Respirology (Carlton, Vic.)最新文献

{"title":"Rheumatoid factor and anti-citrullinated antibodies in non-connective tissue interstitial lung disease: The chicken or the egg?","authors":"Yuben Moodley","doi":"10.1111/resp.14343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/resp.14343","url":null,"abstract":"See related article","PeriodicalId":162871,"journal":{"name":"Respirology (Carlton, Vic.)","volume":" ","pages":"801-803"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40709078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recommendations from The Medical Education Editor.","authors":"Mark Lavercombe","doi":"10.1111/resp.14367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/resp.14367","url":null,"abstract":"idiopathic interstitial pneu-monia or connective tissue disease-related ILD. Median survival was just over 7 years. Accuracy, sensitivity, specific-ity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for diagnosing IPF by the algorithm were all above 80%. Kaplan – Meier curves for survival were similar between algorithm and MDD diagnosis groups. In the group of patients diagnosed as IPF by MDD, the patients the algorithm also diagnosed as IPF had significantly worse survival than those it designated non-IPF. The results from Furukawa et al. demonstrate how machine learning algorithms might augment human diagnosis in the future. Of course, their algorithm needs testing in other cohorts to confirm these findings, and other groups are working on similar models. 7 declared.","PeriodicalId":162871,"journal":{"name":"Respirology (Carlton, Vic.)","volume":" ","pages":"796-798"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40353737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vaccination in patients with COPD: COVID has raised the bar.","authors":"Grant Waterer","doi":"10.1111/resp.14331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/resp.14331","url":null,"abstract":"See related article","PeriodicalId":162871,"journal":{"name":"Respirology (Carlton, Vic.)","volume":" ","pages":"799-800"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9350271/pdf/RESP-9999-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40606320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovations in thoracic imaging: CT, radiomics, AI and x-ray velocimetry.","authors":"Rozemarijn Vliegenthart,&nbsp;Andreas Fouras,&nbsp;Colin Jacobs,&nbsp;Nickolas Papanikolaou","doi":"10.1111/resp.14344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/resp.14344","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, pulmonary imaging has seen enormous progress, with the introduction, validation and implementation of new hardware and software. There is a general trend from mere visual evaluation of radiological images to quantification of abnormalities and biomarkers, and assessment of 'non visual' markers that contribute to establishing diagnosis or prognosis. Important catalysts to these developments in thoracic imaging include new indications (like computed tomography [CT] lung cancer screening) and the COVID-19 pandemic. This review focuses on developments in CT, radiomics, artificial intelligence (AI) and x-ray velocimetry for imaging of the lungs. Recent developments in CT include the potential for ultra-low-dose CT imaging for lung nodules, and the advent of a new generation of CT systems based on photon-counting detector technology. Radiomics has demonstrated potential towards predictive and prognostic tasks particularly in lung cancer, previously not achievable by visual inspection by radiologists, exploiting high dimensional patterns (mostly texture related) on medical imaging data. Deep learning technology has revolutionized the field of AI and as a result, performance of AI algorithms is approaching human performance for an increasing number of specific tasks. X-ray velocimetry integrates x-ray (fluoroscopic) imaging with unique image processing to produce quantitative four dimensional measurement of lung tissue motion, and accurate calculations of lung ventilation.</p>","PeriodicalId":162871,"journal":{"name":"Respirology (Carlton, Vic.)","volume":" ","pages":"818-833"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9546393/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40696404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Another line of defence.","authors":"Daniel P Steinfort,&nbsp;Douglas F Johnson","doi":"10.1111/resp.14348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/resp.14348","url":null,"abstract":"See related article","PeriodicalId":162871,"journal":{"name":"Respirology (Carlton, Vic.)","volume":" ","pages":"804-805"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40700514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards truly 'idiopathic' pulmonary fibrosis.","authors":"John A Mackintosh,&nbsp;Daniel C Chambers","doi":"10.1111/resp.14320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/resp.14320","url":null,"abstract":"faced by other family members, mostly their children. This response emphasizes the great responsibility placed upon the ILD community to prepare for the next generation of ILD patients. Data suggest that in many cases these will be the siblings and children of our current patients. 10,11 Despite this, less than half of the pulmonologists reported that their patient ’ s children should be informed of their potential risk. Most responding pulmonologists appear to have direct access to genetic testing, with a third advising that lack of access and cost were barriers. The finding that most pulmonologists provide genetic information and felt able to answer all their patient ’ s questions, but at the same time demand more information and education, suggests that there is also a knowledge/experience gap. acknowledge the limitations of their study, which was in In that the of in are the uptake of genetic a clear from and patients is and will be highly The risk of genetic an who is to have is the of is It is pulmonologists, whose has traditionally not the where has may feel uncomfortable or will probably remain in","PeriodicalId":162871,"journal":{"name":"Respirology (Carlton, Vic.)","volume":" ","pages":"682-683"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40408051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of single-dose and double-dose ivermectin early treatment in preventing progression to hospitalization in mild COVID-19: A multi-arm, parallel-group randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.","authors":"Alireza Mirahmadizadeh,&nbsp;Ali Semati,&nbsp;Alireza Heiran,&nbsp;Mostafa Ebrahimi,&nbsp;Abdolrasool Hemmati,&nbsp;Mohammadreza Karimi,&nbsp;Souzan Basir,&nbsp;Marjan Zare,&nbsp;Antonio Charlys da Costa,&nbsp;Mohammad Zeinali,&nbsp;Maryam Sargolzaee,&nbsp;Owrang Eilami","doi":"10.1111/resp.14318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/resp.14318","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>Ivermectin is a known anti-parasitic agent that has been investigated as an antiviral agent against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ivermectin in mild COVID-19 patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this multi-arm randomized clinical trial conducted between 9 April 2021 and 20 May 2021, a total of 393 patients with reverse transcription-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 infection and mild symptoms were enrolled. Subjects were randomized in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive single-dose ivermectin (12 mg), double-dose ivermectin (24 mg) or placebo. The primary outcome was need for hospitalization.