Snehal Pardeshi, Amrendra Tiwari, Uday Titame, Pankaj K Singh, Pavan Kumar Yadav, Manish K Chourasia
{"title":"Development of asolectin-based liposomal formulation for controlled and targeted delivery of erlotinib as a model drug for EGFR monotherapy.","authors":"Snehal Pardeshi, Amrendra Tiwari, Uday Titame, Pankaj K Singh, Pavan Kumar Yadav, Manish K Chourasia","doi":"10.1080/08982104.2022.2040532","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08982104.2022.2040532","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present investigation was envisaged to develop liposomal formulation for efficacious and targeted delivery of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor (erlotinib) against pancreatic cancer. The marketed formulations bearing current EGFR inhibitors exhibit serious adverse effects including severe skin, hemolytic and gastrointestinal toxicity. To address the obstacles, we have developed the liposomal formulation, by ether injection method, comprising erlotinib, a tyrosine kinase EGFR inhibitor, proposed to be targeted through enhanced permeability and retention effect (EPR) effect against pancreatic cancer. On succeeding, the liposomes were characterized for various pharmaceutical attributes. The developed liposomes found to sustain a particle size of 121 ± 10.7 nm, whereas PDI of 0.22 ± 0.01 with the surface charge value of -33.7 ± 2.30 mV. The entrapment efficiency and drug loading were found to be 82.60 and 15.89 (%w/w), respectively. The hemolysis study suggested that the developed formulation was safer compared with native drug solution. The proof of concept for enhanced efficacy and decreased toxicity has been established through <i>in vitro</i> assays. The IC50 for free erlotinib and formulation was found to be 2.0 ± 0.3 µg/ml and 1.1 ± 0.1 µg/ml, respectively. The effectivity was evident by cellular uptake study and apoptosis, whereas cell cycle arrest study indicated that erlotinib arrests the G0/G1 phase of cell cycle. Further the erlotinib-asolectin liposomal formulation enhanced cytotoxicity in PANC-1 cells at relatively low dose, proving to be an alternative for current chemotherapeutics against pancreatic cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":16286,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Liposome Research","volume":"32 1","pages":"386-395"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60049493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Raziya Khatoon Farooqui, Monika Kaurav, Manoj Kumar, M S Sudheesh, Ravi Shankar Pandey
{"title":"Permeation enhancer nanovesicles mediated topical delivery of curcumin for the treatment of hyperpigmentation.","authors":"Raziya Khatoon Farooqui, Monika Kaurav, Manoj Kumar, M S Sudheesh, Ravi Shankar Pandey","doi":"10.1080/08982104.2021.2024567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08982104.2021.2024567","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The main aim of the present study was to develop curcumin (CUR) loaded permeation enhancer-lipid vesicles for the treatment of hyperpigmentation. Hyperpigmentation is an acquired skin disorder characterized by uneven skin coloration, mainly in the regions of the facial skin, affecting millions of people worldwide. It often occurs in visible areas, hence causing significant negative psychological and social impacts. In the present study, curcumin-loaded permeation enhancer nanovesicles (PE-NVs) were developed by modified ethanol injection method and dimethyl sulfoxide was added as a penetration enhancer. PE-NVs were subjected to various physicochemical characterizations and drug permeation studies across the skin. The PE-NVs were tested for their efficacy in a sunlight-induced hyperpigmented rabbit skin model. Topical application of PE-NVs reduced symptoms of hyperpigmentation as compared with CUR methanolic solution because of higher accumulation because of better permeation into skin layers. Histopathological studies also confirmed the effectiveness of PE-NVs, since they reduced hyperpigmentation-induced lesions. Results confirmed that PE-NVs is a potential drug delivery system for topical administration drugs to treat skin-associated inflammatory disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":16286,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Liposome Research","volume":" ","pages":"332-339"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39874511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Systematic review on activity of liposomal encapsulated antioxidant, antibiotics, and antiviral agents.","authors":"Reshna K R, Preetha Balakrishnan, Sreerag Gopi","doi":"10.1080/08982104.2021.2024568","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08982104.2021.2024568","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reactive oxygen species (ROS) like superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radical, can be formed as normal products of aerobic metabolism. Overproduction or insufficient removal of ROS results in significant damage to cell structure and functions. Antioxidants applied directly and at relatively high concentrations to cellular systems are effective in protection against the damaging actions of ROS. Microorganisms including Gram-positive and negative bacteria, fungi, protozoa, algae, etc., can be disease causing microorganism. Antimicrobial agents have the capability to inhibitor destroy the microorganisms. The problems arising from the use of antioxidant and antimicrobial agents include poor solubility, instability during storage, low bioavailability, and difficulty to reach target organs with sufficient doses. Liposomal antimicrobial agent and liposomal antioxidants enhance the solubility, bioavailability, and stability of antimicrobial agent and antioxidants.