Miguel A. Cortés González, Antonia A. Högnäsbacka, Christer Halldin, Magnus Schou
{"title":"Validation of a good manufacturing practice procedure for the production of [11C]AZD4747, a CNS penetrant KRASG12c inhibitor","authors":"Miguel A. Cortés González, Antonia A. Högnäsbacka, Christer Halldin, Magnus Schou","doi":"10.1002/jlcr.4079","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jlcr.4079","url":null,"abstract":"<p>AZD4747 is a KRAS<sup>G12C</sup> inhibitor recently shown to cross the non-human primate blood-brain barrier efficiently. In the current study, a GMP-compliant production of [<sup>11</sup>C]AZD4747 was developed to enable PET studies in human subjects. The validated procedure afforded [<sup>11</sup>C]AZD4747 as an injectable solution in good radioactivity yield (1656 ± 532 MBq), excellent radiochemical purity (100%), and a molar activity of 77 ± 13 GBq/μmol at the end of the synthesis, which took 46 ± 1 min from the end of the bombardment. Quality control on the final product was performed satisfactorily and met all acceptance criteria.</p>","PeriodicalId":16288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals","volume":"67 6","pages":"245-249"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jlcr.4079","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138825398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Coralie M. Bonnemaire, Albert D. Windhorst, Romano Orru, Eelco Ruijter, Danielle J. Vugts
{"title":"[11C]CO2 BOP fixation with amines to access 11C-labeled ureas for PET imaging","authors":"Coralie M. Bonnemaire, Albert D. Windhorst, Romano Orru, Eelco Ruijter, Danielle J. Vugts","doi":"10.1002/jlcr.4075","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jlcr.4075","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Carbon-11 (<sup>11</sup>C) is a widely used radionuclide for positron emission tomography (PET) owing to the omnipresence of carbon atoms in organic molecules. While its half-life of 20.4 min is ideal for imaging and dosimetry, it also limits the synthetic possibilities. As such, the development of fast and easy, high-yielding synthesis methods is crucial for the application of <sup>11</sup>C-labeled tracers in humans.</p><p>In this study, we present a novel and efficient method for the reaction of [<sup>11</sup>C]CO<sub>2</sub> with amine precursors using benzotriazole-1-yl-oxy-tris-(dimethylamino)-phosphonium hexafluorophosphate (BOP) to access <sup>11</sup>C-labeled ureas. Our method is extremely fast as it only requires transfer of [<sup>11</sup>C]CO<sub>2</sub> into a solution with precursor and BOP at room temperature, where it reacts momentary into the desired <sup>11</sup>C-labeled urea. This simple procedure makes it possible to radiolabel urea directly from [<sup>11</sup>C]CO<sub>2</sub> without the need for advanced equipment, making the method applicable for all laboratories where [<sup>11</sup>C]CO<sub>2</sub> is available. We synthesized a small series of aliphatic symmetrical and non-symmetrical <sup>11</sup>C-labeled ureas using this method, and achieved good to excellent yields.</p><p>The novelty of our study lies in the fact that peptide coupling reagent BOP is used for the first time in radiochemistry to activate [<sup>11</sup>C]CO<sub>2</sub>, facilitating its reaction with amines to obtain <sup>11</sup>C-labeled ureas.</p>","PeriodicalId":16288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals","volume":"67 6","pages":"201-210"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jlcr.4075","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138627896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"14C-radiolabeling of a new steroidal antiandrogen with a C-18 angular methyl extension","authors":"Jean-Yves Sancéau","doi":"10.1002/jlcr.4074","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jlcr.4074","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The synthesis of a <sup>14</sup>C-labeled C-18 functionalized steroid (as referred as EM-6798) that will serve as a probe for the research of novel antiandrogens has been accomplished. This radioactive steroid was obtained in nine steps by coupling racemic <i>N</i>-cyclohexyl-1-(3′-hydroxy[U-<sup>14</sup>C]phenyl)propylamine with protected 18-bromomethyl-3,17-androstenedione. Incorporation of the radiolabel on the C-18 side chain was achieved using commercially available 3-bromo[U-<sup>14</sup>C]phenol. Alkylation of <i>N</i>-cyclohexyl-1-(3′-hydroxy[U-<sup>14</sup>C]phenyl)propylamine with 3-ethylenedioxy-18-bromomethyl-3,17-androstenedione furnished after reduction and deprotection, [phenyl-U-<sup>14</sup>C]EM-6798 in a 20% overall yield from 3-bromo[U-<sup>14</sup>C]phenol at a specific activity of 156 μCi/mg with 97.9% radiochemical purity as determined by HPLC.</p>","PeriodicalId":16288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals","volume":"67 1","pages":"25-30"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138587656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anuradha Singh, David J. Smith, Gary D. Strahan, Steven J. Lehotay
