Journal of Liposome Research最新文献

{"title":"Liposomes applied in healing bacterially infected wounds: a systematic review recent advances in liposomal formulations applied to healing bacterially infected wounds.","authors":"Tainara Aparecida Nunes Ribeiro, Daniel Crístian Ferreira Soares, Grazielle Aparecida Dos Santos, Maria Caiane Lino de Souza, Brenda Xavier Gonçalves, Paula Fernanda da Silva Valentim, Mariana Oliveira de Paula, Daniela Sachs","doi":"10.1080/08982104.2025.2528086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08982104.2025.2528086","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Concerns regarding bacterial infections and antibiotic resistance development have instigated many researchers to synthesize innovative antibacterial compounds and develop more effective pharmaceutical formulations against microorganisms increasingly adapted to our environment. In special, many efforts have been dedicated to developing pharmaceutical antibacterial formulations to treat and improve wound-healing processes, which still represent a great challenge for common clinical practice today. Liposomal systems remain one of the most extensively studied controlled delivery platforms, and considering the antibacterial context, the present article aims to provide a fast and well-oriented systematic review regarding this issue, aiming to bring to the readers the ultimate data regarding the employment of liposomes in the treatment of bacterial infections and the healing of bacteria-infected wounds. A systematic compilation of results and comparisons was made, seeking to observe the antibacterial and wound-healing behavior of the formulated liposomal systems in selected recent studies. The results obtained revealed impressive results concerning the potential applications of liposomes against bacteria in the wound-healing medical context.</p>","PeriodicalId":16286,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Liposome Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144637258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conjugated crown ether lipid liposomes: enhancing integrity in serum through novel surface modifications.","authors":"Athanasios Skouras, Eirini Mallikopoulou, Gerasimos Tsivgoulis, Spyridon Mourtas, Sophia G Antimisiaris","doi":"10.1080/08982104.2025.2530003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08982104.2025.2530003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study explores the potential of 18-crown-6 ether to enhance liposomal integrity in biological media. A novel 1,2-Dipalmitoyl-<i>sn</i>-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DPPE)-crown ether conjugate was synthesized and incorporated into phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol liposomes at varying concentrations (0.5-8 mol%). The physicochemical characteristics, serum integrity, and response to divalent cations were systematically evaluated. Although, these crown ether-modified liposomes do not provide the same level of protection as PEGylation at 48 hours, they clearly exhibited improved integrity in serum at 24 hours compared to non-pegylated liposomes under the same conditions. Moreover, when exposed to calcium ions (5 mM), crown ether-modified liposomes maintained significantly greater stability levels at 24 h in comparison to unmodified liposomes. Furthermore, co-functionalization with both crown ether (2%) and PEG (2%) lipids resulted in stability identical to 4% PEGylated liposomes under the same conditions, suggesting an additive stabilization effect of crown ether and PEG, at least at the concentration applied. These findings introduce crown ether-modified liposomes as a novel approach to modulate liposome-protein interactions and potentially enhance drug delivery in physiological environments containing high concentrations of calcium.</p>","PeriodicalId":16286,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Liposome Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144584145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation and immunoactivity of sulfated glucan from <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> liposomes.","authors":"Yijiong Tao, Linjie Huang, Zhaolong Li, Jiayi Li, Qi Tang, Kai Chen, Lifang Zhang, Chenzhong Fei, Yinchun Liu, Mi Wang","doi":"10.1080/08982104.2025.2527096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08982104.2025.2527096","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study optimized the preparation conditions of sulfated glucan from <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> liposomes (SGSCL) and evaluated its effect on immune activity. SGSCL was prepared