{"title":"Synthesis of One Carbon-14 Labelled [14C-pyrazolo]-Ibrutinib","authors":"Pei Su, Bin Dong, Lei Xu, Zheng-Min Yang","doi":"10.1002/jlcr.4164","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jlcr.4164","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A safe and economical synthetic method for one new carbon-14 labelled 1-[(3<i>R</i>)-3-[4-amino-3-(4-phenoxyphenyl)-[<sup>14</sup>C-<i>pyrazolo</i>]-1Hpyrazolo[3,4-<i>d</i>]pyrimidin-1-yl]-1-piperidinyl]-2-propen-1-one, [<sup>14</sup>C-<i>pyrazolo</i>]-Ibrutinib (<b>2</b>) was prepared with [<sup>14</sup>C]-barium carbonate as starting material, achieving a total yield of 19% with radiochemical and chemical purities exceeding 98%. The synthesis pathway was compared with existing methods, particularly those described in Janssen's patent applications, which offer higher yields but with more complex synthetic processes and lower purity. Despite the existing literature reporting the synthesis of <sup>13</sup>C-labelled Ibrutinib, the <sup>14</sup>C labelled method described here provides a viable alternative, particularly in some application fields necessitating the radioactive isotopic tracer technique. This work underscores the ongoing need for improved synthetic routes that offer higher yields, milder reaction conditions, and lower costs in light of the growing interest in Ibrutinib due to its clinical efficacy and commercial potential.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals","volume":"68 11-12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145075115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recent Advances in 11C-Labeling With [11C]CO2 for PET Imaging","authors":"Tianshuai Zhu, Jing-Jing Zhang, Lijun Tang, Zhen Chen","doi":"10.1002/jlcr.4162","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jlcr.4162","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Carbon-11 (<sup>11</sup>C)-labeled radiotracers are invaluable tools in positron emission tomography (PET), enabling real-time visualization of biochemical processes with high sensitivity and specificity. Among the various <sup>11</sup>C synthons, cyclotron-produced [<sup>11</sup>C]CO<sub>2</sub> is a fundamental precursor, though its direct incorporation into complex molecules has traditionally been limited by its low reactivity, gaseous form, and short half-life. Recent advances in [<sup>11</sup>C]CO<sub>2</sub> fixation chemistry through both nonphotocatalytic and photocatalytic methods have significantly expanded its utility in the synthesis of structurally diverse compounds, including carboxylic acids, carbonates, carbamates, amides, and ureas. This review summarizes key developments in [<sup>11</sup>C]CO<sub>2</sub> radiolabeling strategies, with critical evaluation of substrate scope, radiochemical yield, molar activity, and clinical translation potential. These advances collectively expand the synthetic versatility of [<sup>11</sup>C]CO<sub>2</sub> and pave the way for the development of structurally diverse and clinically translatable PET imaging agents.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals","volume":"68 11-12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145012226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qian Chen, Teli Liu, Xiaoyi Guo, Qian Zhang, Siqi Hao, Yang Jiang, Xianteng Yang, Nan Li, Hua Zhu, Zhi Yang
{"title":"Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1α Specific Probe for Tumor Hypoxia Positron Emission Tomography Imaging","authors":"Qian Chen, Teli Liu, Xiaoyi Guo, Qian Zhang, Siqi Hao, Yang Jiang, Xianteng Yang, Nan Li, Hua Zhu, Zhi Yang","doi":"10.1002/jlcr.4163","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jlcr.4163","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A peptide-based, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 α (HIF-1α) specific PET tracer for tumor hypoxia imaging is reported. It was prepared with a rapid Al<sup>18</sup>F labeling method with high stability. Al<sup>18</sup>F-CLLFVY specifically binds to HIF-1α with high affinity and shows higher uptake in cells under hypoxia. Al<sup>18</sup>F-CLLFVY demonstrated comparable tumor uptake to <sup>18</sup>F-FMISO and better contrast.