{"title":"Synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of 13C4-labeled 4-cyano-2-oxobutyraldehyde semicarbazone: A metabolite of nitrofurazone","authors":"Anuradha Singh, David J. Smith, Gary D. Strahan, Steven J. Lehotay","doi":"10.1002/jlcr.4077","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jlcr.4077","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Nitrofurazone usage in food-producing animals is prohibited in most countries, including the United States. Regulatory agencies regularly monitor its use in domestic, export/import animals' food products by measuring the semicarbazide (SEM) metabolite as a biomarker of nitrofurazone exposure. However, the use of SEM is controversial because it is also produced in food naturally and thus gives false positive results. A cyano-metabolite, 4-cyano-2-oxobutyraldehyde semicarbazone (COBS), is proposed as an alternate specific marker of nitrofurazone to distinguish nitrofurazone from treated or untreated animals. A synthetic method was developed to produce COBS via metallic hydrogenation of nitrofurazone. The product was isolated and characterized by one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic spectroscopy (NMR) experiments, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and mass spectrometry. The developed synthetic procedure was further extended to synthesize isotopically labeled 4-[<sup>13</sup>C]-cyano-2-oxo- [2, 3, 4-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>3</sub>]-butyraldehyde semicarbazone. Labeled COBS is useful as an internal standard for its quantification in food-producing animals. Thus, the developed method provides a possibility for its commercial synthesis to procure COBS. This is the first synthesis of the alternate specific marker metabolite of nitrofurazone for possible usage in regulatory analysis to solve a real-world problem.</p>","PeriodicalId":16288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals","volume":"67 1","pages":"18-24"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138477840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Frederic Bourgeois, Ulrich Höller, Thomas Netscher
{"title":"Synthesis of trifold-labeled versatile reagent [3,5-13C2,4-15 N]4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione","authors":"Frederic Bourgeois, Ulrich Höller, Thomas Netscher","doi":"10.1002/jlcr.4067","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jlcr.4067","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Triazolinediones are an important class of derivatization agents that have found application in various research disciplines. Their unique reactivity often allows precise and selective tagging of relevant molecular scaffolds to facilitate structural elucidation, tracking in biological systems, and stabilization of labile compounds. Recent research efforts mainly focused on the development of novel fluorescent and ionizable or isotopically labeled tags improving the quantification and identification of the parent molecule by suitable analytical methods. However, these concepts often lack the ability to improve properties facilitating the analysis by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. We herein describe the first synthesis of <sup>13</sup>C and <sup>15</sup>N labeled [3,5-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>2</sub>,4-<sup>15</sup> N]4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione utilizing the Cookson/Zinner–Deucker synthesis of urazoles. The introduced isotopic labels are ideally suited to support the structural elucidation of unknown and complex derivatization mixtures by NMR, thereby exploiting the increased sensitivity of detecting long-range <i>J</i><sub>HC</sub> and additional <i>J</i><sub>CC</sub> and <i>J</i><sub>CN</sub> couplings within the derivatized compounds of interest.