Electroanalysis最新文献

{"title":"Suitability of Electrochemical Sensing on Screen-Printed Carbon Electrodes for the Identification of Eutylone (βk-EBDB)","authors":"Harry Van Dorssen,&nbsp;Shanlin Fu,&nbsp;Morgan Alonzo","doi":"10.1002/elan.70121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.70121","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The illicit stimulant, β-keto-ethylbenzodioxolylbutanamine (βk-EBDB), has seen widespread abuse in recent years, spurring the need for new on-site screening tools for accurate and timely identification in forensic investigations. This study sought to develop and evaluate an electrochemical sensing method on screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) for the determination of this drug in simulated case samples, human oral fluid and human urine. Analysis was performed under optimised differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) for solid drug material dissolved in 0.10 M borate buffer saline (BBS) at pH 10.0 as the supporting electrolyte. Adsorptive stripping differential pulse voltammetry (AdSDPV) was employed for detection in biological fluids diluted in the same buffer system. βk-EBDB was profiled in under 4 min with an estimated limit of detection/quantification (LOD/LOQ) of 10 µM and a linear response within the following concentration ranges: 10–100 µM in supporting electrolyte, 10–60 µM in oral fluid and 10–35 µM in urine. Electrochemical signals demonstrated good repeatability in peak potential both within a single day (intraday) and across multiple days (interday), with relative standard deviations for both methods remaining below 1.51% (<i>N</i> = 36). During the same experiments, peak current relative standard deviations were consistently higher, reaching 24.1% (<i>N</i> = 36) in some instances. Strong selectivity for βk-EBDB was observed even in the presence of commonly encountered illicit drugs and cutting agents. This suggests the method's potential for integration into a rapid and cost-effective drug testing device for forensic science applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":162,"journal":{"name":"Electroanalysis","volume":"38 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elan.70121","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147564062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced Electrochemical Detection of Nitrite Using Prussian Blue-Coated Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles as Peroxidase Mimetics","authors":"Jie Chen,&nbsp;Jiajia Wang,&nbsp;Demeng Qian,&nbsp;Mengping Gao,&nbsp;Ayang Zhou,&nbsp;Baokang Jin","doi":"10.1002/elan.70120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.70120","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Herein, Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄ MNPs) were synthesized via a one-step counter-coprecipitation method, and Prussian blue (PB) nanoparticles were subsequently modified in situ on the surface of Fe₃O₄ MNPs. The obtained PB/Fe₃O₄ composite magnetic nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results demonstrated that PB/Fe₃O₄ exhibited excellent peroxidase-like catalytic activity and followed Michaelis–Menten kinetics in the presence of H₂O₂ and 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine. Taking advantage of the intrinsic peroxidase-like activity of PB, Fe₃O₄ MNPs, and their synergistic effects, a novel nitrite (NO₂⁻) signal-enhanced electrochemical sensing platform was developed by first modifying a magnetic glassy carbon electrode (MGCE) with PB and then drop-casting the PB/ Fe₃O₄ composite nanoparticles. The resulting PB/ Fe₃O₄/PB/MGCE sensor exhibited high sensitivity and selectivity toward NO₂⁻ detection. Under optimized conditions, the sensor achieved a detection limit of 0.03588 μM (S/N = 3). Furthermore, the proposed peroxidase-like signal-enhanced electrochemical sensor was successfully applied to detect NO₂⁻ in sausage, bacon, and pickled mustard tuber samples. Overall, this novel signal-enhanced electrochemical sensing strategy offers great potential for applications in food quality control and safety monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":162,"journal":{"name":"Electroanalysis","volume":"38 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147563689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced Electrochemical Detection of Nitrite Using Prussian Blue-Coated Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles as Peroxidase Mimetics","authors":"Jie Chen,&nbsp;Jiajia Wang,&nbsp;Demeng Qian,&nbsp;Mengping Gao,&nbsp;Ayang Zhou,&nbsp;Baokang Jin","doi":"10.1002/elan.70120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.70120","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Herein, Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄ MNPs) were synthesized via a one-step counter-coprecipitation method, and Prussian blue (PB) nanoparticles were subsequently modified in situ on the surface of Fe₃O₄ MNPs. The obtained PB/Fe₃O₄ composite magnetic nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results demonstrated that PB/Fe₃O₄ exhibited excellent peroxidase-like catalytic activity and followed Michaelis–Menten kinetics in the presence of H₂O₂ and 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine. Taking advantage of the intrinsic peroxidase-like activity of PB, Fe₃O₄ MNPs, and their synergistic effects, a novel nitrite (NO₂⁻) signal-enhanced electrochemical sensing platform was developed by first modifying a magnetic glassy