You-Bin Lee, Bongsung Kim, Kyungdo Han, Jung A Kim, Eun Roh, So-Hyeon Hong, Kyung Mook Choi, Sei Hyun Baik, Hye Jin Yoo
{"title":"Combination of Statin and Ezetimibe versus Statin Monotherapy on Cardiovascular Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Incidence among Adults with Impaired Fasting Glucose: a Propensity-Matched Nationwide Cohort Study.","authors":"You-Bin Lee, Bongsung Kim, Kyungdo Han, Jung A Kim, Eun Roh, So-Hyeon Hong, Kyung Mook Choi, Sei Hyun Baik, Hye Jin Yoo","doi":"10.12997/jla.2021.10.3.303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12997/jla.2021.10.3.303","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>We investigated the effects of statin-ezetimibe combination therapy compared with statin-only treatment on the hazard of incident type 2 diabetes (T2D), myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke among adults with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) in a real-world setting.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Korean National Health Insurance Service datasets from 2002 to 2017 were used for this propensity-matched nationwide cohort study. Among 56,633 IFG patients without baseline cardiovascular disease (CVD) and/or T2D who initiated statin therapy with or without ezetimibe, 1,155 with statin-ezetimibe combination therapy were matched based on a propensity score at a 1:5 ratio with 5,775 patients who received statin monotherapy. The hazards of T2D, MI, and stroke were compared between these treatment groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The incidence rate per 1,000 person-years was 19.62 (statin monotherapy group) and 21.02 (combined treatment group) for T2D, 1.53 (statin monotherapy group) and 1.70 (combined treatment group) for MI, and 1.99 (statin monotherapy group) and 2.06 (combined treatment group) for stroke. The hazards of T2D, MI, and stroke were not significantly different between the statin monotherapy group and the statin-ezetimibe combination therapy group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The combination of ezetimibe in addition to statin treatment was not associated with a significantly different risk of T2D and CVDs compared with statin monotherapy in Korean adults with IFG.</p>","PeriodicalId":16284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis","volume":"10 3","pages":"303-312"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/89/b8/jla-10-303.PMC8473964.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39496161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kihyun Kim, Woo-Dae Bang, Kyungdo Han, Bongseong Kim, Jung Myung Lee, Hyemoon Chung
{"title":"Comparison of the Effects of High-intensity Statin Therapy with Moderate-Intensity Statin and Ezetimibe Combination Therapy on Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction: a Nationwide Cohort Study.","authors":"Kihyun Kim, Woo-Dae Bang, Kyungdo Han, Bongseong Kim, Jung Myung Lee, Hyemoon Chung","doi":"10.12997/jla.2021.10.3.291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12997/jla.2021.10.3.291","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>We compared the effects of high-intensity statin monotherapy versus moderate-intensity statin and ezetimibe combination therapy on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using the Korean National Health Insurance Service database, we screened 82,941 patients with AMI who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) between 2013 and 2016. Among them, we identified 9,908 patients treated with atorvastatin 40 mg (A40, n=4,041), atorvastatin 20 mg + ezetimibe 10 mg (A20+E10, n=233), rosuvastatin 20 mg (R20, n=5,251), or rosuvastatin 10 mg + ezetimibe 10 mg (R10+E10, n=383). The primary outcome was MACE, a composite of all-cause death, non-fatal myocardial infarction undergoing PCI, repeat revascularization, and ischemic stroke. Multivariable analyses were performed using the inverse probability of treatment weighting method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The incidence rate of MACE in the overall population was 42.97 cases per 1,000 person-years. There was no significant difference in the risk of composite outcomes of MACE between the groups. However, the R10+E10 group showed a higher risk of all-cause death (hazard ratio, 2.07; 95% confidence interval, 1.08-3.94) than the A40 group (reference group) in the weighted multivariable model.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this study, there was no significant difference in the composite outcome of MACE between high-intensity statin monotherapy and moderate-intensity statin and ezetimibe combination therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":16284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis","volume":"10 3","pages":"291-302"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/0b/91/jla-10-291.PMC8473958.