the simulations show a broad current maximum around the optimum electrolyte potential. With generator and collector potentials of +150 and −150 mV, respectively, electrolyte-potential deviations of ±50 mV had little influence on the redox-cycling current, whereas deviations of ±100 mV reduced the current by approximately 7.5%. These findings explain the experimentally observed tolerance of the system toward potential drift when Au pseudo-reference electrodes are used. A reference-electrode-free control approach based on maximum-current-point detection is proposed. By modulating the electrolyte potential and using the phase-sensitive current response as an error signal, the counter-electrode potential is adjusted to maintain maximum redox-cycling current. SPICE simulations based on FEM-derived current–potential characteristics demonstrate suppression of drift-induced current variations. The concept is suitable for compact and highly integrated redox-cycling sensor systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":162,"journal":{"name":"Electroanalysis","volume":"38 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elan.70228","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149048265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrochemistry of U(IV/III) in LiCl–KCl Molten Salt With Free-Standing Boron-Doped Diamond","authors":"Jason Rakos,&nbsp;Sarah Kazemeini,&nbsp;Nastasija Damjanovic,&nbsp;Dustyn C. Weber,&nbsp;Amanda M. Lines,&nbsp;Samuel A. Bryan,&nbsp;William R. Heineman,&nbsp;Shirmir D. Branch,&nbsp;Cory A. Rusinek","doi":"10.1002/elan.70220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.70220","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Molten salt reactors (MSRs) are a key technology on the pathway to zero-emission clean energy and are a part of the Generation IV advanced nuclear reactor fleet. However, large-scale development requires resolving outstanding challenges related to corrosion monitoring and nuclear material accounting. Electrochemistry provides a means to extract several fundamental aspects of an MSR system, from understanding impactful corrosion reactions to safeguarding nuclear material. This has specific importance to the nuclear fuel salt and its associated redox behavior. However, advanced electrode materials for long-term redox monitoring in molten salts still need to be developed. In this work, various electroanalytical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronocoulometry (CC), and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) were used to assess the electrochemical performance of free-standing boron-doped diamond (FS-BDD) in LiCl–KCl molten salt from 723 to 923 K. The U(IV/III) system was studied as the redox couple on the FS-BDD for these measurements. Several redox properties were determined, including the formal potential (<i>E</i>⁰^′), diffusion coefficient (<i>D</i>), heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant (<i>k</i>°), formal Gibbs free energy (Δ<i>G</i>⁰^′), formal enthalpy of reaction (Δ<i>H</i>⁰^′), formal entropy of reaction (Δ<i>S</i>⁰^′), and activation energy (<i>E</i>_a). The calculated values were compared across the different techniques to find the most accurate and precise method for using FS-BDD in molten salt matrices. For U(IV/III), values for <i>D</i> were on the order of 10⁻⁵–10⁻⁶ cm²·s⁻¹ at each temperature and align with values available in the literature. Other thermodynamic data (Δ<i>G</i>⁰^′, Δ<i>H</i>⁰^′, Δ<i>S</i>⁰^′) for the redox system were also in agreement with literature. Overall, this work advances fundamental understanding by giving direct comparison of electrochemical methods of U(IV/III) in molten salts and expands the applicability of BDD as an electrode material for high-temperature electroanalytical measurements.</p>","PeriodicalId":162,"journal":{"name":"Electroanalysis","volume":"38 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elan.70220","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149048264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrochemistry of U(IV/III) in LiCl–KCl Molten Salt With Free-Standing Boron-Doped Diamond","authors":"Jason Rakos,&nbsp;Sarah Kazemeini,&nbsp;Nastasija Damjanovic,&nbsp;Dustyn C. Weber,&nbsp;Amanda M. Lines,&nbsp;Samuel A. Bryan,&nbsp;William R. Heineman,&nbsp;Shirmir D. Branch,&nbsp;Cory A. Rusinek","doi":"10.1002/elan.70220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.70220","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Molten salt reactors (MSRs) are a key technology on the pathway to zero-emission clean energy and are a part of the Generation IV advanced nuclear reactor fleet. However, large-scale development requires resolving outstanding challenges related to corrosion monitoring and nuclear material accounting. Electrochemistry provides a means to extract several fundamental aspects of an MSR system, from understanding impactful corrosion reactions to safeguarding nuclear material. This has specific importance to the nuclear fuel salt and its associated redox behavior. However, advanced electrode materials for long-term redox monitoring in molten salts still need to be developed. In this work, various electroanalytical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronocoulometry (CC), and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) were used to assess the electrochemical performance