carbon electrode (MGCE) with PB and then drop-casting the PB/ Fe₃O₄ composite nanoparticles. The resulting PB/ Fe₃O₄/PB/MGCE sensor exhibited high sensitivity and selectivity toward NO₂⁻ detection. Under optimized conditions, the sensor achieved a detection limit of 0.03588 μM (S/N = 3). Furthermore, the proposed peroxidase-like signal-enhanced electrochemical sensor was successfully applied to detect NO₂⁻ in sausage, bacon, and pickled mustard tuber samples. Overall, this novel signal-enhanced electrochemical sensing strategy offers great potential for applications in food quality control and safety monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":162,"journal":{"name":"Electroanalysis","volume":"38 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147563722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aptamer-Based Electrochemical Point-of-Care Tests: Signal Design to Clinical Readiness","authors":"Xingxing Li,&nbsp;Li Fu,&nbsp;Fei Chen,&nbsp;Yanfei Lv,&nbsp;Shichao Zhao,&nbsp;Hassan Karimi-Maleh","doi":"10.1002/elan.70116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.70116","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Aptamer-based electrochemical biosensors have emerged as powerful platforms for point-of-care diagnostics by combining the molecular recognition precision of nucleic acid aptamers with the rapid and portable nature of electrochemical detection. This review critically examines how electrochemical signal-transduction strategies translate aptamer–target interactions into measurable outputs and assesses their readiness for clinical implementation. Diverse signal designs are analyzed with respect to sensitivity, reproducibility, and suitability for miniaturized, reagent-free testing. Representative applications in infectious-disease diagnosis, cancer biomarker detection, cardiac and metabolic monitoring, and therapeutic drug measurement demonstrate that aptamer sensors can match or surpass current laboratory assays in analytical performance. Nevertheless, challenges remain in achieving stability in biological matrices, mitigating surface fouling, and ensuring large-scale manufacturing and regulatory validation. Advances in chemical modifications, antifouling surface engineering, and flexible device architectures, including wearable and implantable formats, are progressively overcoming these barriers. The review also contrasts aptamers with antibodies to highlight niches where aptamer sensors provide unique advantages, such as continuous in vivo monitoring and rapid adaptation to emerging biomarkers. Overall, electrochemical aptamer sensors are approaching a transformative threshold from laboratory innovation to practical clinical diagnostics, marking a critical intersection between biotechnology and electronic sensing that may redefine the future of personalized and decentralized healthcare.</p>","PeriodicalId":162,"journal":{"name":"Electroanalysis","volume":"38 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147562567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Layer-By-Layer Assembly of Poly(Bismarck Brown Y) and Carbon Nanomaterial Films on a Pencil Graphite Electrode for Amperometric Detection of Nitrite","authors":"Gamze Sorkulu,&nbsp;Murat Alanyalıoğlu","doi":"10.1002/elan.70119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.70119","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Controlling nitrite levels used as a preservative in food technology is of great importance, and studies are being conducted on various systems for nitrite determination. Electrochemical sensors stand out because of their portability, affordability, and environmentally friendly applications. In this study, the optimization of key parameters for the electropolymerization of Bismarck Brown Y (BBY) was investigated in detail. Subsequently, a layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly strategy was employed to fabricate an electrocatalytic thin film composed of BBY and carbon nanomaterials on a pencil graphite electrode (PGE), which is an economical, electrically conductive, electrochemically active, and readily available substrate, for the amperometric determination of nitrite. Advanced characterization techniques were performed on the resulting thin films, and their applicability for nitrite analysis in both standard solutions and real samples was investigated. The results showed that the LbL formation using reduced graphene oxide (rGO) yields more effective results for nitrite analysis than multiwalled carbon nanotube incorporation. The produced rGO–poly(BBY)/PGE for amperometric sensing of nitrite revealed that the current density is linearly proportional to the nitrite concentration in the range from 8.45 to 4610 μM, with a sensitivity of 0.55 μA μM⁻¹ cm⁻². The detection limit of rGO–poly(BBY)/PGE was calculated as 2.56 μM. The amperometric quantification of nitrite in selected real samples using the standard addition approach yielded high recovery values.