using the reverse evaporation method, and its immune activity was assessed by measuring the proliferation of chicken spleen lymphocytes, hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titers, and serum cytokine concentrations in chickens vaccinated with the Newcastle disease (ND) vaccine. The optimal preparation conditions were a phospholipid-to-cholesterol mass ratio of 5.4:1, a phospholipid-to-SGSC mass ratio of 10:1, and a rotary evaporation temperature of 40 °C. The average encapsulation efficiency (EE) was 63.92%, whereas the mean particle size, polymer dispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential were 90.39 ± 1.71 nm, 0.203 ± 0.004, and -41.13 ± 1.05 mV, respectively. SGSCL significantly promoted the proliferation of chicken spleen lymphocytes, splenic T and B lymphocytes at concentrations of 100-800 µg/mL, 800 µg/mL and 200-800 µg/mL <i>in vitro</i>. The best proliferative effect on splenic lymphocytes were at 400 µg/mL, 800 µg/mL, and 800 µg/mL. <i>In vivo</i>, on days 7 and 14, HI antibody titers in the SGSCL-H, SGSCL-M, and SGSCL-L groups were significantly greater than those in the VC group. The serum antibody titers in the SGSCL-H and SGSCL-M groups were significantly or numerically elevated compared to the VC group at all time points post-vaccination. The IL-2, IL-6, IL-4, and IFN-γ concentrations in the SGSCL-H group were significantly higher than that in the VC group on D28 and D35. These findings suggest that SGSCL could serve as a novel vaccine diluent or immune adjuvant.</p>","PeriodicalId":16286,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Liposome Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144575662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved application of the inverse emulsion method for generating flexible asymmetric liposomes for DNA plasmid delivery.","authors":"Denisse Gardea-Gutiérrez, Manuel Román-Aguirre, Berenice E Oseguera-Guerra, Raúl Loera-Valencia, Silvia L Montes-Fonseca","doi":"10.1080/08982104.2025.2521067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08982104.2025.2521067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The design of vehicles for transdermal gene delivery is at the forefront of molecular medicine, facilitating targeted therapies. Reports suggest that flexible liposomes can be a good alternative for transdermal delivery, and asymmetric liposomes may enhance gene delivery efficiency. This study aims to create flexible asymmetric-type liposomes with high encapsulation of DNA and high deformability rates. The synthesis of asymmetric liposomes was standardized using the inverse emulsion method, with lipids DOTMA (1,2-di-O-octadecenyl-3-trimethylammonium propane) and DOPE (1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine) as the inner layer, DSPC (1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) lipid as the outer layer, cholesterol as a stabilizing component, and Span 80 and ethanol as components that promote flexibility. The pIRES2-EGFP plasmid was used as the encapsulated genetic material. Asymmetric liposomes were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), encapsulation efficiency percentage (%EE), and the deformability index determined by the extrusion method. Results indicate that the asymmetric liposomes possess a well-defined bilayer, with bilayer deformability varying depending on the components used; for instance, liposomes containing flexible components exhibit a more deformable bilayer than those made solely of lipids. The average size of the liposomes was below 200 nm, and the %EE ranged from 75% to 90%. The liposomes containing Span 80 surfactant exhibited the highest flexibility index. This technique successfully produced asymmetric liposomes with appropriate encapsulation of the DNA plasmid without degradation during the process. Future studies are expected to evaluate the cytotoxicity, transfection, and skin permeation.</p>","PeriodicalId":16286,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Liposome Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144505988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mito-phytosomal nanocarriers of <i>purslane</i> extract augments apoptosis in A549 cells.","authors":"Hadi Sardarabadi, Seyed Mohammad Zarei, Masoumeh Dolati, Mohammad Hasan Darvishi, Mahdi Tavakolizadeh, Fatemeh Zohrab, Hamidreza Javadi","doi":"10.1080/08982104.2025.2521718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08982104.2025.2521718","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To enhance the anticancer effects of the purslane extract, we developed a phytosomal nanocarrier with mitochondrial targeting capabilities. Initially, a phytosomal carrier was prepared and subsequently functionalized with a Szeto-Schiller (SS) peptide as, a mitochondrial-penetrating peptide, via a DSPE-PEG (2000)-malamide crosslinker. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis was conducted to quantify the amounts of quercetin and apigenin in the hydroalcoholic extract and the fractionated isolates obtained from diethyl ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol, and water. The results indicated that both polyphenols were present in the hydroalcoholic extract, with apigenin being more abundant in the ethyl acetate fraction. Dynamic light scattering measurements revealed an average particle size of 112.2 ± 6.758 nm, a narrow polydispersity index of 0.26 ± 0.005, and a zeta potential of -30.67 ± 2.894 mV. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed that the phytosomal carrier exhibited a spherical and intact morphology. The encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity of the phytosomes were found to be 97% and 12.19%, respectively, for the ethyl acetate isolate. The in vitro drug release profile demonstrated a biphasic pattern, characterized by an initial burst release followed by prolonged sustained release. Cytotoxicity assays conducted on A549 and HFF cell lines revealed that the mitochondria-targeted phytosomal nanocarrier exhibited significant apoptotic effects (69.6%) on A549 cells, showing no significant toxicity toward HFF cells when compared with phosphatidylcholine, conventional phytosomal nanocarriers, and ethyl acetate-targeted phytosomal nanocarriers. The findings from this study represent a crucial advancement in the standardization of plant extracts and the development of herbal nanomedicine using targeted phytosomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":16286,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Liposome Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144505989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation of chitosan-modified Moringa A liposomes and its protective effect on acute alcoholic liver injury.","authors":"Xiaowen Wang, Xia Jiang, Jinjing Yang, Michael Adu-Frimpong, Mingjie Gong, Qinyang Hua, Tingyuan Li, Jiaying Li, Pengfei Pan, Elmurat Toreniyazov, Xia Cao, Jiangnan Yu, Qilong Wang, Ximing Xu","doi":"10.1080/08982104.2025.2516033","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08982104.2025.2516033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Moringa A (MA), the hepatoprotective components of <i>Moringa oleifera</i> Lam. seeds, are metabolized and eliminated quickly in the body. In this study, cholesterol-modified chitosan (CH-CS) was used as a polymer carrier to prepare chitosan-modified MA liposomes (MA-CLs) in order to slow down the release of MA, prolong its circulation time, and improve the oral bioavailability of MA in comparison with common MA liposomes (MA-Ls). The particle size (PS) of MA-CLs was 218.25 ± 1.07 nm, with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.143 ± 0.005 and a zeta potential (ZP) of 30.64 ± 0.29 mV. The encapsulation efficiency (EE) was 85.17 ± 1.70%, while the drug loading (DL) was 7.92 ± 0.16%. In contrast, the PS of MA-Ls was 232.06 ± 1.36 nm, with a PDI of 0.215 ± 0.009 and a ZP of -14.21 ± 0.33 mV. The EE and DL of MA-Ls were 71.34 ± 0.60% and 8.39 ± 0.07%, respectively. These results indicated that MA liposomes could effectively mitigate the burst release of MA, thereby enhancing its oral bioavailability. Furthermore, the performance of MA-CLs was superior to that of MA-Ls. ELISA kits demonstrated that, both MA and MA liposomes groups significantly reduced the levels of ach detection index in mice. Specifically, the therapeutic effect followed the order: MA-CLs > MA-Ls > MA, thus exhibiting a concentration-dependent manner. Histopathological analysis of liver sections revealed that MA and its formulations alleviated hepatocyte swelling and necrosis, thereby protecting the liver from alcohol-induced damage. This study found that MA has a protective effect on the liver, while MA-CLs hold promise as a therapeutic agent for prevention of acute alcoholic liver injury (ALI).