Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis最新文献

{"title":"Administration of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors Following Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression of Randomized Trials.","authors":"Timotius Ivan Hariyanto, Akhil Deepak Vatvani, Theo Audi Yanto","doi":"10.12997/jla.2025.14.3.326","DOIUrl":"10.12997/jla.2025.14.3.326","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Individuals with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) face a considerable mortality risk. Recent evidence suggests that sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) may provide cardioprotective benefits, particularly in cases of heart failure (HF). However, the evidence regarding SGLT-2i use in AMI patients remains contradictory and ambiguous. This study investigates the efficacy and safety of SGLT-2i administration following AMI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We systematically searched Scopus, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, and ClinicalTrials.gov for potential articles using specific keywords, with the search extending until December 15th, 2024. All published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing SGLT-2i use following AMI were included. Outcomes were expressed as risk ratios (RRs) and standardized mean differences.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 7 RCTs were included. Our pooled analysis demonstrated that SGLT-2i administration post-AMI was associated with a reduced risk of HF hospitalization (RR, 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.60, 0.86; <i>p=</i>0.0004, I²=0%) and an improved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (SMD, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.03, 0.55; <i>p=</i>0.03; I²=60%) compared with placebo. However, there were no significant differences in all-cause mortality (<i>p</i>=0.94), cardiovascular (CV)-related mortality (<i>p</i>=0.77), stroke/transient ischemic attack (<i>p</i>=0.17), or major adverse CV events (<i>p</i>=0.16). The incidences of serious adverse events, diabetic ketoacidosis, and urinary tract infections were comparable between the 2 groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The administration of SGLT-2i following AMI may reduce the risk of HF hospitalization and improve LVEF, without affecting mortality outcomes. Overall, SGLT-2i proved to be a comparatively safe treatment option.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>PROSPERO Identifier: CRD42024627125.</p>","PeriodicalId":16284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis","volume":"14 3","pages":"326-338"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12488796/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145232709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to Letter Regarding Article, Association Between Nut Consumption and Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Adults.","authors":"Sunhye Shin","doi":"10.12997/jla.2025.14.3.391","DOIUrl":"10.12997/jla.2025.14.3.391","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis","volume":"14 3","pages":"391-392"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12488799/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145232787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter by Rachana Mehta and Ranjana Sah Regarding Article, Cholesterol and Cardiovascular Risk in Type 2 Diabetes: The Role of Kidney Function.","authors":"Rachana Mehta, Ranjana Sah","doi":"10.12997/jla.2025.14.3.384","DOIUrl":"10.12997/jla.2025.14.3.384","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis","volume":"14 3","pages":"384-386"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12488797/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145232691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Non-Statin Lipid-Lowering Therapy on Hepatic Outcomes in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease and Steatohepatitis: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Walter Masson, Leandro Barbagelata, Juan Patricio Nogueira","doi":"10.12997/jla.2025.14.3.273","DOIUrl":"10.12997/jla.2025.14.3.273","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) are significant health concerns affecting a large segment of the population and are known to be associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. As a result, various lipid-lowering medications are commonly employed in clinical practice to address the elevated cardiovascular risk in these patients. This systematic review summarizes the current evidence on emerging non-statin lipid-lowering therapies-ezetimibe, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and bempedoic acid-and their effects on hepatic outcomes in patients with MASLD or MASH. A total of 18 studies involving 933 participants were deemed eligible for inclusion, along with 1 ongoing study included for descriptive analysis. Ezetimibe had the most extensive supporting evidence: 4 of 5 non-randomized studies reported improvements in hepatic enzyme levels, whereas 5 of 8 randomized controlled trials found no significant changes. Imaging results were mixed, with some studies demonstrating reduced hepatic fat content by magnetic resonance imaging or ultrasound, while others found no effect. Histological improvements were observed in non-randomized studies, but randomized trials showed no significant histopathological changes. Only 3 studies on PCSK9 inhibitors were included, of which 2 reported imaging-based improvements in hepatic steatosis. Two studies assessed EPA, but yielded conflicting results, and only 1 ongoing study has examined bempedoic acid. Although preclinical data suggest potential hepatic benefits of these therapies in MASLD, current clinical evidence remains limited and inconsistent, highlighting the need for larger, high-quality trials to establish definitive conclusions.</p>","PeriodicalId":16284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis","volume":"14 3","pages":"273-288"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12488794/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145232693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of Moderate-Intensity Statin and Ezetimibe Combination Therapy Versus High-Intensity Statin Monotherapy in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.","authors":"Farah Yasmin, Abdul Moeed, Muhammad Umar, Farwa Zaidi, Maryam Sarwar Khan, M Chadi Alraies","doi":"10.12997/jla.2025.14.2.145","DOIUrl":"10.12997/jla.2025.14.2.145","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Statins represent the first-line therapy for cholesterol management. However, for patients prone to statin side effects, unable to tolerate higher doses, or requiring additional low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) reduction, ezetimibe alone or in combination with statins is recommended. