Journal of invertebrate pathology最新文献

{"title":"Specificity database for bacterial pesticidal proteins against invertebrate targets","authors":"Colin Berry ,&nbsp;Victoria Valby ,&nbsp;Ruchir Mishra ,&nbsp;Bryony C. Bonning ,&nbsp;Leopoldo Palma ,&nbsp;Neil Crickmore","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108319","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108319","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bacteria produce a number of proteins with specific biocidal activity against invertebrate pests. These proteins have been employed successfully in biocontrol for decades, by use of microbial sprays and bioengineered crops. While traditionally associated with <em>Bacillus thuringiensis</em> (Bt) and other well-characterised bacteria, the protein repertoire has recently been expanded to include novel structural classes and sources. Here we present a database comprising, at the time of writing, 3963 entries drawn from 466 research articles and 174 patents, documenting activity against 253 invertebrate species across 25 taxonomic orders. This resource includes toxicity and non-toxicity data encompassing both single-component and multi-component protein activities, assay methods, and bibliographic references. The dataset reveals a trend in testing priorities, with a focus on pests of agricultural and medical importance from the orders Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, and Diptera. This focus, however, highlights important gaps for future research: while primarily tested against Lepidoptera, pesticidal proteins increasingly show activity against other orders, including Hemiptera. This database, integrated with recent nomenclature updates, provides a dynamic resource for researchers and regulators, facilitating advancements in understanding bacterial pesticidal proteins and their application for sustainable pest management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 108319"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143674177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Population ecology of entomopathogenic nematodes: Bridging past insights and future applications for sustainable agriculture","authors":"Rubén Blanco-Pérez ,&nbsp;Ernesto San-Blas ,&nbsp;Monique J. Rivera ,&nbsp;Raquel Campos-Herrera","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108313","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108313","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are soil-dwelling organisms essential for controlling pest populations across diverse crops and regions worldwide. Over the past century, significant advancements have been made in isolating, identifying, and quantifying EPNs, enhancing our understanding of their natural distribution and influencing factors. This review outlines major milestones in EPN population dynamics research and highlights emerging molecular and biophysical tools that offer new research directions. Here, we examine the factors shaping EPN occurrence in agroecosystems, including interactions between hosts, EPNs, and their resource competitors (viewing EPNs as scavengers) and the biotic and abiotic drivers affecting their spatial and temporal patterns. Additionally, the review explores EPN interactions with plant rhizospheres and the impact of agricultural practices on their efficacy as biological control agents. Understanding EPN population dynamics is crucial for optimizing their use as sustainable pest management tools. By combining traditional insights with innovative methods, we can expand EPN applications in agroecosystems, fostering more resilient and eco-friendly agricultural practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 108313"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Enhanced activation of innate immunity in Drosophila S2 cells by Micrococcus luteus VKM Ac-2230 is mediated by Relish","authors":"Zaur M. Kachaev ,&nbsp;Mona Ghassah ,&nbsp;Anton A. Musabirov ,&nbsp;Alexander V. Shaposhnikov ,&nbsp;Ilya Y. Toropygin ,&nbsp;Yulia A. Ulianova ,&nbsp;Nikita G. Stepanov ,&nbsp;Victor K. Chmykhalo ,&nbsp;Yulii V. Shidlovskii","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108315","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108315","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The canonical model of immune response activation in <em>Drosophila</em> suggests that the IMD pathway is activated by Gram-negative (Gram (−)) bacteria, while the Toll pathway is activated by both Gram-positive bacteria (Gram (+)) and fungi. However, the mechanisms by which these pathogens promote cross-activation of these pathways remain controversial. In addition, the mechanisms of cross-activation in S2 cell culture remain unstudied. In this study, we investigated the role of two Gram (+) bacteria (<em>Micrococcus luteus</em> and <em>Bacillus subtilis</em>) and fungal spores (<em>Metarhizium anisopliae</em>) in activating the IMD pathway in S2 cell cultures. Cells were treated with <em>Escherichia coli</em> as a control to ensure the specificity of IMD pathway activation. Our results demonstrated a significant involvement of <em>M. luteus</em> in the activation of the IMD pathway in S2 cell cultures. This is evidenced by the marked activation of IMD pathway-dependent genes, as well as the proteolytic cleavage of the Relish protein, which serves as a key transcription factor for this