Maxime Munch, Braeden A. Mair, Myriam Adi, Benjamin H. Rotstein
{"title":"Photocatalyzed radiosynthesis of 11C-phenylacetic acids","authors":"Maxime Munch, Braeden A. Mair, Myriam Adi, Benjamin H. Rotstein","doi":"10.1002/jlcr.4073","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jlcr.4073","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fast and straightforward incorporation of radionuclides into pharmaceutically relevant molecules is one of the main barriers to preclinical and clinical tracer research. Late-stage direct incorporation of cyclotron-produced [<sup>11</sup>C]CO<sub>2</sub> to afford carbon-11-labeled radiopharmaceuticals has the potential to provide ready-to-inject positron emission tomography agents in less than an hour. The present work describes photocatalyzed carboxylation of alkylbenzene derivatives to afford <sup>11</sup>C-phenylacetic acids. Reaction conditions and scope are investigated followed by application of this methodology to the preparative radiosynthesis of [<sup>11</sup>C]fenoprofen, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.</p>","PeriodicalId":16288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals","volume":"67 6","pages":"211-216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jlcr.4073","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71521762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Preparation and evaluation of radiolabeled acetaminosalol microspheres: A new potential selective radiotracer for ulcerative colitis early diagnosis","authors":"O. A. El-Kawy, H. A. Shweeta, M. R. Abdelgawad","doi":"10.1002/jlcr.4070","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jlcr.4070","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Acetaminosalol labeling reaction with technetium-99m was optimized, and the radiocomplex was obtained in a high radiochemical yield of 98.9 ± 0.6% and high stability (>30 h). The tracer was characterized, and its binding to the PPARγ receptor was assessed in silico. To reduce radiation exposure to non-target organs and increase accumulation in the colon, the tracer was formulated as pH-sensitive microspheres with a mean particle size of 201 ± 2.1 μm, a polydispersity index of 0.18, a 25.3 ± 3.6 zeta potential, and 98.6 ± 0.33% entrapment efficiency. The system suitability was assessed in vivo in normal and ulcerative rats, and the biodistribution profile in the colon showed 56.5 ± 1.4% localization within 4 h. Blocking study suggested the selectivity of the tracer to the target receptor. Overall, the reported data encouraged the potential use of the labeled microspheres to target ulcerative colitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":16288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals","volume":"67 1","pages":"4-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71482505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammed Bhuiyan, Jeffrey Souris, Anna Kucharski, Richard Freifelder, Jogeshwar Mukherjee, Chin-Tu Chen
{"title":"A simplified protocol for the automated production of 2-[18F]fluoro-3-[2-((S)-3-pyrrolinyl)methoxy]pyridine ([18F]nifene) on an IBA Synthera® module","authors":"Mohammed Bhuiyan, Jeffrey Souris, Anna Kucharski, Richard Freifelder, Jogeshwar Mukherjee, Chin-Tu Chen","doi":"10.1002/jlcr.4071","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jlcr.4071","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) ligand 2-[<sup>18</sup>F]fluoro-3-[2-((S)-3-pyrrolinyl)methoxy]pyridine ([<sup>18</sup>F]nifene) has been synthesized in 10% decay-corrected radiochemical yield using the IBA Synthera® platform (IBA Cyclotron Solutions, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium) with an integrated fluidic processor (IFP). Boc-nitronifene served as the precursor, and 20% trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) was used to deprotect the Boc-group after radiolabeling. By omitting the solvent extraction step after radiolabeling, the process was simplified to a single step with no manual intervention. [<sup>18</sup>F]Nifene was obtained in decay-corrected radiochemical yields of 10 ± 2% (<i>n</i> = 20) and radiochemical purity >99%. Typical specific radioactivities of 2700–4865 mCi/μmole (100–180 GBq/μmol) were measured at the end of synthesis; total synthesis times were about 1 h 40 min.