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39496160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Intravital Two-photon Imaging of Dynamic Alteration of Hepatic Lipid Droplets in Fasted and Refed State.","authors":"Jieun Moon, Pilhan Kim","doi":"10.12997/jla.2021.10.3.313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12997/jla.2021.10.3.313","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The liver plays a central role in lipid metabolism. During fasting and feeding, the fatty acid trafficking between adipose tissue and liver induces accumulation and dissociation of dynamic hepatic lipid droplets (LDs). Herein, we established an intravital 2-photon imaging technique to longitudinally visualize the dynamic <i>in vivo</i> alteration of hepatic LD deposition during fasting and refeeding in the liver of live mouse.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Intravital 2-photon imaging of liver was performed to observe hepatic LD alteration induced by fasting for different periods of time, 12, 24, and 48 hours followed by refeeding. Hepatic LDs were fluorescently labelled <i>in vivo</i> by intravenous injection of Seoul-Flour 44 and visualized by custom-built intravital 2-photon microscope.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant increases of the number and size of hepatic LDs were observed by intravital 2-photon imaging of the liver after 12 hours of fasting. The degree of hepatic LD accumulation continuously increased with fasting up to 48 hours. Remarkably, with refeeding for 24 hours, the hepatic LDs accumulated by fasting were fully dissociated and the LD occupancy in the liver was recovered to the normal state.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Utilizing intravital 2-photon microscope with <i>in vivo</i> systemic fluorescent labeling of LD in live mice, dynamic alterations of hepatic LDs such as accumulation and dissociation by fasting and refeeding were successfully visualized at a subcellular level <i>in vivo</i>. The established method enabling the <i>in vivo</i> visualization of LDs will be a useful tool to investigate the pathophysiology of various diseases associated with dysregulated lipid metabolism.</p>","PeriodicalId":16284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis","volume":"10 3","pages":"313-321"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/45/d4/jla-10-313.PMC8473963.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39496162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kyoung Jin Kim, Jimi Choi, Ji Yoon Kim, Jae Hyun Bae, Kyeong Jin Kim, Hee Young Kim, Hye Jin Yoo, Ji A Seo, Nan Hee Kim, Kyung Mook Choi, Sei Hyun Baik, Sin Gon Kim, Nam Hoon Kim
{"title":"Statin Therapy and the Risk of Osteoporotic Fractures in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome: a Nested Case-Control Study.","authors":"Kyoung Jin Kim, Jimi Choi, Ji Yoon Kim, Jae Hyun Bae, Kyeong Jin Kim, Hee Young Kim, Hye Jin Yoo, Ji A Seo, Nan Hee Kim, Kyung Mook Choi, Sei Hyun Baik, Sin Gon Kim, Nam Hoon Kim","doi":"10.12997/jla.2021.10.3.322","DOIUrl":"10.12997/jla.2021.10.3.322","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>We aimed to investigate the association between statin use and the risk of major osteoporotic fractures in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A nested case-control study was performed in patients with MetS (≥50 years) who had no history of osteoporotic fracture using the Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort. This study included 17,041 patients diagnosed with new-onset osteoporotic fractures and controls matched in a 1:1 ratio by age, sex, body mass index, cohort entry date, and follow-up duration. Conditional logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate covariate-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During a 4-year follow-up period, the risk of major osteoporotic fractures was significantly reduced by 9% (OR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.85-0.97) in statin users compared with that in non-users. Among subtypes of major osteoporotic fracture, a risk reduction with statin therapy was significant for vertebral fracture (OR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.79-0.94) but not for non-vertebral fracture (OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.88-1.06). Longer duration (OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.96-0.99, per 1-year increase) and higher cumulative dose (OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.95-0.99, per 365 defined daily doses) of statins were negatively associated with the risk of major osteoporotic fracture.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study supports the hypothesis that statin therapy has a beneficial effect on major osteoporotic fractures, especially vertebral fractures, in patients with MetS.</p>","PeriodicalId":16284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis","volume":"10 3","pages":"322-333"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b1/75/jla-10-322.PMC8473960.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39498507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jibeom Lee, Suhyeon Park, Yumin Kim, Hyun Min Kim, C. Oh