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals","volume":"68 11-12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144999104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Automated Radiosynthesis of [18F]FMeNER-D2 Using the Simplified One-Pot 18F-Fluoromethylation Method","authors":"Kazunori Kawamura, Wakana Mori, Yusuke Kurihara, Masanao Ogawa, Hiroki Hashimoto, Takayuki Ohkubo, Kaito Tsukagoe, Tomoya Fujishiro, Daisuke Arashi, Tatsuto Sato, Takeru Seki, Masatoshi Muto, Nobuki Nengaki, Masayuki Fujinaga, Ming-Rong Zhang","doi":"10.1002/jlcr.4161","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jlcr.4161","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>(<i>S</i>,<i>S</i>)-2-(α-(2-[<sup>18</sup>F]Fluoro[dideutero]methoxyphenoxy)benzyl)morpholine ([<sup>18</sup>F]FMeNER-D<sub>2</sub>), which is used to image the norepinephrine transporter in the brain via positron emission tomography (PET), is typically radiosynthesized by <i>O</i>-fluoromethylating norethylreboxetine (NER) with [<sup>18</sup>F]bromofluoromethane-<i>d</i><sub>2</sub> using a fully automated <sup>18</sup>F-labeling synthesizer with a two-pot unit. We simplified the automated radiosynthesis of [<sup>18</sup>F]FMeNER-D<sub>2</sub> through the use of a straightforward one-pot method to prepare [<sup>18</sup>F]fluoromethyl-<i>d</i><sub>2</sub>-tosylate as the fluoromethylating agent (avoiding the need to azeotropically dry [<sup>18</sup>F]F<sup>−</sup> in advance), which was then reacted with NER. The reaction conditions were optimized, with [<sup>18</sup>F]FMeNER-D<sub>2</sub> synthesized using an <sup>18</sup>F-labeling synthesizer equipped with a one-pot unit. As a result, a synthesis time, radiochemical yield based on total [<sup>18</sup>F]F<sup>−</sup>, molar activity, and radiochemical purity of 66 ± 4.7 min (<i>n</i> = 7), 9.0% ± 0.8% (<i>n</i> = 3), 130–275 GBq/μmol (<i>n</i> = 7), and > 97% (<i>n</i> = 7), respectively, were obtained at the end of synthesis. In conclusion, we successfully synthesized [<sup>18</sup>F]FMeNER-D<sub>2</sub> using a simplified one-pot, fully automated, <sup>18</sup>F-fluoromethylation method in an <sup>18</sup>F-labeling synthesizer.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals","volume":"68 9-10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144843741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Influence of Activated Carbon on Fate of 14C-Sulfamethoxazole and 14C-Acetaminophen in Soil","authors":"Kai Chen, Changfeng Yin, Juying Li","doi":"10.1002/jlcr.4152","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jlcr.4152","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the present study, the influence of activated carbon (AC) on mineralization, degradation, extractable residues, and bound residue formation of <sup>14</sup>C-sulfamethoxazole and <sup>14</sup>C-acetaminophen was investigated. The results showed that AC facilitated the dissipation of <sup>14</sup>C-sulfamethoxazole and <sup>14</sup>C-acetaminophen and their formation of bound residue and exerted a significant inhibitory effect on their mineralization. The addition of 0.05%–2% AC showed an extraordinarily strong adsorption capacity of acetaminophen with <i>K</i><sub>d</sub> values of 47.2–409.8 times higher than that in the nonamended soil, as compared with 21.0–2273.4 times for sulfamethoxazole. An inverse relationship was found between sorption strength and mineralization or degradation kinetics. The effect of AC was likely due to its higher organic carbon (OC) content and the enhancement of surface areas and pore volumes where additional sites might be provided for binding or conjugation interactions with sulfamethoxazole or acetaminophen or their transformation products. Results from the present study clearly highlighted the significance of AC for influencing the fate of sulfamethoxazole and acetaminophen and stressed that sorption was potentially a critical factor in controlling the fate processes in soil.