pathway. We also observed a strong recruitment of Relish to the promoters of antimicrobial peptide (AMP) genes, along with a partial recruitment to the genes encoding peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs). Furthermore, RNA interference targeting Relish resulted in a significant reduction in the transcription levels of all AMP genes and most PGRPs. Similarly, we analyzed the contributions of <em>B. subtilis</em> and <em>M. anisopliae</em> to the cross-activation of the IMD pathway. Our data indicate that both <em>B. subtilis</em> and <em>M. anisopliae</em> also activate the IMD pathway, albeit to a lesser extent compared to <em>M. luteus</em>. At the same time, fungal spores exhibited minimal influence on the activation of the IMD pathway when compared to Gram (+) bacteria. Thus, we have investigated in detail the mechanisms of cross-activation of the immune response in S2 cell culture, suggesting that Relish may play a critical role in inducing a humoral immune response in <em>Drosophila</em> S2 cells, primarily against <em>M. luteus</em> and to a lesser extent against <em>B. subtilis</em> and <em>M. anisopliae</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 108315"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143634201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Controlling Aedes mosquitoes using densovirus-based biolarvicides: Current status and prospects","authors":"Audric Berger,&nbsp;Fabrice Chandre,&nbsp;Sylvie Cornelie,&nbsp;Christophe Paupy","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108314","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108314","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Aedes albopictus</em> and <em>Aedes aegypti</em> are the main vectors of emerging arboviruses, such as dengue, chikungunya and Zika viruses. Entomopathogenic viruses, such as densoviruses, might represent more environmentally friendly control methods. Densoviruses are single-stranded DNA viruses belonging to the <em>Parvoviridae</em> family and three species are known to infect mosquitoes: <em>Protoambidensovirus dipteran</em>, <em>Brevihamaparvovirus dipteran 1,</em> and <em>Brevihamaparvovirus dipteran 2</em>. Densoviruses belonging to the <em>Brevihamaparvovirus dipteran 1</em> and <em>Brevihamaparvovirus dipteran 2</em> species could be candidates for innovative vector control strategies to limit mosquito-borne diseases. The objective of this review was to analyse the current state of knowledge on mosquito-infecting densoviruses (updated classification/taxonomy, host range, distribution, ecology, co-infection effects, unanswered questions) in view of their use as a biocontrol tool against <em>Aedes</em> mosquitoes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 108314"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143628042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibacterial spectrum of diaphorin, a polyketide produced by a bacterial symbiont of the Asian citrus psyllid","authors":"Takashi Izu ,&nbsp;Naohiro Uchida ,&nbsp;Rena Takasu ,&nbsp;Atsushi Nakabachi","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108309","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108309","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diaphorin is a polyketide synthesized by “<em>Candidatus</em> Profftella armatura” (Betaproteobacteria: Burkholderiales), an obligate symbiont of a devastating agricultural pest, the Asian citrus psyllid <em>Diaphorina citri</em> (Hemiptera: Psyllidae). Previous studies showed that physiological concentrations of diaphorin, which is present in <em>D. citri</em> at 2–20 mM, are inhibitory to various eukaryotes and <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> (Firmicutes: Bacilli) but promote the growth and metabolic activity of <em>Escherichia coli</em> (Gammaproteobacteria: Enterobacterales). However, bacteria examined for diaphorin activity were limited to these two model species, and little was known about the activity spectrum of diaphorin, which is essential for understanding its effects on the <em>D. citri</em> microbiota. As a first step to address this issue, this study investigated the effects of diaphorin on six bacterial species: <em>Arsenophonus nasoniae</em>, <em>Photorhabdus luminescens</em>, <em>Serratia entomophila</em>, <em>Serratia symbiotica</em> (all Gammaproteobacteria: Enterobacterales), and <em>Micrococcus luteus</em> and <em>Kocuria rhizophila</em> (both Actinobacteria: Micrococcales). The results revealed that five milimolar diaphorin promotes the growth of <em>M. luteus</em> but inhibits the growth of other bacterial species, showing that the spectrum of diaphorin is complex and not simply determined by the taxonomic group or the cell envelope composition of the target bacteria. To further assess whether differences in the susceptibility to diaphorin affect the suitability as a potential biopesticide, we analyzed the mortality of <em>D. citri</em> after treatment with these bacteria. This revealed that only <em>S. entomophila</em> significantly increases <em>D. citri</em> mortality, implying that when diaphorin is not inhibitory enough on bacteria, the innate bacterial growth speed and susceptibility to the <em>D. citri</em> immune system have a more significant impact on controlling <em>D. citri</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 