</p>","PeriodicalId":16286,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Liposome Research","volume":"32 4","pages":"340-353"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10370724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Liposome-encapsulated glycyrrhizin alleviates hyperglycemia and glycation-induced iron-catalyzed oxidative reactions in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.","authors":"Subhrojit Sen","doi":"10.1080/08982104.2022.2036756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08982104.2022.2036756","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glycyrrhizin, a bioactive constituent of <i>Glycyrrhiza glabra</i> has been reported to ameliorate diabetes. Here, the effects of liposome-encapsulated glycyrrhizin on STZ-induced diabetes and associated oxidative stress were investigated. Wistar rats were grouped as control (NC, received placebo), diabetic (DC, STZ-induced), diabetic treated with free glycyrrhizin (DTG, 3 i.v. doses, 1.6 mg/0.5 ml), empty liposomes (DTl, 3 i.v. doses), and liposome-encapsulated glycyrrhizin (DTbd, 3 i.v. doses, 1.6 mg/0.5 ml). Serum glucose, insulin, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test and glycohemoglobin were estimated. Free iron and iron-mediated oxidative stress were examined. Histological examinations of the kidney and liver were performed. Liposomal-glycyrrhizin treatment caused significant improvement of hyperglycemia (DC vs. DTbd <i>p</i> < .05), glucose intolerance (DC vs. DTG <i>p</i> < .01 and DC vs. DTbd <i>p</i> < .05), insulin (DC vs. DTG <i>p</i> < .1, DTbd vs. DC <i>p</i> < .05 and DTbd vs. DTG <i>p</i> < .1) and glycohemoglobin (DC vs. DTG <i>p</i> < .1 and DC vs. DTbd <i>p</i> < .05) levels in the DTbd group. Alleviation of free iron release (DC vs. DTbd <i>p</i> < .05), lipid peroxidation (DC + H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> vs. DTbd + H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> <i>p</i> < .05), deoxyribose (DC + H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> vs. DTbd + H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, <i>p</i> < .05), and DNA degradation occurred in the DTbd group. The abnormalities of the kidney and liver were abolished in the DTbd group. The inhibitory effects were more pronounced compared to free glycyrrhizin. Liposome-encapsulated glycyrrhizin treatment caused inhibition of diabetic complications through its antioxidant effects and can be exploited for effective treatment of diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":16286,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Liposome Research","volume":" ","pages":"376-385"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39924888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marwa H Shukr, Soha Ismail, Ghada G El-Hossary, Amany H El-Shazly
{"title":"Spanlastics nanovesicular ocular insert as a novel ocular delivery of travoprost: optimization using Box-Behnken design and <i>in vivo</i> evaluation.","authors":"Marwa H Shukr, Soha Ismail, Ghada G El-Hossary, Amany H El-Shazly","doi":"10.1080/08982104.2022.2025828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08982104.2022.2025828","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Currently, travoprost is a synthetic prostaglandin F<sub>2</sub>α analogue used in the treatment of glaucoma, it is delivered by eye drop solution. Due to its very low bioavailability and patient non-compliance, the objective of the current study was to enhance its bioavailability, and prolong its release Spanlastic nano-vesicles gels were designed and optimized using Box-Behnken design. The optimized spanlastic nano-vesicles gel exhibited the lowest particle size (PS), polydispersity index (PDI) and the highest zeta potential (ZP), encapsulation efficiency (EE) and mucoadhesive strength was fabricated into spanlastic nano-vesicles ocular insert by solvent casting. <i>In vivo</i> studies showed enhanced bioavailability of travoprost spanlastic nano-vesicles gel and ocular insert compared to the marketed eye drops (travoswix®), as proven by their higher <i>C</i><sub>max</sub> and AUC<sub>0-∞,</sub> in addition to being nonirritant to ocular surfaces. However, spanlastic nano-vesicles ocular insert showed more prolonged effect than spanlastic nano-vesicles gel. According to our study, it can be suggested that travoprost spanlastic nano-vesicles ocular insert is a novel ocular delivery system for glaucoma treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":16286,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Liposome Research","volume":" ","pages":"354-364"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39827095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gang Wang, Yu Yang, Du Yi, Lu Yuan, Pei-Hao Yin, Xu Ke, Wang Jun-Jie, Min-Fang Tao