</p>","PeriodicalId":16288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals","volume":"66 14","pages":"461-466"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138176387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Novel synthesis of 11C-labeled imidazolines via Pd(0)-mediated 11C-carbomethoxylation using [11C]CO and arylborons","authors":"Hideki Ishii, Katsuyuki Minegishi, Kotaro Nagatsu, Nobuki Nengaki, Ming-Rong Zhang","doi":"10.1002/jlcr.4072","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jlcr.4072","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A labeling technique was developed for the imidazoline I<sub>2</sub> receptor ligand 2-(3-fluoro-tolyl)-4, 5-dihydro-1H-imidazole (FTIMD) using Pd(0)-mediated <sup>11</sup>C-carbomethoxylation with [<sup>11</sup>C]CO, followed by imidazoline ring formation with ethylenediamine-trimethylaluminium (EDA-AlMe<sub>3</sub>). To achieve this, [<sup>11</sup>C]CO was passed through a methanol (MeOH) solution containing 3-fluoro-4-methylphenylboronic acid (<b>1</b>), palladium (II) acetate (Pd [OAc]<sub>2</sub>), triphenylphosphine (PPh<sub>3</sub>), and <i>p</i>-benzoquinone (PBQ). The mixture was then heated at 65°C for 5 min. EDA was introduced into the reaction mixture, and MeOH was completely evaporated at temperatures exceeding 100°C. The dried reaction mixture was combined with an EDA-AlMe (1:1) toluene solution and heated at 145°C for 10 min. Portions of the reaction mixture were analyzed through high-performance liquid chromatography, resulting in [<sup>11</sup>C]FTIMD with 26% (<i>n</i> = 2) decay-corrected radiochemical yield (RCY). This method could be utilized for various arylborons to produce [2-<sup>11</sup>C]imidazolines <b>4a</b>–<b>h</b> with RCYs ranging from low to moderate. Notably, [2-<sup>11</sup>C]benazoline was obtained with a moderate RCY of 65%. The proposed technique serves as an alternative to the Grignard method, which uses [<sup>11</sup>C]CO to generate a [2-<sup>11</sup>C]-labeled imidazoline ring.</p>","PeriodicalId":16288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals","volume":"67 6","pages":"227-234"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92154763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Facile synthesis of 14C-nitrofurazone from 14C-urea","authors":"Anuradha Singh, David J. Smith","doi":"10.1002/jlcr.4068","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jlcr.4068","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The veterinary drug nitrofurazone (5-nitro-2-furaldehyde semicarbazone) exhibits excellent antimicrobial properties but its application in food-producing animals is prohibited. The illegal use of nitrofurazone is regularly monitored by food regulatory agencies. Currently, semicarbazide (SEM) is used as a marker of nitrofurazone exposure. However, the use of SEM as a marker of nitrofurazone is under scrutiny after evidence of a high incidence of false positive tests. To overcome the current dilemma, it is necessary to identify a nitrofurazone-specific marker analyte which requires conducting nitrofurazone metabolism studies in food-producing animals. The use of carbon-14 labeled nitrofurazone would facilitate metabolism studies and structural elucidation of nitrofurazone metabolites of possible utility as a marker compound. In the present work, a synthetic method is described to procure radiolabeled nitrofurazone that incorporates <sup>14</sup>C- carbon at the semicarbazide moiety. The method incorporates <sup>14</sup>C-carbon via employing readily available and more economically affordable [<sup>14</sup>C]-urea compared with [<sup>14</sup>C]-semicarbazide. To the best of our knowledge, there is no report on the synthesis of 5-nitro-2-furaldehyde [<sup>14</sup>C]-semicarbazone from <sup>14</sup>C-urea. The developed method involves monoamination of [<sup>14</sup>C]-urea followed by a condensation reaction with 5-nitro-2-furaldehyde to produce 5-nitro-2-furaldehyde [<sup>14</sup>C]-semicarbazone in 85% yield with greater than 98% radiochemical purity.</p>","PeriodicalId":16288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals","volume":"66 14","pages":"467-472"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71521761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maxime Munch, Braeden A. Mair, Myriam Adi, Benjamin H. Rotstein