108309"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143620865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The first 100 years in the history of entomopathogenic nematodes","authors":"S.Patricia Stock ,&nbsp;Raquel Campos-Herrera ,&nbsp;David Shapiro-Ilan","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108302","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108302","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The field of entomopathogenic nematology has grown exponentially since the discovery of the first species, <em>Steinernema kraussei</em> (=<em>Aplecatna kraussei</em>), in 1923. Initially, entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) were solely viewed as a curiosity. The discovery of the nematode-bacteria association in 1965 and the incipient research for mass production motivated their recognition as biological control agents for agricultural pests. Subsequent studies were focused on the discovery of new species and/or populations, the early studies to understand the biotic and abiotic factors that contribute to their performance in the field and success in insect pest management. However, as we entered the 21st century, and with the advent of molecular biology, research on these organisms took a fascinating turn, unraveling a deeper understanding of the complex symbiotic relationship EPN has with their bacterial symbionts and the insect host. Furthermore, because of their experimental tractability, EPNs have proven to be model organisms that are used among various biological sciences to gain further insights into host-symbiont, host-pathogen interactions, population dynamics, and as resources for pharmaceutical bioprospecting. This special issue commemorates the first 100 years of research in entomopathogenic nematology and summarizes the contributions of ten symposia and presentations at the 100th Anniversary of the First EPN Discovery Congress in Logroño, Spain (<span><span>https://www.icvv.es/english/epn</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>). This specific article focuses on the historical review of EPN, their bacterial partners and the numerous and diverse applications in disciplines in basic such as phylogeny, biogeography, symbiosis, and soil biology and ecology, or more applied venues such as formulation and mass production, application technology, commercialization and regulation, from 1923 to the present time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 108302"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143624917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the potential of Trichoderma secondary metabolites against Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae)","authors":"Gökçenur Evren ,&nbsp;Yunus Korkom ,&nbsp;Alireza Saboori ,&nbsp;Ibrahim Cakmak","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108299","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108299","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to determine 1) the effects of fungal filtrates containing secondary metabolites from five different isolates of four different <em>Trichoderma</em> species (<em>Trichoderma afroharzianum</em>, <em>T. guizhouense</em>, <em>T. harzianum</em>, and <em>T. virens</em>) grown in different liquid media [malt extract broth (MEB), potato dextrose broth (PDB), yeast peptone glucose (YPG), minimal medium (MM), czapek-dox broth (CDB)] on <em>Tetranychus urticae</em> female, and 2) the effects of <em>Trichoderma</em> filtrates obtained from YPG liquid media on the different biological stages of <em>T. urticae</em> in Petri dish and pot experiments. Results showed that the <em>Trichoderma</em> filtrates produced in the YPG medium exhibited the highest mortality rate of 67.6–83.1 % against <em>T. urticae</em> females at 7 days post-application (dpa) compared to other media. In Petri dish experiments, the mortality rates of <em>Trichoderma</em> filtrates on egg, larva, protonymph and deutonymph stages of <em>T. urticae</em> at 7 dpa were 54.0–57.8 %, 71.5–76.0 %, 72.5–79.8 % and 72.8–80.8 %, respectively. Significant differences were observed between the <em>Trichoderma</em> species and control (P &lt; 0.01) but not among the <em>Trichoderma</em> species (P &gt; 0.05). <em>Trichoderma afroharzianum</em> (83 %) and <em>T. virens</em> (84 %) showed the highest mortality rate on <em>T. urticae</em> adult females at 7 dpa and statistically significant differences were observed among <em>Trichoderma</em> species. Pot experiments revealed that the number of viable <em>T. urticae</em> eggs and mobile stages was significantly lower for <em>T. afroharzianum</em> (110.3 eggs, 105.8 mobile stages) and <em>T. virens</em> (118.5 eggs, 115.3 mobile stages) compared to the control (518.9 eggs, 452.5 mobile stages) at 7 dpa. Significant differences were observed between <em>Trichoderma</em> species and control, but not between <em>T. afroharzianum</em> and <em>T. virens.