{"title":"Eudragit S100 prepared pH-responsive liposomes-loaded betulinic acid against colorectal cancer <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>.","authors":"Gang Wang, Yu Yang, Du Yi, Lu Yuan, Pei-Hao Yin, Xu Ke, Wang Jun-Jie, Min-Fang Tao","doi":"10.1080/08982104.2021.1999974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08982104.2021.1999974","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to develop polymer Eudragit S100 for preparing pH-responsive liposomes-loaded betulinic acid (pH-BA-LP) to improve the therapeutic index of chemotherapy for colorectal cancer. BA-loaded liposomes were coated with Eudragit S100 by a thin film dispersion and easily scalable pH-driven method. The prepared liposomes were evaluated for size, surface morphology, entrapment efficiency, stability, <i>in vitro</i> drug release, and antitumor activity. In particular, pH-BA-LP showed advantages such as lower size (<100 nm), encapsulation efficiency of 90%, high stability, and stably cumulative release. By detecting the antitumor effects of pH-BA-LP <i>in vivo</i>, it showed that the tumor proliferation and cell migration were significantly inhibited in colorectal cancer. The pH-BA-LP also inhibited tumor growth via the regulation of Akt/TLR-mediated signalling and significantly down-regulated the expression of NFAT1 and NFAT4 proteins. It was found that pH-BA-LP can increase NK cells and CD3<sup>+</sup> cells in tumor tissues, and the proportion of CD8<sup>+</sup> cells in CD3<sup>+</sup> cells was also increased, which proved that pH-BA-LP can play an antitumor effect by enhancing the autoimmunity level in tumor-bearing mice. The positive infiltration rates of CD8 and CD68 were increased and CD163 was relatively decreased by using pH-BA-LP, which proved that pH-BA-LP can regulate the immune infiltration levels in tumor-bearing mice. Therefore, the present work provides an effective method to prepare pH-responsive polymer-coated liposomes for colonic delivery with biologically active compounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":16286,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Liposome Research","volume":"32 3","pages":"250-264"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39592531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comprehensive review on use of phospholipid based vesicles for phytoactive delivery.","authors":"Manish Kumar Gupta, Vipul Sansare, Birendra Shrivastava, Santosh Jadhav, Prashant Gurav","doi":"10.1080/08982104.2021.1968430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08982104.2021.1968430","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant-derived phytoconstituents are well known for their therapeutic potential. It has been experimentally demonstrated that whole-plant extract or isolated phytoconstituents reveal various therapeutic potentials like hepatoprotective, antimicrobial, neuroprotective, antitumor, antioxidant, skin protectives, etc. Although these phytoconstituents have potential therapeutic benefits, their use is limited due to their poor bioavailability, stability in biological fluids, and authentication issues. These continue to be an open problem that affects the application of these valuable ancient herbal herbs in the effective treatment and management of various disease conditions. A potential solution to these difficult problems could be the loading of phytoactives in phospholipid-based vesicular systems. Phospholipid-based vesicles like liposomes, phytosomes, ethosomes as well as transfersomes were effectively utilized recently to solve drawbacks and for effective delivery of phytoactives. Several landmark studies observed better therapeutic efficacy of phytoactive loaded vesicles compared to conventional drug delivery. Thus phospholipid-based vesicles mediated phytoactive delivery is a recently developed promising and attractive strategy for better therapeutic control on disease conditions. The present short review highlights recent advances in herbal bioactive loaded phospholipid-based vesicles.</p>","PeriodicalId":16286,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Liposome Research","volume":"32 3","pages":"211-223"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39851034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zohreh Mirveis, Maryam Kouchak, Masoud Mahdavinia, Nadereh Rahbar