</p>","PeriodicalId":162,"journal":{"name":"Electroanalysis","volume":"38 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147562700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic Development and Validation of a Green Voltammetric Method Employing a Carbon-Black Paste Electrode for Doxazosin Determination","authors":"Renan Negreli Santos,&nbsp;Gustavo Fix,&nbsp;Elen Romão Sartori","doi":"10.1002/elan.70117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.70117","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Doxazosin mesylate (DOX) is an α₁-adrenergic receptor antagonist commonly used to treat hypertension or also to benign prostatic hyperplasia. Due to its narrow therapeutic window, precise quantification is essential for safety and effectiveness. This study details the development and validation of a novel voltammetric method using a carbon black paste electrode to determine DOX in pharmaceutical, biological, and environmental samples. DOX presented an irreversible oxidation peak (OP₁) at +1.00 V, a quasireversible reduction peak (RP₁) at +0.06 V followed by the quasireversible oxidation peak (OP₂) + 0.15 V (vs. Ag/AgCl 3.0 mol L⁻¹). The method presented displayed a linear range of 0.099–1.283 μmol L⁻¹, and an limit of detection (LOD) of 0.028 μmol L⁻¹ employing the square-wave voltammetry in phosphate buffer solution pH (3.0), showing that the developed method is more sensitive than the chromatographic and spectrophotometric methods described in the literature. The method showed adequate selectivity, precision, and accuracy for the determination of DOX in tablets, urine sample, and water samples. Furthermore, the Analytical GREEnness calculator was used, obtaining high greenness score for biological/environmental samples (0.68) and pharmaceutical samples (0.65), demonstrating that the developed method is an environmentally sustainable alternative, aligning with the principles of Green Analytical Chemistry, and holds promise for more ecologically friendly analytical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":162,"journal":{"name":"Electroanalysis","volume":"38 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147562702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Situ Growth of Prussian Blue Analog on Laser-Induced Lignin-Derived Porous Graphene Flexible Platform for Amino Acid Detection in Human Sweat","authors":"Liangzhang Tang,&nbsp;Zuhao Wang,&nbsp;Honghan Sun,&nbsp;Zhibo Cao,&nbsp;Can Jiang","doi":"10.1002/elan.70122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.70122","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Prussian blue (PB) and its analogs (PBA) are widely used for modifying flexible electrochemical sensors due to their excellent electrocatalytic activity and low cost. However, traditional electrodeposition methods often result in uneven films with poor crystallinity and weak adhesion, compromising sensor stability and reproducibility. Herein, we propose a lignosulfonate (LS)-assisted solution-phase in situ growth strategy to achieve uniform nucleation and high-loading growth of PBA nanocrystals on laser-induced graphene (LIG) under mild conditions (45°C, atmospheric pressure). Leveraging the three-dimensional porous structure and high surface area of LIG, combined with the dispersion and regulatory functions of LS, PBA crystals grow directly on the graphene framework, forming a tightly bound, highly crystalline active interface. Compared to electrodeposited PB, this approach enhances interfacial adhesion, prevents delamination, and simplifies the fabrication process, making it suitable for scalable, low-cost flexible devices. Integrated with molecular imprinting technology (MIP), the resulting RE-PBA@LIG@MIP electrode exhibits a peak current density of −5.29 mA cm⁻² (12% higher than PB) and retains 88.48% activity after 2000 cycles. The sensor achieves a detection limit of 0.28 μM for leucine, with excellent selectivity against histidine, isoleucine, lysine, and uric acid (signal fluctuations &lt;5% in the presence of 10 μM interferents; &lt;4% with uric acid). This work demonstrates the potential of the in situ growth strategy for high-performance wearable sensors in health monitoring. Specifically, this device targets a challenging niche application: the noninvasive monitoring of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) like leucine. This capability is critical for the early screening of metabolic disorders (e.g., Maple Syrup Urine Disease) and the real-time management of muscle recovery in sports nutrition, offering a distinct advantage over traditional rigid analytical tools.</p>","PeriodicalId":162,"journal":{"name":"Electroanalysis","volume":"38 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147562566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Layer-By-Layer Assembly of Poly(Bismarck Brown Y) and Carbon Nanomaterial Films on a Pencil Graphite Electrode for Amperometric Detection of Nitrite","authors":"Gamze Sorkulu,&nbsp;Murat Alanyalıoğlu","doi":"10.1002/elan.70119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.70119","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Controlling nitrite levels used as a preservative in food technology is of great importance, and studies are being conducted on various systems for nitrite determination. Electrochemical sensors stand out because of their portability, affordability, and environmentally friendly applications. In this study, the optimization of key parameters for the electropolymerization of Bismarck Brown Y (BBY) was investigated in detail. Subsequently, a layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly strategy was employed to fabricate an electrocatalytic thin film composed of BBY and carbon nanomaterials on a pencil graphite electrode (PGE), which is an economical, electrically conductive, electrochemically active, and readily available substrate, for the amperometric determination of nitrite. Advanced characterization techniques were performed on the resulting thin films, and their applicability for nitrite analysis in both standard solutions and real samples was investigated. The results showed that the LbL formation using reduced graphene oxide (rGO) yields more effective results for nitrite analysis than multiwalled carbon nanotube incorporation. The produced rGO–poly(BBY)/PGE for amperometric sensing of nitrite revealed that the current density is linearly proportional to the nitrite concentration in the range from 8.45 to 4610 μM, with a sensitivity of 0.55 μA μM⁻¹ cm⁻². The detection limit of rGO–poly(BBY)/PGE was calculated as 2.56 μM. The amperometric quantification of nitrite in selected real samples using the standard addition approach yielded high recovery values.