{"title":"Exploring the Genetic Associations Between the Use of Statins and Alzheimer's Disease","authors":"Jibeom Lee, Suhyeon Park, Yumin Kim, Hyun Min Kim, C. Oh","doi":"10.12997/jla.2022.11.2.133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12997/jla.2022.11.2.133","url":null,"abstract":"Objective Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. The statins have shown beneficial effects on cognitive functions and reduced the risk of dementia development. However, the exact mechanisms of statin effects in AD are not yet fully understood. In this study, we aimed to explore the underlying mechanisms of statin on AD. Methods We downloaded AD blood dataset (GSE63060) and statin-related blood gene expression dataset (GSE86216). Then we performed gene expression analysis of each dataset and compared blood gene expressions between AD patients and statin-treated patients. Then, we downloaded mouse embryonic neural stem cell dataset (GSE111945) and performed gene expression analysis. Results From the human blood dataset, we identified upregulated/downregulated genes in AD patients and statin-treated patients. Some of the upregulated genes (AEN, MBTPS1, ABCG1) in the blood of AD patients are downregulated in statin-treated patients. Several downregulated genes (FGL2, HMGCS1, PSME2, SRSF3, and ATG3) are upregulated in statin-treated patients. Gene set enrichment analysis using mouse stem cell dataset revealed a significant relationship of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes-defined pathway of AD in statin-treated neural stem cells compared to vehicle-treated neural stem cells (normalized enrichment score: −2.24 in male and −1.6 in female). Conclusion These gene expression analyses from human blood and mouse neural stem cell demonstrate the important clues on the molecular mechanisms of impacts of statin on AD disease. Further studies are needed to investigate the exact role of candidate genes and pathways suggested in our AD pathogenesis study.","PeriodicalId":16284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis","volume":"11 1","pages":"133 - 146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44888929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Zebrafish Vascular Development: General and Tissue-Specific Regulation.","authors":"Hiroyuki Nakajima, Ayano Chiba, Moe Fukumoto, Nanami Morooka, Naoki Mochizuki","doi":"10.12997/jla.2021.10.2.145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12997/jla.2021.10.2.145","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Circulation is required for the delivery of oxygen and nutrition to tissues and organs, as well as waste collection. Therefore, the heart and vessels develop first during embryogenesis. The circulatory system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood cells, which originate from the mesoderm. The gene expression pattern required for blood vessel development is predetermined by the hierarchical and sequential regulation of genes for the differentiation of mesodermal cells. Herein, we review how blood vessels form distinctly in different tissues or organs of zebrafish and how vessel formation is universally or tissue-specifically regulated by signal transduction pathways and blood flow. In addition, the unsolved issues of mutual contacts and interplay of circulatory organs during embryogenesis are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":16284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis","volume":"10 2","pages":"145-159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/03/fd/jla-10-145.PMC8159758.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39000281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amy Botta, Nicole G Barra, Nhat Hung Lam, Samantha Chow, Kostas Pantopoulos, Jonathan D Schertzer, Gary Sweeney
{"title":"Iron Reshapes the Gut Microbiome and Host Metabolism.","authors":"Amy Botta, Nicole G Barra, Nhat Hung Lam, Samantha Chow, Kostas Pantopoulos, Jonathan D Schertzer, Gary Sweeney","doi":"10.12997/jla.2021.10.2.160","DOIUrl":"10.12997/jla.2021.10.2.160","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Compelling studies have established that the gut microbiome is a modifier of metabolic health. Changes in the composition of the gut microbiome are influenced by genetics and the environment, including diet. Iron is a potential node of crosstalk between the host-microbe relationship and metabolic disease. Although iron is well characterized as a frequent traveling companion of metabolic disease, the role of iron is underappreciated because the mechanisms of iron's influence on host metabolism are poorly characterized. Both iron deficiency and excessive amounts leading to iron overload can have detrimental effects on cardiometabolic health. Optimal iron homeostasis is critical for regulation of host immunity and metabolism in addition to regulation of commensal and pathogenic enteric bacteria. In this article we review evidence to support the notion that altering composition of the gut microbiome may be an important route via which iron impacts cardiometabolic health. We discuss reshaping of the microbiome by iron, the physiological significance and the potential for therapeutic interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":16284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis","volume":"10 2","pages":"160-183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/80/7b/jla-10-160.PMC8159756.