Respirology (Carlton, Vic.)最新文献

{"title":"Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand Position Statement: Respiratory nursing.","authors":"Sheree M S Smith,&nbsp;Jane Cotter,&nbsp;Betty Poot,&nbsp;Nikola Ncube","doi":"10.1111/resp.14322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/resp.14322","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand's (TSANZ) Position Statement recognizes the pivotal role respiratory nurses play in the lung health of Australians and New Zealanders. The national and international lung health strategies are evidence based to ensure optimal professional clinical support for patients. Respiratory nurses are essential to the success of these strategies as a professional workforce, irrespective of healthcare setting, as they are at the forefront of the delivery of world-class evidence-based respiratory care. Respiratory nursing, as an entity, does not have the status as a nursing specialist area despite its range of professional practice across the life span and diverse settings, including disease prevention, public health, occupational health, symptom management, health education, surgery, rehabilitation, non-invasive ventilation, support for a life-limiting illness and adjustments to living with a chronic disease. Recognition of the specialized nature of work and specialist nursing practice status has been conferred by nurse registration boards upon cancer, emergency, cardiac, critical care, midwifery, mental health and palliative care nurses. It is time to confer this speciality practice recognition upon respiratory nurses of Australia and New Zealand. Through this position statement, the TSANZ advocates for respiratory nursing as a speciality area of professional nursing practice, thus supporting registered nurses in respiratory practice as well as the development of future generations of respiratory nurses. Furthermore, this statement validates the strong partnerships between all professions within the society for the advancement of lung health.</p>","PeriodicalId":162871,"journal":{"name":"Respirology (Carlton, Vic.)","volume":" ","pages":"600-604"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/43/16/RESP-27-600.PMC9545175.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40408542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new clinical prediction rule for pulmonary embolism: What's new?","authors":"Sanjeev Daya Chunilal,&nbsp;Ashwini Bennett","doi":"10.1111/resp.14314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/resp.14314","url":null,"abstract":"See related article","PeriodicalId":162871,"journal":{"name":"Respirology (Carlton, Vic.)","volume":" ","pages":"571-572"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40240071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter from Thailand.","authors":"Arth Nana,&nbsp;Nitipatana Chierakul","doi":"10.1111/resp.14317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/resp.14317","url":null,"abstract":"The Thoracic Society of Thailand under Royal Patronage held their annual scientific conference from 17 to 19 February 2022 in the city of Pattaya, Thailand. The theme was ‘The New Horizon in Pulmonary Medicine’. It was a hybrid meeting with over 300 onsite participants and another 500 online participants. There was also the Annual General Meeting and election of the new Executive Committee. Associate Professor Jamsak Tscheikuna from the Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, was elected to be the new President. He and his team will run the society for the next 2 years and reassured members that he will follow the policies of the outgoing President (Associate Professor Nitipatana Chierakul), especially advocacy policies on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), PM 2.5 (particulate matter with diameter of 2.5 micrometres or less) and tuberculosis (TB), with the government and related agencies. Thailand has a high burden of TB. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Tuberculosis Report 2021, the TB incidence in Thailand is 1.3 times the global rate. Reported diagnosis stands at only 59% of the expected total number of cases. This partly reflects a delay in or lack of access to treatment that leads to spread in the community. As a result, projections of TB cases reduce slowly. In 2015, WHO released a global list of high-burden countries for TB, which include (1) high TB burden countries, (2) high TB–HIV burden countries and (3) high multidrug-resistant and rifampicin-resistant TB (MDR/RRTB) burden countries. In 2015, Thailand was placed in all three of the global lists. In 2021, WHO released a new set of global lists of high-burden countries for TB. Thailand has transitioned out of the list of countries with high MDR/RRTB for the first time. There are many other successful stories. TB incidence has declined by more than 10% between 2017 and 2020; WHO estimates that Thailand has a TB incidence of 150 per 100,000 populations (105,000 annual cases), and 11,000 deaths of TB per year. Of the annual TB cases, 9900 were estimated to also be HIV positive. The treatment success rate was 85% of new or relapsed TB cases. The incidence of MDR/RR-TB was estimated at 3.6 per 100,000 population or 2500 cases. The shorter course with a 9–11-month regimen for MDR/RR-TB, which was launched in Thailand in 2018, was indicated as a major factor for the increasing success rate of MDR/RR-TB treatment.","PeriodicalId":162871,"journal":{"name":"Respirology (Carlton, Vic.)","volume":" ","pages":"669-670"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40332538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current trends in image-guided chest interventions.","authors":"Kenneth K Lau,&nbsp;Karin Steinke,&nbsp;Stephen Reis,&nbsp;Srinivas P Cherukuri,&nbsp;Manfred Cejna","doi":"10.1111/resp.14315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/resp.14315","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Interventional radiology (IR) is a rapidly expanding medical subspecialty and refers to a range of image-guided procedural techniques. The image guidance allows real-time visualization