Stephen Maddocks, Nurul F. Samuri, Katerina Ridge, Ian D. Cunningham, William J. S. Lockley
{"title":"Benzylic deuteration of alkylnitroaromatics via amine-base catalysed exchange with deuterium oxide","authors":"Stephen Maddocks, Nurul F. Samuri, Katerina Ridge, Ian D. Cunningham, William J. S. Lockley","doi":"10.1002/jlcr.4008","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jlcr.4008","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper describes the deuterium-labelling of alkylnitroaromatics by base-catalysed exchange with deuterium oxide. As the alkyl protons alpha to the aromatic ring are the most acidic sites in the molecule, regioselective hydrogen isotope exchange at this benzylic location leads to a regiospecifically deuterated product. The exchange labelling takes place in good yields and with high atom% abundance in the presence of an appropriate nitrogen base. Alkylated 2,4-dinitrobenzenes deuterate at room temperature under catalysis by triethylamine, whilst alkylated 2-nitro- or 4-nitrobenzenes and related mono-nitroaromatics require higher temperatures and catalysis by 1,5-diazobicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene (DBN). The labelling reactions require an inert gas atmosphere, but otherwise are simple and high yielding with no obvious byproducts. Those compounds in which the benzylic protons are in an <i>ortho</i>-orientation with respect to the nitro group label somewhat more slowly than the analogues where there is a <i>para</i> relationship. In addition, higher alkyl homologues undergo benzylic deuteration at slower rates than methyl.</p>","PeriodicalId":16288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals","volume":"66 1","pages":"11-21"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jlcr.4008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9375791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Carbon-13 labeling of ibrutinib for human microdosing","authors":"Yong Gong, Rhys Salter","doi":"10.1002/jlcr.4007","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jlcr.4007","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ibrutinib is an oral medication for the treatment of B cell malignancies. During its clinical development, a stable isotopologue of ibrutinib was required for the assessment of the drug's absolute oral bioavailability via intravenous microdosing. The following work describes a 10-step, gram-scale production of carbon-13 labeled ibrutinib from [<sup>13</sup>C<sub>6</sub>]phenol (<sup>13</sup>C<sub>6</sub>, 99%) in 31% overall yield with >99% chemical purity and >99% enantiomeric excess (<i>ee</i>), suitable for intravenous microdosing in humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":16288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals","volume":"66 1","pages":"4-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10572000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lucy C Brown, Anne McGrogan, Yoan Delavoux, James M Hogg, John D Holbrey, H Q Nimal Gunaratne, Małgorzata Swadźba-Kwaśny, James P Tellam, Sarah E Youngs
{"title":"The synthesis of deuteriated tri-tert-butyl phosphine.","authors":"Lucy C Brown, Anne McGrogan, Yoan Delavoux, James M Hogg, John D Holbrey, H Q Nimal Gunaratne, Małgorzata Swadźba-Kwaśny, James P Tellam, Sarah E Youngs","doi":"10.1002/jlcr.4001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jlcr.4001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The synthesis of deuteriated tri-tert-butyl phosphine is reported. This synthesis is an adaptation of the known procedure for tri-tert-butyl phosphine via a Grignard intermediate.</p>","PeriodicalId":16288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals","volume":"65 13","pages":"338-342"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9826328/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10503801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Azzam A. M. AL-Hadedi, Stuart Sawyer, Stuart J. Elliott, Robert A. Green, Daniel J. O'Leary, Richard C. D. Brown, Lynda J. Brown
{"title":"A flow electrochemistry-enabled synthesis of 2-substituted N-(methyl-d)piperidines","authors":"Azzam A. M. AL-Hadedi, Stuart Sawyer, Stuart J. Elliott, Robert A. Green, Daniel J. O'Leary, Richard C. D. Brown, Lynda J. Brown","doi":"10.1002/jlcr.4006","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jlcr.4006","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A synthesis of <i>N</i>-monodeuteriomethyl-2-substituted piperidines is described. An efficient and readily scalable anodic methoxylation of <i>N</i>-formylpiperidine in an undivided microfluidic electrolysis cell delivers methoxylated piperidine <b>3</b>, which is a precursor to a <i>N</i>-formyliminium ion and enables C-nucleophiles to be introduced at the 2-position. The isotopically labelled <i>N</i>-deuteriomethyl group is installed using the Eschweiler–Clarke reaction with formic acid-<i>d</i><sub>2</sub> and unlabelled formaldehyde. Monodeuterated <i>N</i>-methyl groups in these molecular systems possess small isotropic proton chemical shift differences important in the investigation of molecules that are able to support long-lived nuclear spin states in solution nuclear magnetic resonance.</p>","PeriodicalId":16288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals","volume":"65 14","pages":"361-368"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10098938/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9298006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yan Zhang, Guangwen Li, Yuli Sun, Haiyan Hong, Linlin Li, Yang Luo, Ran Wang, Lin Zhu, Hank F. Kung, Jinxia Zhu