</p>","PeriodicalId":162,"journal":{"name":"Electroanalysis","volume":"38 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147562568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic Development and Validation of a Green Voltammetric Method Employing a Carbon-Black Paste Electrode for Doxazosin Determination","authors":"Renan Negreli Santos,&nbsp;Gustavo Fix,&nbsp;Elen Romão Sartori","doi":"10.1002/elan.70117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.70117","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Doxazosin mesylate (DOX) is an α₁-adrenergic receptor antagonist commonly used to treat hypertension or also to benign prostatic hyperplasia. Due to its narrow therapeutic window, precise quantification is essential for safety and effectiveness. This study details the development and validation of a novel voltammetric method using a carbon black paste electrode to determine DOX in pharmaceutical, biological, and environmental samples. DOX presented an irreversible oxidation peak (OP₁) at +1.00 V, a quasireversible reduction peak (RP₁) at +0.06 V followed by the quasireversible oxidation peak (OP₂) + 0.15 V (vs. Ag/AgCl 3.0 mol L⁻¹). The method presented displayed a linear range of 0.099–1.283 μmol L⁻¹, and an limit of detection (LOD) of 0.028 μmol L⁻¹ employing the square-wave voltammetry in phosphate buffer solution pH (3.0), showing that the developed method is more sensitive than the chromatographic and spectrophotometric methods described in the literature. The method showed adequate selectivity, precision, and accuracy for the determination of DOX in tablets, urine sample, and water samples. Furthermore, the Analytical GREEnness calculator was used, obtaining high greenness score for biological/environmental samples (0.68) and pharmaceutical samples (0.65), demonstrating that the developed method is an environmentally sustainable alternative, aligning with the principles of Green Analytical Chemistry, and holds promise for more ecologically friendly analytical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":162,"journal":{"name":"Electroanalysis","volume":"38 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147562626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Situ Growth of Prussian Blue Analog on Laser-Induced Lignin-Derived Porous Graphene Flexible Platform for Amino Acid Detection in Human Sweat","authors":"Liangzhang Tang,&nbsp;Zuhao Wang,&nbsp;Honghan Sun,&nbsp;Zhibo Cao,&nbsp;Can Jiang","doi":"10.1002/elan.70122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.70122","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Prussian blue (PB) and its analogs (PBA) are widely used for modifying flexible electrochemical sensors due to their excellent electrocatalytic activity and low cost. However, traditional electrodeposition methods often result in uneven films with poor crystallinity and weak adhesion, compromising sensor stability and reproducibility. Herein, we propose a lignosulfonate (LS)-assisted solution-phase in situ growth strategy to achieve uniform nucleation and high-loading growth of PBA nanocrystals on laser-induced graphene (LIG) under mild conditions (45°C, atmospheric pressure). Leveraging the three-dimensional porous structure and high surface area of LIG, combined with the dispersion and regulatory functions of LS, PBA crystals grow directly on the graphene framework, forming a tightly bound, highly crystalline active interface. Compared to electrodeposited PB, this approach enhances interfacial adhesion, prevents delamination, and simplifies the fabrication process, making it suitable for scalable, low-cost flexible devices. Integrated with molecular imprinting technology (MIP), the resulting RE-PBA@LIG@MIP electrode exhibits a peak current density of −5.29 mA cm⁻² (12% higher than PB) and retains 88.48% activity after 2000 cycles. The sensor achieves a detection limit of 0.28 μM for leucine, with excellent selectivity against histidine, isoleucine, lysine, and uric acid (signal fluctuations &lt;5% in the presence of 10 μM interferents; &lt;4% with uric acid). This work demonstrates the potential of the in situ growth strategy for high-performance wearable sensors in health monitoring. Specifically, this device targets a challenging niche application: the noninvasive monitoring of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) like leucine. This capability is critical for the early screening of metabolic disorders (e.g., Maple Syrup Urine Disease) and the real-time management of muscle recovery in sports nutrition, offering a distinct advantage over traditional rigid analytical tools.</p>","PeriodicalId":162,"journal":{"name":"Electroanalysis","volume":"38 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147562701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}