{"title":"Photocatalyzed radiosynthesis of 11C-phenylacetic acids","authors":"Maxime Munch, Braeden A. Mair, Myriam Adi, Benjamin H. Rotstein","doi":"10.1002/jlcr.4073","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jlcr.4073","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fast and straightforward incorporation of radionuclides into pharmaceutically relevant molecules is one of the main barriers to preclinical and clinical tracer research. Late-stage direct incorporation of cyclotron-produced [<sup>11</sup>C]CO<sub>2</sub> to afford carbon-11-labeled radiopharmaceuticals has the potential to provide ready-to-inject positron emission tomography agents in less than an hour. The present work describes photocatalyzed carboxylation of alkylbenzene derivatives to afford <sup>11</sup>C-phenylacetic acids. Reaction conditions and scope are investigated followed by application of this methodology to the preparative radiosynthesis of [<sup>11</sup>C]fenoprofen, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.</p>","PeriodicalId":16288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals","volume":"67 6","pages":"211-216"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jlcr.4073","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71521762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Preparation and evaluation of radiolabeled acetaminosalol microspheres: A new potential selective radiotracer for ulcerative colitis early diagnosis","authors":"O. A. El-Kawy, H. A. Shweeta, M. R. Abdelgawad","doi":"10.1002/jlcr.4070","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jlcr.4070","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Acetaminosalol labeling reaction with technetium-99m was optimized, and the radiocomplex was obtained in a high radiochemical yield of 98.9 ± 0.6% and high stability (>30 h). The tracer was characterized, and its binding to the PPARγ receptor was assessed in silico. To reduce radiation exposure to non-target organs and increase accumulation in the colon, the tracer was formulated as pH-sensitive microspheres with a mean particle size of 201 ± 2.1 μm, a polydispersity index of 0.18, a 25.3 ± 3.6 zeta potential, and 98.6 ± 0.33% entrapment efficiency. The system suitability was assessed in vivo in normal and ulcerative rats, and the biodistribution profile in the colon showed 56.5 ± 1.4% localization within 4 h. Blocking study suggested the selectivity of the tracer to the target receptor. Overall, the reported data encouraged the potential use of the labeled microspheres to target ulcerative colitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":16288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals","volume":"67 1","pages":"4-17"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71482505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammed Bhuiyan, Jeffrey Souris, Anna Kucharski, Richard Freifelder, Jogeshwar Mukherjee, Chin-Tu Chen
{"title":"A simplified protocol for the automated production of 2-[18F]fluoro-3-[2-((S)-3-pyrrolinyl)methoxy]pyridine ([18F]nifene) on an IBA Synthera® module","authors":"Mohammed Bhuiyan, Jeffrey Souris, Anna Kucharski, Richard Freifelder, Jogeshwar Mukherjee, Chin-Tu Chen","doi":"10.1002/jlcr.4071","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jlcr.4071","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) ligand 2-[<sup>18</sup>F]fluoro-3-[2-((S)-3-pyrrolinyl)methoxy]pyridine ([<sup>18</sup>F]nifene) has been synthesized in 10% decay-corrected radiochemical yield using the IBA Synthera® platform (IBA Cyclotron Solutions, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium) with an integrated fluidic processor (IFP). Boc-nitronifene served as the precursor, and 20% trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) was used to deprotect the Boc-group after radiolabeling. By omitting the solvent extraction step after radiolabeling, the process was simplified to a single step with no manual intervention. [<sup>18</sup>F]Nifene was obtained in decay-corrected radiochemical yields of 10 ± 2% (<i>n</i> = 20) and radiochemical purity >99%. Typical specific radioactivities of 2700–4865 mCi/μmole (100–180 GBq/μmol) were measured at the end of synthesis; total synthesis times were about 1 h 40 min.</p>","PeriodicalId":16288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals","volume":"67 1","pages":"31-36"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jlcr.4071","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71482504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}