{"title":"In vivo and in vitro binding of [125I]I-R-(+)-TISCH: A dopamine D1 receptor ligand for studying pancreatic β-cell mass","authors":"Yan Zhang, Guangwen Li, Yuli Sun, Haiyan Hong, Linlin Li, Yang Luo, Ran Wang, Lin Zhu, Hank F. Kung, Jinxia Zhu","doi":"10.1002/jlcr.4005","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jlcr.4005","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Diabetes mellitus (DM) and insulinoma are mainly affected by the status of pancreatic β-cell mass (BCM). Development of imaging agents for BCM allows to study pancreatic β cells and the relationship between β cells and DM or insulinoma. In this study, we investigated the density of dopamine D<sub>1</sub> receptor on the β cells and measured BCM by statistical image processing. The pancreatic uptakes of [<sup>125</sup>I]I-R-(+)-7-chloro-8-hydroxy-1-(3′-iodopheny1)-3-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine ([<sup>125</sup>I]I-R-(+)-TISCH), dopamine D<sub>1</sub> receptor tracer, in normal and diabetic rats displayed significant differences at 30 min (1.11 ± 0.08% ID/g vs. 0.63 ± 0.09% ID/g, <i>p</i> < 0.0001). In the presence of SCH23390, the pancreatic uptake of [<sup>125</sup>I]I-R-(+)-TISCH at 30 min in normal rats was lower (1.01 ± 0.04% ID/g, <i>p</i> < 0.05). Although the blocking was not complete, [<sup>125</sup>I]I-R-(+)-TISCH showed specific binding signals to the pancreas. Furthermore, the uptakes of [<sup>125</sup>I]I-R-(+)-TISCH in INS-1 cells were reduced in the presence of SCH23390 at different concentrations. [<sup>125</sup>I]I-R-(+)-TISCH displayed a respectable uptake in insulinoma. Overall, [<sup>125</sup>I]I-R-(+)-TISCH provided specific binding signals to pancreatic β cells. Although the specific signal may not be sufficient for imaging in vivo, the dopamine D<sub>1</sub> receptor can still be considered as a potential target for studying BCM. Further investigation will be required to optimize the ligand.</p>","PeriodicalId":16288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals","volume":"65 14","pages":"354-360"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10442209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kenneth Dahl, Stefan Larsson, Peter Bonn, Anita Wallin, Oleksiy Itsenko, Michael Schöll
{"title":"Good manufacturing procedure production of [18F]SynVesT-1, a radioligand for in vivo positron emission tomography imaging of synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A","authors":"Kenneth Dahl, Stefan Larsson, Peter Bonn, Anita Wallin, Oleksiy Itsenko, Michael Schöll","doi":"10.1002/jlcr.4002","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jlcr.4002","url":null,"abstract":"<p>[<sup>18</sup>F]SynVesT-1 (also known as [<sup>18</sup>F]SDM-8 or [<sup>18</sup>F]MNI-1126) is a potent and selective synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2 (SV2A) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agent. In order to fulfill the increasing clinical demand of an <sup>18</sup>F-labeled SV2A PET ligand, we have developed a fully automated procedure to provide a sterile and pyrogen-free good manufacturing procedure (GMP)-compliant product of [<sup>18</sup>F]SynVesT-1 suitable for clinical studies in humans. [<sup>18</sup>F]SynVesT-1 is synthesized via a rapid copper-mediated radiofluorination protocol. The procedure was developed and established on a commercially available module, TracerMaker (ScanSys Laboratorieteknik ApS, Copenhagen, Denmark), a synthesis platform originally developed to conduct carbon-11 radiochemistry. From ~130 GBq (end-of-bombardment), our newly developed procedure enabled us to prepare [<sup>18</sup>F]SynVesT-1 in an isolated radioactivity yield of 14,220 ± 800 MBq (<i>n</i> = 3), which corresponds to a radiochemical yield (RCY) of 19.5 ± 0.5%. The radiochemical purity (RCP) and enantiomeric purity of each of the final formulated batches exceeded 98%. The overall synthesis time was 90 min and the molar activity was 330 ± 60 GBq/μmol (8.9 ± 1.6 Ci/μmol). The produced [<sup>18</sup>F]SynVesT-1 was stable over 8 h at room temperature and is suitable for in vivo PET imaging studies in human subjects.