</p>","PeriodicalId":16286,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Liposome Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144333281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the remyelinating efficacy of nanoliposomes encapsulating <i>Withania somnifera</i> and <i>Ginkgo biloba</i> in a murine model of induced demyelination.","authors":"Harshit Saxena, Akhilesh Kumar, Rohit Kumar, Pawan Kumar, Madhu C Lingaraju, Rahul Shukla, Karuna Shankar, Madhu Gupta","doi":"10.1080/08982104.2025.2516035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08982104.2025.2516035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Demyelination leads to neuropathies and clinical deficits. Chemical remyelinating agents have variable efficacy and severe undesirable effects. Withania somnifera and <i>Ginkgo biloba</i> are traditionally known for possessing neuroprotective effects. The present study endeavors to reverse the demyelination using <i>Withania somnifera</i> root extract (<i>WNLP</i>) and <i>Ginkgo biloba</i> leaf extract (<i>GNLP</i>) liposomes prepared using thin-film hydration. The mean particle size (89.7 nm for <i>WNLP</i>, 85.5 nm for <i>GNLP</i>), zeta potential (-0.21 mV for <i>WNLP</i>, +0.455 mV for <i>GNLP</i>), and encapsulation efficiency (98.7% for <i>WNLP</i>, 97.5% for <i>GNLP</i>) were recorded. FTIR analysis indicated similar absorption peaks between the crude extracts and nano-liposomal formulations, with slight shifts observed. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed smooth, spherical structures. To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of oral gavage of <i>WNLP</i> and <i>GNLP</i> in a cuprizone-induced demyelinated mice model, they were randomly divided into groups, namely Control (Healthy, Sham and Vehicle), <i>WNLP</i> (low and high dose), <i>GNLP</i> (low and high dose), <i>Ginkgo biloba</i> crude extract (low and high dose) and Prednisolone. Treatment efficacy was assessed using behavioral tests (SHIRPA, Rota-rod, Hot-plate, NORT, and EPM), hematobiochemical, histology, and immunohistochemical analyses. The <i>GNLP</i> in high doses had significant improvement compared to others, highlighting its potential as a promising therapy for demyelinating neuropathies, paving the way for advancements in neurobiomedical science.</p>","PeriodicalId":16286,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Liposome Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-23"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144266439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Triple co-culture spheroid models of lung and ovarian carcinoma cell lines for the <i>in vitro</i> testing of antitumor liposomes.","authors":"Shrey Shah, Yongwoon Kim, Rock Pulak, Gerard G M D'Souza","doi":"10.1080/08982104.2025.2514850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08982104.2025.2514850","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tumor cells cultured as spheroids have been shown to be superior to tumor cells cultured in monolayers as <i>in vitro</i> models of solid tumors because they exhibit features of the tumor microenvironment (TME) such as cell-cell interactions, extracellular matrix and diffusional gradients. However, spheroids composed solely of tumor cells, i.e. monoculture spheroids, still lack the non-tumor cell components that contribute to additional <i>in vivo</i> TME complexity. This study, explored the development of triple co-culture spheroid models incorporating tumor cells, tissue specific fibroblasts, and endothelial cells to mimic more of the features of the <i>in vivo</i> TME. Using a modified liquid overlay technique, triple co-culture spheroids were successfully generated for both drug resistant lung tumor cells as well as drug resistant ovarian tumor cells. The triple co-culture models exhibited several characteristics of <i>in vivo</i> tumors, including extracellular matrix (ECM) production and distinct spatial locations of cell types. Notably, fibroblasts remained in the core as the spheroid grew, while endothelial cells were found in the core only in the presence of fibroblasts. A liposomal formulation previously shown in monolayer cultures to have selective toxicity toward multiple drug resistant tumor cell types was significantly less toxic and showed composition-dependent levels of toxicity in spheroid cultures with multiple cell types. These findings demonstrate that triple co-culture spheroids can serve as <i>in vitro</i> models that more closely mimic <i>in vivo</i> tumor characteristics to facilitate the optimization of antitumor therapies prior to <i>in vivo</i> testing.