of free-standing boron-doped diamond (FS-BDD) in LiCl–KCl molten salt from 723 to 923 K. The U(IV/III) system was studied as the redox couple on the FS-BDD for these measurements. Several redox properties were determined, including the formal potential (<i>E</i>⁰^′), diffusion coefficient (<i>D</i>), heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant (<i>k</i>°), formal Gibbs free energy (Δ<i>G</i>⁰^′), formal enthalpy of reaction (Δ<i>H</i>⁰^′), formal entropy of reaction (Δ<i>S</i>⁰^′), and activation energy (<i>E</i>_a). The calculated values were compared across the different techniques to find the most accurate and precise method for using FS-BDD in molten salt matrices. For U(IV/III), values for <i>D</i> were on the order of 10⁻⁵–10⁻⁶ cm²·s⁻¹ at each temperature and align with values available in the literature. Other thermodynamic data (Δ<i>G</i>⁰^′, Δ<i>H</i>⁰^′, Δ<i>S</i>⁰^′) for the redox system were also in agreement with literature. Overall, this work advances fundamental understanding by giving direct comparison of electrochemical methods of U(IV/III) in molten salts and expands the applicability of BDD as an electrode material for high-temperature electroanalytical measurements.</p>","PeriodicalId":162,"journal":{"name":"Electroanalysis","volume":"38 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elan.70220","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149048471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Dual-Mode CA-125 Immunosensor Based on the Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction of Nickel Single-Atom Catalyst for Promoting the Luminol Electrochemiluminescence","authors":"Xinxin He,&nbsp;Zhimin Liu,&nbsp;Waner Hou,&nbsp;Yimo Guo,&nbsp;Yaxin Li,&nbsp;Leqian Hu","doi":"10.1002/elan.70226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.70226","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Herein, two carbon-supported nickel single-atom catalysts (Ni–N₂O₂@C, Ni–N₄@C) were synthesized and used as efficient coreaction accelerators to enhance the ECL responses of luminol/O₂ system. The corresponding oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) behaviors of the catalysts can be well controlled by adjusting the coordination environment of the center metal atoms. The catalytic measurements showed that the Ni–N₂O₂@C catalyst displayed a two-electron pathway to produce H₂O₂, while the Ni–N₄@C showed a 4e-ORR route to reduce O₂ into H₂O. According to the experimental results, the O₂^⦁− was the main radical during the ECL reaction process, and the Ni–N₄@C catalyst exhibited superior performance in activating the dissolved O₂, which is beneficial for enhancing the ECL emission of luminol/O₂ system. Finally, Ni–N₄@C catalyst was used as coreactant promoters in luminol ECL system, and Cu-based metal–organic framework (Cu-BTC) was chosen as the masking agent of the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) signal and the signal substance of differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Based on the abovementioned strategy, a dual-signal immunosensing platform was constructed, and the sensitive analysis of ovarian cancer biomarker CA-125 was achieved with high selectivity as well as positive stability.</p>","PeriodicalId":162,"journal":{"name":"Electroanalysis","volume":"38 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149048103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Dual-Mode CA-125 Immunosensor Based on the Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction of Nickel Single-Atom Catalyst for Promoting the Luminol Electrochemiluminescence","authors":"Xinxin He,&nbsp;Zhimin Liu,&nbsp;Waner Hou,&nbsp;Yimo Guo,&nbsp;Yaxin Li,&nbsp;Leqian Hu","doi":"10.1002/elan.70226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.70226","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Herein, two carbon-supported nickel single-atom catalysts (Ni–N₂O₂@C, Ni–N₄@C) were synthesized and used as efficient coreaction accelerators to enhance the ECL responses of luminol/O₂ system. The corresponding oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) behaviors of the catalysts can be well controlled by adjusting the coordination environment of the center metal atoms. The catalytic measurements showed that the Ni–N₂O₂@C catalyst displayed a two-electron pathway to produce H₂O₂, while the Ni–N₄@C showed a 4e-ORR route to reduce O₂ into H₂O. According to the experimental results, the O₂^⦁− was the main radical during the ECL reaction process, and the Ni–N₄@C catalyst exhibited superior performance in activating the dissolved O₂, which is beneficial for enhancing the ECL emission of luminol/O₂ system. Finally, Ni–N₄@C catalyst was used as coreactant promoters in luminol ECL system, and Cu-based metal–organic framework (Cu-BTC) was chosen as the masking agent of the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) signal and the signal substance of differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Based on the abovementioned strategy, a dual-signal immunosensing platform was constructed, and the sensitive analysis of ovarian cancer biomarker CA-125 was achieved with high selectivity as well as positive stability.</p>","PeriodicalId":162,"journal":{"name":"Electroanalysis","volume":"38 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149048249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}