{"title":"Novel and efficient method for loading aptamer-conjugated liposomes with arsenic trioxide for targeting cancer cells.","authors":"Zohreh Mirveis, Maryam Kouchak, Masoud Mahdavinia, Nadereh Rahbar","doi":"10.1080/08982104.2021.2005624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08982104.2021.2005624","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although the therapeutic effect of liposomal arsenic trioxide arsenic trioxide (ATO) in the treatment of solid tumours has been confirmed, its dose-limiting loading is a challenging issue. To solve the problems in the preparation of liposomal ATO, different loading strategies were evaluated and compared. In addition, liposomes decorated with anti-nucleolin aptamers were developed as a novel formulation for targeted delivery with high loading efficiency and sustained releasing property in order to treat solid tumours. The liposomes were prepared by a thin-film method exploiting the passive loading strategy of Co(II) hydrogen arsenite (CHA). The structural characteristics of the liposomes were also investigated by Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FT-IR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potentiometry, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and Energy Dispersive X-ray Diffraction (EDX) techniques. To evaluate the potential cytotoxicity of this liposomal drug vehicle <i>in vitro</i>, MTT assay was performed on HT-29 cancer cell line. The results showed that the synthesised liposomes loaded with CHA exhibited high entrapment efficiency (77%). MTT assays showed a significant difference between the percentage of viable cells when HT -29 cells were treated with free ATO and liposomal formulation which can be corresponded to the sustained release of the drug from the liposomes. The results of this study may lead to a promising strategy for the effective treatment of solid tumours.</p>","PeriodicalId":16286,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Liposome Research","volume":"32 3","pages":"276-283"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39610999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chitosan-coated niosome as an efficient curcumin carrier to cross the blood-brain barrier: an animal study.","authors":"Sahar Salehi, Mohammad Sadegh Nourbakhsh, Mardali Yousefpour, Ghadir Rajabzadeh, Sajad Sahab-Negah","doi":"10.1080/08982104.2021.2019763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08982104.2021.2019763","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aims to improve the curcumin bio-stability and brain permeability by loading in bare niosome (BN) and chitosan-coated niosome (ChN). Span 60, tween 60, and cholesterol were optimized as niosome shell components to attain the highest encapsulation efficiency (EE), besides the lowest particle size, using the mixture design method. The resulting optimized BN had a mean diameter of 80 ± 0.2 nm and surface charge of -31 ± 0.1 mv, which changed to 85 ± 0.15 nm and 35 ± 0.12 mv, respectively, after applying the chitosan layer. The EE% in bare niosome were about 80 ± 0.2, which changed to 82 ± 0.21 in ChN. The optimized formulation displayed sustained release, following the Hixson-Crowell model.Wistar rats were subjected to intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) of BN and ChN to evaluate the blood-brain barrier permeability of the curcumin. In this regard, ChN significantly increased curcumin concentration in different parts of the liver, plasma, and central nervous system (cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and stratum), compared with BN. Altogether, our results showed that ChN could be used as a promising delivery system for the treatment of some neurological diseases such as Alzheimer<sup>'</sup>s.</p>","PeriodicalId":16286,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Liposome Research","volume":"32 3","pages":"284-292"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39853760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mingyuan Li, Yuan Li, Shiqin Li, Lin Jia, Chunyang Du, Meng Li, Shuangshuang Li, Hervé Galons, Na Guo, Peng Yu
{"title":"Co-delivery of F7 and crizotinib by thermosensitive liposome for breast cancer treatment.","authors":"Mingyuan Li, Yuan Li, Shiqin Li, Lin Jia, Chunyang Du, Meng Li, Shuangshuang Li, Hervé Galons, Na Guo, Peng Yu","doi":"10.1080/08982104.2021.2001499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08982104.2021.2001499","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In order to enhance the targeting efficiency and reduce the side effects and drug resistance, crizotinib (Cri) and F7 were co-loaded in a thermosensitive liposome (TSL) (F7-Cri-TSL), which showed enhanced permeability and retention in breast cancer model, as well as local controlled release by external hyperthermia. Cri is an inhibitor for cell proliferation and a promoter of apoptosis, by inhibiting the phosphorylation of intracellular ALK and c-Met, but its drug resistance limits its application. F7 is a novel drug candidate with significant resistance to cyclin-dependent kinase, but its use was restricted by its high toxicity. The F7-Cri-TSL was found with excellent particle size (about 108 nm), high entrapment efficiency (>95%), significant thermosensitive property, and good stability. Furthermore, F7-Cri-TSL/H had strongest cell lethality compared with other formulations. On the MCF-7 xenograft mice model, the F7-Cri-TSL also exhibited therapeutic synergism of Cri, F7 and hyperthermia. Meanwhile, it was shown that the TSL reduced the systemic toxicity of the chemotherapy drug. Therefore, the F7-Cri-TSL may serve as a promising system for temperature triggered breast cancer treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":16286,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Liposome Research","volume":"32 3","pages":"265-275"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39724034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}