Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis最新文献

{"title":"Response to Letter Regarding Article, \"Cardiovascular Outcomes Comparison of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors Versus Sulfonylurea as Add-on Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: a Meta-Analysis\".","authors":"Kyung Woo Park","doi":"10.12997/jla.2022.11.1.87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12997/jla.2022.11.1.87","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This retracts the article on p. 210 in vol. 10, PMID: 34095013.].</p>","PeriodicalId":16284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis","volume":"11 1","pages":"87-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/1c/fe/jla-11-87.PMC8792815.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39888344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolism and Health Impacts of Dietary Sugars.","authors":"Yasmine Henna Alam, Raymond Kim, Cholsoon Jang","doi":"10.12997/jla.2022.11.1.20","DOIUrl":"10.12997/jla.2022.11.1.20","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Consumption of excessive amounts of added sugars and their effects on human health has been a major concern in the last several decades. Epidemiological data suggest that the incidence of metabolic disorders, such as obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, cardiovascular disease and diabetes, has increased due to chronic surplus consumption of these sugars. While many of these sugars have been isolated and studied for centuries, their health impacts and exact underlying mechanisms are still unclear. In this review, we discuss the pathophysiological role of 6 major simple sugars present in the human diet and the biochemical and molecular pathways related to their metabolism by different organs and gut microbiota, with a focus on the most recent investigations.</p>","PeriodicalId":16284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis","volume":"11 1","pages":"20-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c2/f4/jla-11-20.PMC8792817.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39887879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Profiling of RNA-binding Proteins Interacting With Glucagon and Adipokinetic Hormone mRNAs.","authors":"Seungbeom Ko, Eunbyul Yeom, Yoo Lim Chun, Hyejin Mun, Marina Howard-McGuire, Nathan T Millison, Junyang Jung, Kwang-Pyo Lee, Changhan Lee, Kyu-Sun Lee, Joe R Delaney, Je-Hyun Yoon","doi":"10.12997/jla.2022.11.1.55","DOIUrl":"10.12997/jla.2022.11.1.55","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Glucagon in mammals and its homolog (adipokinetic hormone [AKH] in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>) are peptide hormones which regulate lipid metabolism by breaking down triglycerides. Although regulatory mechanisms of glucagon and AKH expression have been widely studied, post-transcriptional gene expression of glucagon has not been investigated thoroughly. In this study, we aimed to profile proteins binding with <i>Gcg</i> messenger RNA (mRNA) in mouse and <i>Akh</i> mRNA in Drosophila.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Drosophila Schneider 2 (S2) and mouse 3T3-L1 cell lysates were utilized for affinity pull down of <i>Akh</i> and <i>Gcg</i> mRNA respectively using biotinylated anti-sense DNA oligoes against target mRNAs. Mass spectrometry and computational network analysis revealed mRNA-interacting proteins residing in functional proximity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We observed that 1) 91 proteins interact with <i>Akh</i> mRNA from S2 cell lysates, 2) 34 proteins interact with <i>Gcg</i> mRNA from 3T3-L1 cell lysates. 3) <i>Akh</i> mRNA interactome revealed clusters of ribosomes and known RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). 4) <i>Gcg</i> mRNA interactome revealed mRNA-binding proteins including Plekha7, zinc finger protein, carboxylase, lipase, histone proteins and a cytochrome, Cyp2c44. 5) Levels of <i>Gcg</i> mRNA and its interacting proteins are elevated in skeletal muscles isolated from old mice compared to ones from young mice.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong><i>Akh</i> mRNA in S2 cells are under active translation in a complex of RBPs and ribosomes. <i>Gcg</i> mRNA in mouse precursor adipocyte is in a condition distinct from <i>Akh</i> mRNA due to biochemical interactions with a subset of RBPs and histones. We anticipate that our study contributes to investigating regulatory mechanisms of <i>Gcg</i> and <i>Akh</i> mRNA decay, translation, and localization.</p>","PeriodicalId":16284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis","volume":"11 1","pages":"55-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b8/9d/jla-11-55.PMC8792818.