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of combining low- or moderate-intensity statins with ezetimibe compared to high-intensity statin monotherapy, yielding reliable evidence to guide clinical decision-making and personalize treatment strategies. PubMed, Embase, and Scopus were systematically searched from inception until May 2023. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing a high-intensity statin with a low/moderate-intensity statin with ezetimibe were included. The outcomes of interest comprised changes in concentrations of lipids-LDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), and triglycerides (TGs)-and apolipoprotein (Apo) A1, Apo B, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), along with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). All data were analyzed using Review Manager version 5.4. <i>p</i>-values less than 0.05 were considered to indicate statistical significance. Overall, 20 RCTs, with 5,412 participants, were included. A low/moderate-intensity statin combined with ezetimibe yielded a significantly greater reduction in LDL-C levels than high-intensity statin monotherapy (mean difference [MD], -6.59; 95% confidence interval [CI], -10.95, -2.24; <i>p</i>=0.003; I²=84%). No significant differences were observed between combination and high-intensity statin monotherapy regarding TC, TG, or HDL-C levels. However, hs-CRP levels were significantly higher with combination therapy (MD, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.01, 0.64; <i>p</i>=0.04; I²=0%). Combination therapy involving a low/moderate-intensity statin with ezetimibe was significantly associated with lower LDL-C levels than high-intensity statin monotherapy. No significant differences were observed for TC, TGs, HDL-C, alanine transaminase, or MACE. However, creatine phosphokinase levels significantly increased with monotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":16284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis","volume":"14 2","pages":"145-158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12145961/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144258253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fatty Acids in Childhood Obesity: A Link Between Nutrition, Metabolic Alterations and Cardiovascular Risk.","authors":"Belen Davico, Maximiliano Martin, Anabel Impa Condori, Ezequiel Lozano Chiappe, Laura Gaete, Walter F Tetzlaff, Amanda Yanez, Viviana Osta, María S Sáez, Augusto Bava, María F Godoy, Patricia Palenque, María G Ballerini, Liliana Trifone, Leonardo Gómez Rosso, María S Feliu, Fernando Brites","doi":"10.12997/jla.2025.14.2.200","DOIUrl":"10.12997/jla.2025.14.2.200","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Childhood obesity, affected by dietary choices, increases cardiovascular risk. Obesity is associated with inflammation and altered glucose, iron and lipid metabolism. This study explores connections between dietary habits, plasma fatty acid profile, cardiovascular risk factors and childhood obesity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a case-control study including 20 children and adolescents with obesity and 20 controls. Anthropometric parameters and food frequency questionnaires were registered. Glucose metabolism, iron parameters, lipid profile, fatty acids profile, and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A₂ (Lp-PLA₂), cholesteryl ester transfer protein and paraoxonase 1 (PON 1) activities were evaluated. Correlation, regression and mediation analyses were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The group with obesity consumed more bakery products and less cereals, and presented higher myristic, palmitoleic, margaric and gamma-linolenic acids, along with lower linoleic, arachidic, gadoleic, eicosatrienoic and eicosapentaenoic (EPA) acids (<i>p</i><0.05). They also exhibited altered glucose metabolism, a more atherogenic lipid profile, higher Lp-PLA₂ and lower PON 1 activities (<i>p</i><0.05). Consumption of several food groups correlated with metabolic alterations. Different correlations between pro-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory and obesity-related fatty acids, and cardiometabolic biomarkers were found, including: myristic acid with Lp-PLA₂ (<i>r</i>=0.32, <i>p</i><0.05), EPA acid with hs-CRP (<i>r</i>=-0.36, <i>p</i><0.05) and gadoleic acid with PON1 (<i>r</i>=0.39, <i>p</i><0.05). Mediation analyses revealed fatty acids and cardiometabolic markers as mediators of the association between dietary habits and obesity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Children and adolescents with obesity presented disrupted glucose and lipid metabolism, vascular inflammation, attenuated antioxidant function and altered fatty acid composition. Direct and indirect associations between dietary habits, fatty acids, cardiometabolic markers and the presence of obesity were found.</p>","PeriodicalId":16284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis","volume":"14 2","pages":"200-218"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12145967/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144258254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lipoprotein(a) and Cardiovascular Risk in Asian Populations: A Comprehensive Review.","authors":"Jung A Kim, Nam Hoon Kim","doi":"10.12997/jla.2025.14.2.174","DOIUrl":"10.12997/jla.2025.14.2.174","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a genetically determined lipoprotein particle that plays a causal role in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), ischemic stroke, and calcific aortic valve stenosis. Structurally similar to low-density lipoprotein, Lp(a) contains apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)], which imparts unique atherogenic properties. Although Lp(a) levels vary significantly by ethnicity, East Asians generally have lower median concentrations, attributed to a higher frequency of large apo(a) isoforms and fewer high-risk <i>LPA</i> gene variants. However, even modest elevations in Lp(a) are associated with increased ASCVD risk in Asians, especially among high-risk populations. Observational studies from Asian populations have shown that elevated