and precision placement of a needle, catheter, wire and device to deep body structures through small incisions. Advantages include reduced risks, faster recovery and shorter hospital stays, lower costs and less patient discomfort. The range of chest interventional procedures keeps on expanding due to improved imaging facilities, better percutaneous assess devices and advancing ablation and embolization techniques. These advances permit procedures to be undertaken safely, simultaneously and effectively, hence escalating the role of IR in the treatment of chest disorders. This review article aims to cover the latest developments in some image-guided techniques of the chest, including thermal ablation therapy of lung malignancy, targeted therapy of pulmonary embolism, angioplasty and stenting of mediastinal venous/superior vena cava occlusion, pulmonary arteriovenous malformation treatment and bronchial artery embolization for haemoptysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":162871,"journal":{"name":"Respirology (Carlton, Vic.)","volume":" ","pages":"581-599"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/92/e9/RESP-27-581.PMC9545252.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40399213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One‐year follow‐up CT findings in COVID‐19 patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis","authors":"Atsuyuki Watanabe, M. So, M. Iwagami, K. Fukunaga, H. Takagi, H. Kabata, T. Kuno","doi":"10.1111/resp.14311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/resp.14311","url":null,"abstract":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) often causes radiological and functional pulmonary sequelae. However, evidence on 1‐year follow‐up of pulmonary sequelae is limited. We aimed to investigate the characteristics and time‐course of pulmonary sequelae after recovery from COVID‐19 through 1‐year follow‐up. We searched PubMed and EMBASE databases on 25 February 2022, and included studies with computed tomography (CT) findings at the 1‐year follow‐up. The extracted data on CT findings were analysed using a one‐group meta‐analysis. We further analysed the data in relation to COVID‐19 severity, improvement rate and lung function. Fifteen eligible studies (N = 3134) were included. One year after COVID‐19, 32.6% (95% CI 24.0–42.6, I2 = 92.9%) presented with residual CT abnormalities. Ground‐glass opacity and fibrotic‐like changes were frequently observed in 21.2% (95% CI 15.4–28.4, I2 = 86.7%) and 20.6% (95% CI 11.0–35.2, I2 = 91.9%), respectively. While the gradual recovery was seen on CT (52.9% [mid‐term] vs. 32.6% [1 year]), the frequency of CT abnormalities was higher in the severe/critical cases than in the mild/moderate cases (37.7% vs. 20.7%). In particular, fibrotic changes showed little improvement between 4–7 months and 1 year after COVID‐19. Pulmonary function tests at 1 year also showed the decline in diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide, especially in severe/critical cases. Our meta‐analysis indicated that residual CT abnormalities were common in hospitalized COVID‐19 patients 1 year after recovery, especially fibrotic changes in severe/critical cases. As these sequelae may last long, vigilant observations and longer follow‐up periods are warranted.","PeriodicalId":162871,"journal":{"name":"Respirology (Carlton, Vic.)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127442914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long‐term effects of discontinuing renin–angiotensin system inhibitors in COVID‐19","authors":"F. Theurl, N. Sappler, K. Rizas, S. Massberg, A. Bauer, M. Schreinlechner","doi":"10.1111/resp.14306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/resp.14306","url":null,"abstract":"To the Editors: Several randomized trials investigated the effects of discontinuing chronic treatment with renin–angiotensin system inhibitors (RASi) in COVID-19 with overall neutral results in the short term (within 30 days). However, temporary discontinuation of RASi might have effects that occur beyond 30 days and were missed by the short follow-up of previous trials. Importantly, half of the survivors of COVID-19 develop postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), which could potentially be affected by RASi discontinuation. To address this, we conducted a long-term follow-up of patients enrolled in ACEI-COVID trial (NCT04353596), which was previously published. ACEI-COVID was a prospective, randomized, multicentre trial that evaluated the","PeriodicalId":162871,"journal":{"name":"Respirology (Carlton, Vic.)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123373515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contemporary Concise Review 2021: COVID‐19 and other respiratory infections","authors":"Ken K P Chan, D. Hui","doi":"10.1111/resp.14305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/resp.14305","url":null,"abstract":"Bats are likely the primary source of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). Minks are highly susceptible to infection by SARS‐CoV‐2. Transmission from asymptomatic individuals was estimated to account for over 50% of all transmissions of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) cases. SARS‐CoV‐2 is evolving towards more efficient aerosol transmission. Remdesivir, baricitinib, tocilizumab and dexamethasone are frequently used for the treatment of patients with respiratory failure due to COVID‐19. There is a rising incidence of non‐tuberculous Mycobacterium pulmonary disease globally, with a higher prevalence in Asian countries than in the Western world. Protracted bacterial bronchitis is a common cause of chronic productive cough in childhood. Re‐emergence of respiratory syncytial virus may occur after the relaxation of infection control measures and the reopening of borders during COVID‐19 pandemic.","PeriodicalId":162871,"journal":{"name":"Respirology (Carlton, Vic.)","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124583282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathways linked to unresolved inflammation and airway remodelling characterize the transcriptome in two independent severe asthma cohorts","authors":"S. Sánchez-Ovando, S. Pavlidis, N. Kermani, K. Baines, D. Barker, P. Gibson, L. Wood, I. Adcock, K. Chung, J. Simpson, P. Wark","doi":"10.1111/resp.14302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/resp.14302","url":null,"abstract":"Severe asthma (SA) is a heterogeneous disease. Transcriptomic analysis contributes to the understanding of pathogenesis necessary for developing new therapies. We sought to identify and validate mechanistic pathways of SA across two independent cohorts.","PeriodicalId":162871,"journal":{"name":"Respirology (Carlton, Vic.)