</em> These findings suggest that <em>Trichoderma</em> secondary metabolites are highly effective against economically important pest such as <em>T. urticae</em>, demonstrating their potential as bio-acaricides. Future research should focus on identifying the specific acaricidal compound(s) within these filtrates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 108299"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143597055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics of Israeli acute paralysis virus in the red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta Buren) colonies","authors":"Bita Valizadeh ,&nbsp;Julie Hardy ,&nbsp;Jian Chen ,&nbsp;Esmaeil Amiri","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108310","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108310","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The red imported fire ant, <em>Solenopsis invicta</em> Buren, is one of the most significant pest ants in the southern United States, frequently found in honey bee colonies and their surrounding areas. While fire ants scavenge on dead bees and may function as secondary hosts or reservoirs for several honey bee-associated viruses, evidence of viral dynamics and persistence in fire ant colonies has been inconclusive. In this study, we conducted a series of experiments to test the possibility of food-borne virus transmission i.e. horizontal transmission from virus-infected honey bee pupae to fire ants and persistence of the virus within the fire ants’ colonies. Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV) was used as an experimental pathogen due to its relevance to honey bee health and its limited prevalence. Our results showed that fire ants can acquire IAPV horizontally by consuming virus-infected honey bees. The virus may spread rapidly across all developmental stages (larvae, pupae, and workers) within the colony, likely facilitated by the social interactions. Additionally, fire ant queens can likely acquire the virus via trophallaxis and/or physical contact with workers. Our results further indicated that IAPV could be transmitted vertically, however confirmatory research is required. Monitoring the virus after 4 months of inoculation confirmed that a significant IAPV load persists in all developmental stages of colony members. These findings suggest that fire ants can act as virus reservoirs for a deadly honey bee-associated virus, posing a potential threat to the health and well-being of bee pollinators.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 108310"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143586036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Planktonic versus colony growth of Bacillus thuringiensis affects gene expression in vitro and infectivity against an insect host, Galleria mellonella","authors":"Tatiana I. Krytsyna ,&nbsp;Ekaterina V. Grizanova ,&nbsp;Elena A. Iakimchuk ,&nbsp;Daria S. Tereshchenko ,&nbsp;Christopher J. Coates ,&nbsp;Ivan M. Dubovskiy","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108301","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108301","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The entomopathogenic bacterium, <em>Bacillus thuringiensis</em>, can complete its life cycle in environments of varying densities like insects, cadavers and soil. The stationary growth phase of the bacterial lifecycle includes virulent, necrotrophic and sporulation stages, which are under the control of pleotropic regulators of quorum sensing. In addition to insecticidal Cry-toxins, <em>B. thuringiensis</em> can generate quorum-dependent virulence factors. Herein, we investigated the development of <em>B. thuringiensis</em> under conditions of planktonic and colony growth. Using an insect host, namely <em>Galleria mellonella</em> larvae, we observed distinct virulence profiles and differential expression of quorum regulatory genes between <em>B. thuringiensis</em> from liquid planktonic growth and those colonies on a solid surface/medium.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 108301"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143579157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of commercial freezing on transmission of Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei","authors":"Yvonne Gonzalez Cendales ,&nbsp;Paul J. Schofield ,&nbsp;Belinda Morahan ,&nbsp;Tahlia McQuinn ,&nbsp;Chris Starkey ,&nbsp;Kally Gross ,&nbsp;Arun K. Dhar","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108293","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108293","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei</em> (EHP) is an emerging pathogen threatening the prawn aquaculture industry globally, due to losses resulting from retarded growth. Since the first detection of EHP in Thailand, EHP has been reported from other countries in Asia and South America. However, the mechanism of EHP spread into new countries and/or areas has not been established. It is uncertain whether infectious EHP can be inadvertently introduced via frozen commodity prawns. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of storage of prawns at commercial freezing temperatures (at or below −18 °C) has on EHP infectivity. We assessed the ability of EHP to cause infection following oral challenge of <em>Penaeus vannamei</em> with EHP-infected hepatopancreas that had been frozen at −18 °C for 0 h, 24 h, 7 days, or 14 days. Our results showed that freezing at −18 °C for 7 days and 14 days further reduces EHP in prawn tissue (hepatopancreas) and inhibits transmission. These findings suggest that freezing prawns at −18 °C for at least 7 days might prevent spread of EHP into new countries via commodity prawns.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 108293"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143579154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}