</p>","PeriodicalId":16288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals","volume":"65 12","pages":"315-322"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40334401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An improved radiosynthesis of [18F]FAraG, a PET radiotracer for imaging T-cell activation","authors":"Daniel P. Holt, Robert F. Dannals","doi":"10.1002/jlcr.3999","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jlcr.3999","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this concise practitioner protocol, the radiochemical synthesis of 2′-deoxy-2′-[<sup>18</sup>F]fluoro-9-β-<span>d</span>-arabinofuranosylguanine ([<sup>18</sup>F]FAraG) suitable for human positron emission tomography (PET) studies is described and the results from validation productions are presented. The high specific activity (sometimes referred to as molar activity) radiotracer product is prepared as a sterile, apyrogenic solution that conforms to current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) requirements established by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.</p>","PeriodicalId":16288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals","volume":"65 12","pages":"302-308"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9826029/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10497408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Low-scale syringe-made synthesis of 15N-labeled oligonucleotides","authors":"Břetislav Brož, František Tureček, Aleš Marek","doi":"10.1002/jlcr.4000","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jlcr.4000","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fast and reasonable low-scale (200 nmol) syringe-made synthesis of <sup>15</sup>N-labeled oligonucleotides representing DNA trinucleotide codons is communicated. All codons were prepared by solid-phase controlled pore glass synthesis column technique via the phosphoramidite method. Twenty-four labeled oligonucleotides covering the DNA genetic code alphabet were prepared using commercially available reagents and affordable equipment in a reasonably short period of time, with acceptable yields and purity for direct applications in mass spectrometry.</p>","PeriodicalId":16288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals","volume":"65 12","pages":"309-314"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40439502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christopher Davis, Chun Li, Ruirui Nie, Norman Guzzardi, Barbara Dworakowska, Pragalath Sadasivam, John Maher, Eric O Aboagye, Zhi Lu, Ran Yan
{"title":"Highly effective liquid and solid phase extraction methods to concentrate radioiodine isotopes for radioiodination chemistry.","authors":"Christopher Davis, Chun Li, Ruirui Nie, Norman Guzzardi, Barbara Dworakowska, Pragalath Sadasivam, John Maher, Eric O Aboagye, Zhi Lu, Ran Yan","doi":"10.1002/jlcr.3994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jlcr.3994","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Radioactive iodine isotopes play a pivotal role in radiopharmaceuticals. Large-scale production of multi-patient dose of radioiodinated nuclear medicines requires high concentration of radioiodine. We demonstrate that tetrabutylammonium chloride and methyltrioctylamonium chloride are effective phase transfer reagents to concentrate iodide-124, iodide-125 and iodide-131 from the corresponding commercial water solutions. The resulting concentrated radioiodide, in the presence of either phase transfer reagent, does not hamper the chemical reactivity of aqueous radioiodide in the copper (II)-mediated one-pot three-component click chemistry to produce radioiodinated iodotriazoles.</p>","PeriodicalId":16288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals","volume":"65 10-11","pages":"280-287"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9773003/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10445252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antonia A Högnäsbacka, Miguel A Cortés González, Christer Halldin, Magnus Schou
{"title":"Simplified and accessible [<sup>18</sup> F]F-AraG synthesis procedure for preclinical PET.","authors":"Antonia A Högnäsbacka, Miguel A Cortés González, Christer Halldin, Magnus Schou","doi":"10.1002/jlcr.3997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jlcr.3997","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The PET tracer [<sup>18</sup> F]F-AraG, an arabinosyl guanine analog, has shown promise for visualizing activated T cells in multiple diseases. Herein, a practitioner's protocol is described, in which the PET tracer is prepared using minimal equipment and manual actions, making it widely accessible for preclinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":16288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals","volume":"65 10-11","pages":"288-291"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ab/06/JLCR-65-288.PMC9804570.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10473005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}