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals","volume":"68 9-10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144832821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synthesis of [3H]muscimol","authors":"Michal Kriegelstein, Aleš Marek","doi":"10.1002/jlcr.4159","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jlcr.4159","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Muscimol, a potent GABA<sub>A</sub> receptor agonist and psychoactive alkaloid found in <i>Amanita</i> mushrooms, is widely used as a tool compound in neurochemical research. Despite its importance, synthetic access to [<sup>3</sup>H]muscimol of high specific activity has remained limited due to the challenges associated with conventional labeling strategies. Herein, we report a novel synthetic approach for the preparation of [<sup>3</sup>H]muscimol based on the reduction of a suitably protected amide precursor using in situ generated tritioborane (BT<sub>3</sub>·THF). The precursor was synthesized in four steps from dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate, and subsequent electrophilic reduction afforded [<sup>3</sup>H]benzyl-protected muscimol in a radiochemical yield of 44 mCi (1.63 GBq) and a molar activity of 48.3 Ci/mmol (1.79 TBq/mmol). Final deprotection with HBr in acetic acid yielded [<sup>3</sup>H]muscimol·HBr in > 95% radiochemical purity. The method avoids the use of bulk tritiated water employed in established synthetic protocols and enables safe, reliable, and efficient access to this valuable radioligand for applications in GABA receptor studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":16288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals","volume":"68 9-10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jlcr.4159","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144815059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Setareh Derakhshan, Mehdi Shafiee Ardestani, Tahereh Zadeh Mehrizi, Ahmad Bitarafan-Rajabi, Safura Jokar, Morteza Pirali Hamedani, Mehdi Mirzaei
{"title":"99mTc-SNW-1 Nanoparticle Labeling and Its Biodistribution/Pathological Evaluations","authors":"Setareh Derakhshan, Mehdi Shafiee Ardestani, Tahereh Zadeh Mehrizi, Ahmad Bitarafan-Rajabi, Safura Jokar, Morteza Pirali Hamedani, Mehdi Mirzaei","doi":"10.1002/jlcr.4160","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jlcr.4160","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to evaluate the targeted diagnostic imaging and therapeutic applications of SNW-1 nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were synthesized using microwave technique and characterized in terms of size, zeta potential, morphology, and chemical structure. The results demonstrated that the quasispherical and planar nanoparticles with the size of 370.4 nm and zeta potential of 0.4 mV were synthesized. Then, the nanoparticles were labeled with technetium-99m, and their in vivo biodistribution was assessed. Based on the results, the highest accumulation of the nanoparticles was observed in the bladder, liver, kidney, and heart tissues of the rabbits, respectively, while in the rat, the highest accumulation was observed in the liver, bladder, and heart tissues, respectively. In the rabbits, on average, the accumulation of the nanoparticles in the bladder was 7.4-, 8.7-, and 44.1-fold higher than that of the liver, kidney, and heart, respectively, while in the rat, the accumulation of the nanoparticles in the liver was 8.4- and 20.3-fold higher compared to that of the bladder and heart, respectively. The high bladder accumulation of the SNW-1 nanoparticles can be indicated by their high clearance, making them especially appropriate for kidney imaging and therapeutic applications.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals","volume":"68 9-10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144794638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Entela Sinani, Stefano Garau, Francesca Rizzo, Giovanni Meazza
{"title":"C14-Labelled Synthesis of Benalaxyl-M and Its Two Soil Metabolites","authors":"Entela Sinani, Stefano Garau, Francesca Rizzo, Giovanni Meazza","doi":"10.1002/jlcr.4157","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jlcr.4157","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The radiosynthesis of the systemic fungicide for oomycete disease control Benalaxyl-M and its two most relevant soil metabolites was developed from the versatile common [phenyl-U-<sup>14</sup>C]<i>N</i>-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-D-alanine methyl ester intermediate <b>4</b> by reaction with Meldrum's acid and subsequent hydrolysis of the ester group. The triflate of the methyl ester of (<i>S</i>)-lactic acid <b>6</b> employed in the synthesis of [phenyl-U-14C]<i>N</i>-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-D-alanine methyl ester allows us an optimal use of the labelled [phenyl-U-14C]2,6-dimethylaniline. The greater reactivity of the triflate of the methyl ester of (<i>S</i>)-lactic acid compared to the analogous <i>p</i>-toluenesulfonate or methanesulfonate allows the reaction to occur at room temperature with higher enantiomeric purity and better yield.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals","volume":"68 9-10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144767898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rodney Brown, Niall M. Hamilton, Connor Mallon, James Stevenson, Michael T. Faley, Robert B. Kargbo, Alexander M. Sherwood, Balasubramaniam Upeandran