</p>","PeriodicalId":16288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals","volume":"67 1","pages":"31-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jlcr.4071","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71482504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Site-specifically radiolabeled nanobodies for imaging blood-brain barrier penetration and targeting in the brain","authors":"Yingbo Li, Junfeng Wang","doi":"10.1002/jlcr.4069","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jlcr.4069","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Nanobodies (Nbs) hold significant potential in molecular imaging due to their unique characteristics. However, there are challenges to overcome when it comes to brain imaging. To address these obstacles, collaborative efforts and interdisciplinary research are needed. This article aims to raise awareness and encourage collaboration among researchers from various fields to find solutions for effective brain imaging using Nbs. By fostering cooperation and knowledge sharing, we can make progress in overcoming the existing limitations and pave the way for improved molecular imaging techniques in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":16288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals","volume":"66 14","pages":"444-451"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49690924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vegard Torp Lien, Emily Hauge, Syed Nuruddin, Jo Klaveness, Dag Erlend Olberg
{"title":"Synthesis and preclinical evaluation of a selective MET kinase positron emission tomography tracer","authors":"Vegard Torp Lien, Emily Hauge, Syed Nuruddin, Jo Klaveness, Dag Erlend Olberg","doi":"10.1002/jlcr.4066","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jlcr.4066","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The tyrosine kinase MET (hepatocyte growth factor receptor) is activated or mutated in a wide range of cancers and is often correlated with a poor prognosis. Precision medicine with positron emission tomography (PET) can potentially aid in the assessment of tumor biochemistry and heterogeneity, which can prompt the selection of the most effective therapeutic regimes. The selective MET inhibitor PF04217903 (<b>1</b>) formed the basis for a bioisosteric replacement, leading to the deoxyfluorinated analog [<sup>18</sup>F]<b>2</b>. [<sup>18</sup>F]<b>2</b> could be synthesized with a “hydrous fluoroethylation” protocol in 6.3 ± 2.6% radiochemical yield and a molar activity of >50 GBq/μmol. In vitro autoradiography indicated that [<sup>18</sup>F]<b>2</b> selectively binds to MET in PC3 tumor tissue, and in vivo biodistribution in mice showed predominantly a hepatobiliary excretion along with a low retention of radiotracer in other organs.</p>","PeriodicalId":16288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals","volume":"66 14","pages":"452-460"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jlcr.4066","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49690936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nicolas Kratena, Markus Draskovits, Nina Biedermann, Eva Oburger, Christian Stanetty
{"title":"Total synthesis of [13C2]-labeled phytosiderophores of the mugineic and avenic acid families","authors":"Nicolas Kratena, Markus Draskovits, Nina Biedermann, Eva Oburger, Christian Stanetty","doi":"10.1002/jlcr.4064","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jlcr.4064","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We, herein, report the synthesis of <sup>13</sup>C<sub>2</sub>-labeled natural products from the mugineic acid and avenic acid family. These phytosiderophores (“plant iron carriers”) are built up from non-proteinogenic amino acids and play a key role in micronutrient uptake in gramineous plants. In this work, two central building blocks are prepared from labeled starting materials (<sup>13</sup>C<sub>2</sub>-bromoacetic acid, <sup>13</sup>C<sub>2</sub>-glycine) and further employed in our recently reported divergent, branched synthetic strategy delivering eight isotopically labeled phytosiderophores. The required labeled building blocks (<sup>13</sup>C<sub>2</sub>-<span>l</span>-allylglycine and a related hydroxylated derivative) were prepared via enantioselective phase-transfer catalysis and enantio- and diastereoselective aldol condensation with a chiral auxiliary, respectively, both potentially valuable themselves for other synthetic routes toward labeled (natural) products.