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39888341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter by Awadhesh Kumar Singh Regarding Article, \"Cardiovascular Outcomes Comparison of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors Versus Sulfonylurea as Add-on Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis\".","authors":"Awadhesh Kumar Singh,&nbsp;Ritu Singh","doi":"10.12997/jla.2022.11.1.84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12997/jla.2022.11.1.84","url":null,"abstract":"We read the manuscript by Jeon et al.1 on “Cardiovascular Outcomes Comparison of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors versus Sulfonylurea as Add-on Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: a Meta-Analysis” published in your esteemed journal with great interest and applaud the authors for conducting such a high-quality meta-analysis. However, we noticed few major errors in this meta-analysis that need correction, in order to assist the conclusion. First, regarding the interpretation of ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) outcome between DPP-4 inhibitors (DPP-4Is) and sulfonylureas (SUs)—while authors have reported that DPP-4Is were associated with a higher risk of ischemic stroke or TIA (random-effect risk ratio [RR], 2.78; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06–7.30; p=0.065; I2=51.9%) when compared to SUs from the analysis of 6 studies (5 randomized controlled trials [RCTs] and 1 prospective study), after the adjustment through the trim and fill method (excluding one small study that showed bias in ischemic stroke analysis) there was no significant difference in ischemic stroke between SUs and DPP4-Is (random-effect RR, 1.28; 95% CI, 0.50–3.29; p=0.612). Intriguingly, while title of this meta-analysis suggests a comparison of cardiovascular outcomes with DPP-4Is vs. SUs as an add-on therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus, all analysis were done in reverse order i.e., SUs vs. DPP-4Is. In fact, the forest plot made by the authors itself suggests a rather 2.8-fold increase in relative risk of ischemic stroke or TIA in SUs recipients compared to DPP-4Is not the vice versa, as interpreted by the authors. Although reversing the order may not change the final results of any outcome, interpretations would be mistaken and funnel plot could be misleading, as in this case. Indeed, when we re-analyzed the ischemic stroke or TIA data from the same selected six studies (having exactly the same number of events and patients) using Comprehensive metaanalysis software version 3, Biostat Inc. Englewood, NJ, USA, we found a significantly 63% lesser relative risk amongst DPP-4Is recipients (random-effect RR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.14–0.95; p=0.039) compared to SUs, with a similar insignificant albeit moderate heterogeneity (I2= 51.4%; p=0.068) (Fig. 1). Interestingly, in our analysis, funnel plot found no publication bias, and the Trim and Fill method computed the same result (Supplementary Fig. 1). These findings do suggest J Lipid Atheroscler. 2022 Jan;11(1):84-86 https://doi.org/10.12997/jla.2022.11.1.84 pISSN 2287-2892·eISSN 2288-2561","PeriodicalId":16284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis","volume":"11 1","pages":"84-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/6a/de/jla-11-84.PMC8792819.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39888343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SGLT2 Inhibitors and Ketone Metabolism in Heart Failure.","authors":"Huitzilihuitl Saucedo-Orozco, Suzanne N Voorrips, Salva R Yurista, Rudolf A de Boer, B Daan Westenbrink","doi":"10.12997/jla.2022.11.1.1","DOIUrl":"10.12997/jla.2022.11.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have emerged as powerful drugs that can be used to treat heart failure (HF) patients, both with preserved and reduced ejection fraction and in the presence or absence of type 2 diabetes. While the mechanisms underlying the salutary effects of SGLT2 inhibitors have not been fully elucidated, there is clear evidence for a beneficial metabolic effect of these drugs. In this review, we discuss the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on cardiac energy provision secondary to ketone bodies, pathological ventricular remodeling, and inflammation in patients with HF. While the specific contribution of ketone bodies to the pleiotropic cardiovascular benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors requires further clarification, ketone bodies themselves may also be used as a therapy for HF.</p>","PeriodicalId":16284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/3f/19/jla-11-1.PMC8792821.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39887878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic Value of Baseline Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Combined With Anemia in Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Nationwide Prospective Cohort Study","authors":"K. Cho, M. Shin, Min Chul Kim, D. Sim, Y. Hong, Ju Han Kim, Youngkeun Ahn, S. Chae, I. Seong, Jongseon Park, C. Yoon, S. Hur, Sang Rok Lee, M. Jeong","doi":"10.12997/jla.2022.11.2.147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12997/jla.2022.11.2.147","url":null,"abstract":"Objective Data pertaining to the prognostic value of the combination of high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and anemia on admission in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) are limited. The objective of this study was to investigate the clinical value of baseline NLR in combination with anemia in predicting clinical outcomes after STEMI. Methods A total of 5,194 consecutive patients with STEMI within 12 hours of symptom onset from the Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry-National Institute of Health database between 2011 and 2015 were categorized into 4 groups according to their NLR and hemoglobin levels: low NLR (<4) without anemia (n=2,722; reference