Lp(a) levels are linked to coronary artery calcification, myocardial infarction, stroke, and recurrent cardiovascular events. Novel therapeutic agents, including proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors, inclisiran, and antisense oligonucleotides such as pelacarsen, have demonstrated promising effects in lowering Lp(a). These therapies are currently under investigation in outcome trials, including Asian subgroups. Given the high burden of cardiovascular disease and ethnic variability in Lp(a) distribution and genetic determinants, routine measurement of Lp(a) could improve risk stratification and therapeutic decision-making. This review summarizes current evidence regarding the epidemiology, genetic background, clinical relevance, and emerging therapeutic strategies targeting Lp(a) in Asian populations, highlighting the need for population-specific thresholds and further research to guide clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":16284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis","volume":"14 2","pages":"174-187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12145969/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144258257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HDL-C and Hematologic Malignancies: A Commentary on Cohort Study.","authors":"Seung Min Chung","doi":"10.12997/jla.2025.14.2.188","DOIUrl":"10.12997/jla.2025.14.2.188","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis","volume":"14 2","pages":"188-189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12145964/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144258255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the Influence of Lipoprotein(a) and Oxidized Lipoprotein(a) on Plasminogen Activation and Fibrinolysis.","authors":"Matthew Yao, S Kent Dickeson, Karthik Dhanabalan, Sergey Solomevich, Connor Dennewitz, David Gailani, Wen-Liang Song","doi":"10.12997/jla.2025.14.2.229","DOIUrl":"10.12997/jla.2025.14.2.229","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>In the present study, we compare the influence of oxidized lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] and unoxidized Lp(a) on plasminogen activation in the process of fibrinolysis and elucidate the potential atherogenic mechanisms of oxidized Lp(a), focusing on its role in thrombosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Chromogenic substrate assays were conducted to study the kinetics of plasminogen activation. Fibrin clots were generated by incubating fibrinogen with thrombin, and plasminogen activation was triggered with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). Experiments were performed in low and high concentrations of Lp(a) or oxidized Lp(a) to evaluate their respective effects on plasmin generation. Oxidized Lp(a) was prepared by chemical oxidation of isolated Lp(a) samples.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Low concentrations of Lp(a) enhanced plasminogen activation and fibrinolysis, reflecting its physiological role. However, at higher concentrations, oxidized Lp(a) exhibited a significant inhibitory effect on plasminogen activation. Compared to unoxidized Lp(a), oxidized Lp(a) led to earlier plateauing of plasmin generation and reduced overall plasmin levels. The inhibitory effects of oxidized Lp(a) are likely due to its structural similarity to plasminogen and higher oxidized phospholipid content, which competes with plasminogen for fibrin binding-the enhanced competition with fibrin fragments and tPA by oxidized Lp(a) further impaired fibrinolysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrates that while low levels of Lp(a) may support fibrinolysis, oxidized Lp(a) impairs this process by inhibiting plasminogen activation through structural and functional competition. These findings highlight the atherogenic potential of oxidized Lp(a) and its contribution to thrombotic cardiovascular risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":16284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis","volume":"14 2","pages":"229-235"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12145965/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144258256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low Thyrotropin Levels Are Associated With an Increased Risk of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in Euthyroid Individuals: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2015.","authors":"Jin-Woo Kim, Han-Joon Bae, Jun Sung Moon, Sung-Woo Kim","doi":"10.12997/jla.2025.14.2.236","DOIUrl":"10.12997/jla.2025.14.2.236","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to determine whether thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone [TSH]) levels within the physiologic range influence the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in euthyroid individuals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional survey was conducted using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013-2015). After excluding participants with abnormal thyroid function or a history of thyroid disease or ASCVD, 2,995 euthyroid individuals aged 40-79 years were included. ASCVD risk was estimated using the 2013 and 2018 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association cardiovascular risk assessments (10-year risk, %).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants were divided into tertiles based on TSH concentration. After adjusting for confounding factors, the lowest tertile (T1) exhibited the highest ASCVD risk. This association remained significant in both male and female participants after multiple adjustments. Multiple regression analysis, controlling for confounders, indicated that the odds ratio (OR) for high ASCVD risk in T1 was significantly higher than in T2 among men, while the OR for intermediate ASCVD risk was significantly elevated in T1 compared to T2 among women.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Lower TSH levels within the physiologic range were associated with an increased risk of ASCVD in euthyroid individuals. These findings suggest that even individuals with normal thyroid function but low-normal TSH levels might benefit from interventions to reduce ASCVD risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":16284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis","volume":"14 2","pages":"236-245"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12145962/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144258258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}