</p>","PeriodicalId":16288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals","volume":"66 13","pages":"428-434"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jlcr.4064","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41135766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A practical protocol for large-scale copper-mediated radioiodination of organoboronic precursors: Radiosynthesis of [123I]KX-1 for Auger radiotherapy","authors":"Dong Zhou, Wenhua Chu, Jinbin Xu","doi":"10.1002/jlcr.4065","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jlcr.4065","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Nucleophilic copper-mediated radioiodination (CMRI) of organoboronic precursors with radioiodides is a promising method of radioiodination. The previously reported CMRI has demonstrated its great potential and scope of labeling for the radiosynthesis of radioiodine-labeled compounds. However, the reported protocols (using a small amount/volume of radioactivity) are practically not reproducible in large-scale CMRI, in which the radioactivity was usually provided in a bulk alkaline solution. A large amount of water and a strong base are incompatible with CMRI. To overcome these issues in large-scale CMRI, we have developed a simple protocol for large-scale CMRI. The bulk water was removed under a flow of inert gas at 110°C, and the strong base (i.e., NaOH) was neutralized with an acid, pyridinium <i>p</i>-toluenesulfonate or <i>p</i>-toluenesulfonic acid. In the model reactions of [<sup>123</sup>I]KX-1, a PARP-1 radioligand for Auger radiotherapy, radiochemical conversions were significantly improved after neutralization of the base, and the addition of additional acids was tolerated and favorable for the reactions. Using this protocol, [<sup>123</sup>I]KX-1 was radiosynthesized from 20 mCi (0.74 GBq) of [<sup>123</sup>I]iodide in high radiochemical yields, high radiochemical purity, and high molar activity. This protocol should be applicable to the radiosynthesis of other compounds with radioiodine via CMRI.</p>","PeriodicalId":16288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals","volume":"66 13","pages":"435-439"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41148134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bachir Latli, Matt J. Hrapchak, Maxim Chevliakov, Lalith P. Samankumara, Rogelio P. Frutos, Heewon Lee
{"title":"Stable isotope synthesis of glycine transporter 1 inhibitor Iclepertin (BI 425809) and its major metabolites","authors":"Bachir Latli, Matt J. Hrapchak, Maxim Chevliakov, Lalith P. Samankumara, Rogelio P. Frutos, Heewon Lee","doi":"10.1002/jlcr.4063","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jlcr.4063","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Stable isotope labeled <b>Iclepertin (BI 425809, 1)</b> and its major metabolites are needed as internal standards in bioanalytical studies. <b>BI 425809</b> consists of two main building blocks, 5-methylsulfonyl-2-[(1<i>R</i>)-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methyl-ethoxy]benzoic acid (<b>2</b>) and 3-[(1<i>R</i>,5<i>R</i>)-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-5-yl]-5-(trifluoromethyl)isoxazole (<b>3</b>) linked to each other via an amide bond. We used fluoro[<sup>13</sup>C<sub>6</sub>]benzene as the starting material in the preparation of <b>[</b><sup><b>13</b></sup><b>C</b><sub><b>6</b></sub><b>]-2</b>. This intermediate was then employed to access carbon 13 labeled <b>Iclepertin</b> (<b>[</b><sup><b>13</b></sup><b>C</b><sub><b>6</b></sub><b>]-1</b>) and other metabolites. The major metabolite <b>BI 761036</b> (<b>6</b>), which resulted from cytochrome P450 oxidation and amide hydrolysis of <b>BI 425809</b>, was prepared labeled with carbon 13 and nitrogen 15 via two synthetic routes. In the first route, diethyl [<sup>13</sup>C<sub>3</sub>]malonate, [<sup>13</sup>C]methyl iodide, and hydroxyl[<sup>15</sup>N]amine were used to provide <b>[</b><sup><b>13</b></sup><b>C</b><sub><b>4</b></sub>,<sup><b>15</b></sup><b>N]-BI 761036 ([</b><sup><b>13</b></sup><b>C</b><sub><b>4</b></sub>,<sup><b>15</b></sup><b>N]-6a)</b> in 13 steps in 6% overall yield, whereas in the second route, [<sup>13</sup>C<sub>3</sub>]propargyl alcohol, potassium [<sup>13</sup>C]cyanide, and [<sup>15</sup>N]ammonia were used to furnish <b>[</b><sup><b>13</b></sup><b>C</b><sub><b>4</b></sub>,<sup><b>15</b></sup><b>N]-BI 761036 ([</b><sup><b>13</b></sup><b>C</b><sub><b>4</b></sub>,<sup><b>15</b></sup><b>N]-6b)</b> in 11 steps in 1% overall yield. The detailed stable isotope synthesis of <b>1</b> and its major metabolites is described.</p>","PeriodicalId":16288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals","volume":"66 13","pages":"414-427"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41131156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amanda J. Boyle, Anton Lindberg, Junchao Tong, Dongxu Zhai, Fang Liu, Neil Vasdev