{"title":"Synthesis of Psilocin, Psilocybin and 5-MeO-DMT Succinate, All Labelled With Carbon-14 at the Indole 2-Position","authors":"Rodney Brown, Niall M. Hamilton, Connor Mallon, James Stevenson, Michael T. Faley, Robert B. Kargbo, Alexander M. Sherwood, Balasubramaniam Upeandran","doi":"10.1002/jlcr.4155","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jlcr.4155","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Three novel <sup>14</sup>C-labelled isotopologues of the psychoactive agents psilocin, psilocybin and 5-methoxy-<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) were synthesised, all labelled at the 2-position of the indole. The syntheses involved incorporating the 3-dimethylaminoethyl substituent common to all three substances onto a 4- or 5-substituted indole intermediate via successive treatments with oxalyl chloride, dimethylamine and reduction with lithium aluminium hydride.</p>\u0000 <p>Psilocybin-<i>2</i>-<sup>14</sup><i>C</i> with a specific activity of 234 μCi/mg exhibited limited stability, but a 5.5-fold radio dilution with unlabelled psilocybin afforded material that maintained a radiochemical purity exceeding 97.5% after 1-month storage at ≤ −70°C. The stability of 5-MeO-DMT-<i>2</i>-<sup>14</sup><i>C</i> succinate salt with a specific activity of 173 μCi/mg was assessed over a more extended storage period, and after 6 months at ≤ −70°C the radiochemical purity was 98.0%, supporting its use in long-term studies.</p>\u0000 <p>The radiolabelled psilocybin-<i>2</i>-<sup>14</sup><i>C</i> and 5-MeO-DMT-<i>2</i>-<sup>14</sup><i>C</i> succinate represent new tools for in vivo pharmacokinetic and metabolic studies with psychedelic tryptamines. These novel derivatives may offer enhanced metabolic stability and facilitate more precise ADME and mass balance studies. Future research will explore their behaviour in biological systems to support necessary studies toward regulatory approval of both psilocybin and 5-MeO-DMT for treating mental health disorders such as depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals","volume":"68 9-10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144751561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ivan E. Wang, Jason A. Witek, Ryan J. Pakula, Bradford D. Henderson, Marianna Dakanali, Xia Shao, Peter J. H. Scott
{"title":"Fully Automated Radiosynthesis of No-Carrier-Added [11C]Butanol Using the GE FASTLab 2 Module","authors":"Ivan E. Wang, Jason A. Witek, Ryan J. Pakula, Bradford D. Henderson, Marianna Dakanali, Xia Shao, Peter J. H. Scott","doi":"10.1002/jlcr.4158","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jlcr.4158","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Radiolabeled alcohols have been investigated for their use in the measurement of cerebral blood flow for years. In particular, [<sup>11</sup>C]butanol has been employed as a freely diffusible tracer with appreciable tissue retention and good solubility in both lipid and aqueous compartments. It is an appropriate radiotracer for the assessment of blood supply and for the comparative evaluation of substrate utilization with blood flow. Herein, we describe a no-carrier-added [<sup>11</sup>C]butanol radiosynthesis using the GE FASTLab 2 to leverage the benefits of a cassette-based workflow, and we compare it to our legacy radiosynthesis using GE TracerLab FX modules. Using the FASTLab 2, [<sup>11</sup>C]butanol was synthesized in 21 min with a radiochemical yield of 4%–8% (<i>n</i> = 3) and a radiochemical purity of > 90%. Synthesis on the FASTLab was fast, reliable, and comparable to syntheses using TracerLab FX modules.</p>","PeriodicalId":16288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals","volume":"68 9-10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jlcr.4158","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144751632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}