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was no significant difference in the proportion of subjects who required hospitalization between the placebo and single-dose ivermectin groups (absolute difference in the proportions: -2.3 [95% CI = -8.5, 4.1]) and between the placebo and double-dose ivermectin groups (absolute difference in the proportions: -3.9 [95% CI = -9.8, 2.2]). The odds of differences in mean change in severity score between single-dose ivermectin and placebo groups (OR_difference  = 1.005 [95% CI: 0.972, 1.040]; p = 0.762) and double-dose ivermectin and placebo groups (OR_difference  = 1.010 [95% CI: 0.974, 1.046]; p = 0.598) were not statistically significant. None of the six adverse events (including mild dermatitis, tachycardia and hypertension) were serious and required extra action.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Single-dose and double-dose ivermectin early treatment were not superior to the placebo in preventing progression to hospitalization and improving clinical course in mild COVID-19.</p>","PeriodicalId":162871,"journal":{"name":"Respirology (Carlton, Vic.)","volume":" ","pages":"758-766"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9350312/pdf/RESP-9999-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40332077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel insights into the biological pathways involved in severe asthma.","authors":"Javier Perez-Garcia,&nbsp;Maria Pino-Yanes","doi":"10.1111/resp.14319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/resp.14319","url":null,"abstract":"future studies. First, this study mainly focused on European-descent asthma patients, with an underrepresentation of other populations with a high asthma burden. Second, many of the signals identified may reflect corticosteroids ’ effect on gene expression instead of the disease severity. However, we acknowledge that this limitation is inherent to this pheno-type because severe asthma patients are treated by definition with high doses of corticosteroids. Future studies may con-sider focusing on single-cell sequencing to disentangle the role of specific cell types in the pathology of the disease. Moreover, RNA-seq approaches yield higher coverage of gene expression patterns than microarrays and allow the analysis of different isoforms, improving the discovery of novel potential pathways and biomarkers of severe asthma. 10 Additionally, considering that this study did not find differ-ences in the transcriptomic patterns between severe and mild-to-moderate asthma, multi-omics and system biology approaches might identify the mechanisms leading to severe asthma. Finally, future studies should examine the transcriptomic changes of severe asthma patients in paediatric populations. In summary, S (cid:1) anchez-Ovando et al. performed a transcriptomic study of severe asthma in two independent populations providing new insights into the potential role of SUMOylation, NRF2-mediated oxidative stress response and IL18R1 in the pathophysiology of severe asthma. These pathways could serve as potential therapeutic targets in the precision medicine of asthma.","PeriodicalId":162871,"journal":{"name":"Respirology (Carlton, Vic.)","volume":" ","pages":"680-681"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40407960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Direct oral anticoagulants for treatment of thromboembolic disease: Have we reached a plateau?","authors":"Eileen Merriman","doi":"10.1111/resp.14324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/resp.14324","url":null,"abstract":"patients with single- and double-positive APLS, or APLS patients who have previously presented with VTE without arterial events, who could benefit from DOACs. 10 Finally, the risk of bleeding on anticoagulation cannot be completely obviated, with a risk of major bleeding of approximately 1% – 3% on DOACs overall. There remains a group of high-risk patients, especially in the elderly NVAF cohort, where DOACs are withheld due to bleeding con-cerns. Accordingly, research into factor XIa inhibitors has been a focus of interest for the past decade, since it is well established that congenital FXI deficiency is rarely associated with spontaneous bleeding but affords protection from ischaemic stroke and VTE. 11 A recent phase 2 clinical trial showed equivalent efficacy of an oral FXIa inhibitor to LMWH in the setting of VTE prevention post orthopaedic surgery, with a low risk of bleeding, and further studies are needed to determine whether FXIa inhibitors can dissociate thrombosis from haemostasis. 11 FXII inhibitors are also cur-rently under development, although their use is likely to be restricted to inhibiting contact activation in those being trea-ted with extracorporeal circuits rather than for VTE and NVAF. 12 Are we there yet? Almost, but not quite. Because until we have answered this question for every patient group — why use VKAs or LMWH when a DOAC will do — then there is work yet to do.","PeriodicalId":162871,"journal":{"name":"Respirology (Carlton, Vic.)","volume":" ","pages":"686-687"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40585293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter from Australia.","authors":"John Wilson","doi":"10.1111/resp.14327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/resp.14327","url":null,"abstract":"and leadership gen-eration) to get out of the woods. 1","PeriodicalId":162871,"journal":{"name":"Respirology (Carlton, Vic.)","volume":" ","pages":"786-787"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/6e/d3/RESP-27-786.PMC9544443.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40587565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}