{"title":"Preliminary PET imaging of [11C]evobrutinib in mouse models of colorectal cancer, SARS-CoV-2, and lung damage: Radiosynthesis via base-aided palladium-NiXantphos-mediated 11C-carbonylation","authors":"Amanda J. Boyle, Anton Lindberg, Junchao Tong, Dongxu Zhai, Fang Liu, Neil Vasdev","doi":"10.1002/jlcr.4062","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jlcr.4062","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Evobrutinib is a second-generation, highly selective, irreversible Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor that has shown efficacy in the autoimmune diseases arthritis and multiple sclerosis. Its development as a positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer has potential for in vivo imaging of BTK in various disease models including several cancers, severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung damage. Herein, we report the automated radiosynthesis of [<sup>11</sup>C]evobrutinib using a base-aided palladium-NiXantphos-mediated <sup>11</sup>C-carbonylation reaction. [<sup>11</sup>C]Evobrutinib was reliably formulated in radiochemical yields of 5.5 ± 1.5% and a molar activity of 34.5 ± 17.3 GBq/μmol (<i>n =</i> 12) with 99% radiochemical purity. Ex vivo autoradiography studies showed high specific binding of [<sup>11</sup>C]evobrutinib in HT-29 colorectal cancer mouse xenograft tissues (51.1 ± 7.1%). However, in vivo PET/computed tomography (CT) imaging with [<sup>11</sup>C]evobrutinib showed minimal visualization of HT-29 colorectal cancer xenografts and only a slight increase in radioactivity accumulation in the associated time-activity curves. In preliminary PET/CT studies, [<sup>11</sup>C]evobrutinib failed to visualize either SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus infection or LPS-induced injury in mouse models. In conclusion, [<sup>11</sup>C]evobrutinib was successfully synthesized by <sup>11</sup>C-carbonylation and based on our preliminary studies does not appear to be a promising BTK-targeted PET radiotracer in the rodent disease models studied herein.</p>","PeriodicalId":16288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals","volume":"67 6","pages":"235-244"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jlcr.4062","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10168412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Julien Costes, Kilian Casasagrande, Constance Dubegny, Juan Castillo, Jens Kaufman, Julien Masset, Charles Vriamont, Corentin Warnier, Alain Faivre-Chauvet, Judith Anna Delage
{"title":"[68Ga]Ga-PentixaFor: Development of a fully automated in hospital production on the Trasis miniAllinOne synthesizer","authors":"Julien Costes, Kilian Casasagrande, Constance Dubegny, Juan Castillo, Jens Kaufman, Julien Masset, Charles Vriamont, Corentin Warnier, Alain Faivre-Chauvet, Judith Anna Delage","doi":"10.1002/jlcr.4061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jlcr.4061","url":null,"abstract":"<p>[<sup>68</sup>Ga]Ga-PentixaFor is a frequently used radiotracer to image the CXCR4/CXCL12 axis in various malignancies, infections, and cardiovascular diseases. To answer increasing clinical needs, an automatized synthesis process ensuring efficient and reproducible production and improving operator's radioprotection is needed. [<sup>68</sup>Ga]Ga-PentixaFor synthesis has been described on other synthesizers but not on the miniAiO. In this work, we defined automated synthesis process and an analytical method for the quality control of [<sup>68</sup>Ga]Ga-PentixaFor. Validation batches were performed under aseptic conditions in a class A hotcell. All the quality controls required by the European Pharmacopea (Eur. Ph) were performed. The analytical methods were validated according to the International Conference Harmonization (ICH) recommendations. Validation batches were performed with a radiochemical yield of 94.8 ± 2.6%. All the quality controls were in conformity with the Eur. Ph, and the validation of the analytical method complied with the ICH. The environmental monitoring performed during the synthesis process showed that the aseptic conditions were ensured. [<sup>68</sup>Ga]Ga-PentixaFor was successfully synthesized with the miniAiO by a fully automated process. This robust production mode and the quality control have been validated in this study allowing to increase the access of patients to this new promising radiopharmaceutical.</p>","PeriodicalId":16288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals","volume":"66 12","pages":"400-410"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jlcr.4061","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50124585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}