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39068541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Role of Vitamin D in Adipose Tissue Biology: Adipocyte Differentiation, Energy Metabolism, and Inflammation.","authors":"Chan Yoon Park, Sung Nim Han","doi":"10.12997/jla.2021.10.2.130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12997/jla.2021.10.2.130","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adipose tissue is composed of diverse cell types and plays a major role in energy homeostasis and inflammation at the local and systemic levels. Adipose tissue serves as the main site for vitamin D storage and is among the most important extraskeletal targets of vitamin D which can modulate multiple aspects of adipose tissue biology. Vitamin D may exert inhibitory or stimulatory effects on adipocyte differentiation depending on cell type, stage of differentiation, and the treatment time point. Moreover, vitamin D controls energy metabolism in adipose tissue by affecting fatty acid oxidation, expression of uncoupling proteins, insulin resistance, and adipokine production. Adipose tissue inflammation can have a significant impact on the metabolic disorders often associated with obesity, and vitamin D can modulate the inflammatory response of immune cells and adipocytes within the adipose tissue. This review discusses the role of adipose tissue in vitamin D metabolism, as well as the regulatory role of vitamin D in adipocyte differentiation, adipose tissue energy metabolism, and inflammation, thereby providing insights into the importance of vitamin D in adipose tissue biology.</p>","PeriodicalId":16284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis","volume":"10 2","pages":"130-144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/de/d9/jla-10-130.PMC8159757.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38999837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fernando F Anhê, Benjamin A H Jensen, Lais Rossi Perazza, André Tchernof, Jonathan D Schertzer, André Marette
{"title":"Bacterial Postbiotics as Promising Tools to Mitigate Cardiometabolic Diseases.","authors":"Fernando F Anhê, Benjamin A H Jensen, Lais Rossi Perazza, André Tchernof, Jonathan D Schertzer, André Marette","doi":"10.12997/jla.2021.10.2.123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12997/jla.2021.10.2.123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gut microbes dictate critical features of host immunometabolism. Certain bacterial components and metabolites (termed postbiotics) mitigate cardiometabolic diseases whereas others potentiate pathological processes. In this review, we discuss key aspects related to the usefulness of bacterial-related molecules strategically positioned as promising treatment strategies for cardiometabolic diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":16284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis","volume":"10 2","pages":"123-129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ec/bc/jla-10-123.PMC8159759.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38999836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daehong Kim, Hayeon Chung, Jeong-Eun Lee, Jiyeon Kim, Junseok Hwang, Yeonseok Chung
{"title":"Immunologic Aspects of Dyslipidemia: a Critical Regulator of Adaptive Immunity and Immune Disorders.","authors":"Daehong Kim, Hayeon Chung, Jeong-Eun Lee, Jiyeon Kim, Junseok Hwang, Yeonseok Chung","doi":"10.12997/jla.2021.10.2.184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12997/jla.2021.10.2.184","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dyslipidemia is a major cause of cardiovascular diseases which represent a leading cause of death in humans. Diverse immune cells are known to be involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. Conversely, dyslipidemia is known to be tightly associated with immune disorders in humans, as evidenced by a higher incidence of atherosclerosis in patients with autoimmune diseases including psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Given that the dyslipidemia-related autoimmune diseases are caused by autoreactive T cells and B cells, dyslipidemia seems to directly or indirectly regulate the adaptive immunity. Indeed, accumulating evidence has unveiled that proatherogenic factors can impact the differentiation and function of CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells, CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells, and B cells. This review discusses an updated overview on the regulation of adaptive immunity by dyslipidemia and proposes a potential therapeutic strategy for immune disorders by targeting lipid metabolism.</p>","PeriodicalId":16284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis","volume":"10 2","pages":"184-201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/25/41/jla-10-184.PMC8159760.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39068540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}