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114077208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Excess iron promotes emergence of foamy macrophages that overexpress ferritin in the lungs of silicosis patients.","authors":"Christian Anthony Aloe,&nbsp;Tracy Li-Tsein Leong,&nbsp;Hari Wimaleswaran,&nbsp;Paris Clarice Papagianis,&nbsp;Jonathan Luke McQualter,&nbsp;Christine Faye McDonald,&nbsp;Yet Hong Khor,&nbsp;Ryan Francis Hoy,&nbsp;Aviraj Ingle,&nbsp;Vipul Bansal,&nbsp;Nicole Soo Leng Goh,&nbsp;Steven Bozinovski","doi":"10.1111/resp.14230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/resp.14230","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>Inhalation of high concentrations of respirable crystalline silica (RCS) can lead to silicosis. RCS contains varying levels of iron, which can cause oxidative stress and stimulate ferritin production. This study evaluated iron-related and inflammatory markers in control and silicosis patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cohort of stone benchtop industry workers (n = 18) were radiologically classified by disease severity into simple or complicated silicosis. Peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were collected to measure iron, ferritin, C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A and serum silicon levels. Ferritin subunit expression in BAL and transbronchial biopsies was analysed by reverse transcription quantitative PCR. Lipid accumulation in BAL macrophages was assessed by Oil Red O staining.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Serum iron levels were significantly elevated in patients with silicosis, with a strong positive association with serum ferritin levels. In contrast, markers of systemic inflammation were not increased in silicosis patients. Serum silicon levels were significantly elevated in complicated disease. BAL macrophages from silicosis patients were morphologically consistent with lipid-laden foamy macrophages. Ferritin light chain (FTL) mRNA expression in BAL macrophages was also significantly elevated in simple silicosis patients and correlated with systemic ferritin.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest that elevated iron levels during the early phases of silicosis increase FTL expression in BAL macrophages, which drives elevated BAL and serum ferritin levels. Excess iron and ferritin were also associated with the emergence of a foamy BAL macrophage phenotype. Ferritin may represent an early disease marker for silicosis, where increased levels are independent of inflammation and may contribute to fibrotic lung remodelling.</p>","PeriodicalId":162871,"journal":{"name":"Respirology (Carlton, Vic.)","volume":" ","pages":"427-436"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/4b/e4/RESP-27-427.PMC9303595.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39932625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alveolar crystal burden in stone workers with artificial stone silicosis.","authors":"Simon H Apte,&nbsp;Maxine E Tan,&nbsp;Viviana P Lutzky,&nbsp;Tharushi A De Silva,&nbsp;Andreas Fiene,&nbsp;Justin Hundloe,&nbsp;David Deller,&nbsp;Clair Sullivan,&nbsp;Peter T Bell,&nbsp;Daniel C Chambers","doi":"10.1111/resp.14229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/resp.14229","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>An epidemic of silicosis has emerged due to a failure to control risks associated with exposure to high-silica content respirable dust generated while working with artificial stone products. Methods for quantification of alveolar crystal burden are needed to advance our understanding of the pathobiology of silica-related lung injury as well as assisting in the diagnosis, clinical management and prognostication of affected workers. The objective of this study was to develop and validate novel methods to quantify alveolar crystal burden in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from patients with artificial stone silicosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>New methods to quantify and analyse alveolar crystal in BAL from patients with artificial stone silicosis were developed. Crystals were isolated and counted by microscopy and alveolar crystal burden was calculated using a standard curve generated by titration of respirable α-Quartz. The utility of the assay was then assessed in 23 patients with artificial stone silicosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Alveolar crystal burden was greater in patients with silicosis (0.44 picograms [pg]/cell [0.08-3.49]) compared to patients with other respiratory diagnoses (0.057 pg/cell [0.01-0.34]; p < 0.001). Alveolar crystal burden was positively correlated with years of silica exposure (ρ = 0.49, p = 0.02) and with decline in diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (ρ = -0.50, p = 0.02).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Alveolar crystal burden quantification differentiates patients with silicosis from patients with other respiratory disorders. Furthermore, crystal burden is correlated with the rate of decline in lung function in patients with artificial stone silicosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":162871,"journal":{"name":"Respirology (Carlton, Vic.)","volume":" ","pages":"437-446"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9307012/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39932626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}