</p>","PeriodicalId":16286,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Liposome Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144234317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation of sodium hyaluronate coated liposomes: effect of polymer molecular weight, coating concentration, amount of charged lipids and type of hydration medium on the stability.","authors":"Joseph Azumah, Danijela Vasilic, Gro Smistad, Marianne Hiorth","doi":"10.1080/08982104.2025.2456194","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08982104.2025.2456194","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, liposomes consisting of soybean phosphatidyl choline (SoyPC) and different molar concentrations (10 mol% and 20 mol%) of dioleoyl trimethylammoniumpropane (DOTAP) were prepared by the thin film hydration method and coated with sodium hyaluronate (NaHA) of different MWs (8-15 kDa, 30-50 kDa and 90-130 kDa) and concentrations (0.01-0.2% w/w) using phosphate buffer (PB) or glycerol phosphate buffer (G-PB) as the hydration medium. These NaHA coated liposomes could have a potential in the treatment of dry mouth since glycerol and NaHA are known for their lubricating and hydrating properties. The liposomes composed of SoyPC-DOTAP 20 mol%, and coated with NaHA MW 90-130 kDa, 0.05% w/w were found to be most stable during storage. The liposomes with 20 mol% DOTAP coated with NaHA MW 30-50 kDa, 0.05% w/w showed promising results as these stayed stable for at least two weeks. However, the liposomes coated with NaHA MW 8-15 kDa were generally unstable irrespective of the combinations of the investigated parameters. When the stable liposomes were introduced into artificial saliva (AS), aggregation rapidly occurred. Sodium alginate (NaAlg) coated liposomes that were prepared for comparison were found to be stable in AS. The study has demonstrated the influence of the amount of charged lipid which must be high, the polymer MW which must lay in the area 30 kDa-130 kDa and coating concentration which should be intermediate 0.05% w/w in preparing stable NaHA coated liposomes. Further studies need to be conducted to understand the instability exhibited by the NaHA coated liposomes in AS.</p>","PeriodicalId":16286,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Liposome Research","volume":" ","pages":"159-172"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143039609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual-ligand functionalized liposomes with iRGD/trastuzumab co-loaded with gefitinib and lycorine for enhanced metastatic breast cancer therapy.","authors":"Dilip Kumar Arya, Prashant Pandey, Anit Kumar, Kumarappan Chidambaram, Adel Al Fatease, Giriraj Pandey, Saurabh Srivastava, P S Rajinikanth","doi":"10.1080/08982104.2025.2457453","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08982104.2025.2457453","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Personalized treatment strategies have greatly improved the efficacy of anticancer drugs. Nanocarriers, especially liposomes, function as excellent platform for the delivery of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic agents. iRGD is a peptide composed of 9-amino acid denoted as (iRGDP), enhances selective and intratumoral delivery of anticancer drugs. Trastuzumab (TMAB), mainly targets HER2-positive advanced stage breast cancer is an FDA-approved monoclonal antibody. Gefitinib (GEB) is an anticancer drug, effective against metastatic breast cancer (MBC), while Lycorine hydrochloride (LCOH), a naturally derived compound, possess both anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. This research is mainly emphasizing on the preparation of GEB and LCOH-entrapped TPGS-COOH coated-liposomes, camouflaged with an antibody (TMAB) and cyclic peptide (iRGDP) for targeted delivery in MBC therapy. The developed multifunctional liposomes were studied for extensive <i>in vitro</i> cell line studies on MCF-7 cells. The half-maximum inhibitory concentration (IC-50) values of GEB and LCOH co-loaded single functionalized liposome (SFL) (iRGDP-LiP, and TMAB-LiP) and dual-functionalized liposome (DFL) (iRGDP-TMAB-LiP) on MCF-7 cells were 1.04 ± 0.023 μg/mL, 0.71 ± 0.018 μg/mL, and 0.56 ± 0.028 μg/mL, respectively. Inverted confocal laser scanning microscopy (ICLSM) revealed enhanced cellular internalization in SFL and DFL-treated groups tagged with coumarin-6 and rhodamine-B dye as compared to conventional liposome. The scratch assay revealed a marked reduction in cell migration, while DAPI staining confirmed enhanced nuclear condensation (NC) and nuclear fragmentation (NF) in SFL and DFL-treated groups. Moreover, flow cytometry demonstrated enhanced early and late apoptosis in SFL and DFL groups. These findings indicate that GEB and LCOH co-loaded multifunctional liposome holds promise as a multifaceted therapeutic approach for MBC therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":16286,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Liposome Research","volume":" ","pages":"173-187"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143080263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}