group); high NLR (≥4) without anemia (n=1,527); low NLR with anemia (n=508); and high NLR with anemia (n=437). The co-primary outcomes were 180-day and 3-year all-cause mortality. Results Mortality rates significantly increased at the 3-year follow-up across the groups (3.3% vs. 5.4% vs. 16.5% vs. 21.7% for 180-day mortality and 5.3% vs. 9.0% vs. 23.8% vs. 33.4% for 3-year mortality; all p-trends <0.001). After adjusting for baseline covariates, the combination of high NLR and anemia was a significant predictor of 180-day mortality after STEMI with low NLR and no anemia as the reference (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.16; 95% confidence interval, 1.58–2.95; p<0.001). Similar findings were observed for the 3-year mortality. Conclusions This nationwide prospective cohort study showed that the combination of high NLR (≥4) and anemia is a strong predictor of all-cause mortality after STEMI.","PeriodicalId":16284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis","volume":"11 1","pages":"147 - 160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45130931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding and Utilizing Claim Data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) and Health Insurance Review & Assessment (HIRA) Database for Research","authors":"Dae-Sung Kyoung, Hun‐Sung Kim","doi":"10.12997/jla.2022.11.2.103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12997/jla.2022.11.2.103","url":null,"abstract":"Almost every Korean (97%) is enrolled in the National Health Insurance program, and most receive medical treatment at least once a year. Data are collected by the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA), and the results of the review are sent to the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS). The data handled by NHIS and HIRA cover almost the entire population and can be used for various research purposes. NHIS and HIRA support research by making these data available to researchers. The greatest advantage of these data is that they are the only data which include virtually the entire population. Both HIRA and NHIS data are provided in the form of sample data and all (customized) data. NHIS and HIRA data are similar but exhibit minor differences. HIRA data consists of five tables, including general specification details, in-hospital treatment details, disease details, out-of-hospital prescription details, and nursing institution information. NHIS data include death records (including cause of death), some medical examination records, and the socio-economic variables of the subject, such as income, in addition to all the HIRA data. Clinical results of treatments are not recorded in NHIS or HIRA. However, because public data are used for billing purposes, actual research has thus far been limited. Therefore, researchers must develop a study design that can minimize the errors or bias occurring during the course of the study. Therefore, it is necessary to clearly understand the structure and characteristics of NHIS and HIRA data when initiating research.","PeriodicalId":16284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis","volume":"11 1","pages":"103 - 110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42651461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulation of Macrophage Activation and Differentiation in Atherosclerosis.","authors":"Sung Ho Park","doi":"10.12997/jla.2021.10.3.251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12997/jla.2021.10.3.251","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of atherosclerosis and macrophages play a central role in controlling inflammation at all stages of atherosclerosis. In atherosclerosis, macrophages and monocyte-derived macrophages are continuously exposed to cholesterol, oxidized lipids, cell debris, cytokines, and chemokines. Not only do these stimuli induce a specific macrophage phenotype, but they also interact extensively, leading to macrophage heterogeneity in atherosclerotic plaques. Herein, we review the diverse phenotypes of macrophages, the mechanisms underlying macrophage activation, and the contributions of macrophages to atherosclerosis in this context. We also summarize recent studies on foamy macrophages and monocyte-derived macrophages in plaque during disease progression. We provide a comprehensive overview of transcriptional, epigenetic, and metabolic reprogramming of macrophages and discuss the emerging concepts of targeting cytokines and macrophages to modulate atherosclerosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":16284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis","volume":"10 3","pages":"251-267"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/61/34/jla-10-251.PMC8473962.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39496157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prospect of Artificial Intelligence Based on Electronic Medical Record.","authors":"Suehyun Lee,&nbsp;Hun-Sung Kim","doi":"10.12997/jla.2021.10.3.282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12997/jla.2021.10.3.282","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With the advent of the big data era, the interest of the international community is focusing on increasing the utilization of medical big data. Many hospitals are attempting to increase the efficiency of their operations and patient management by adopting artificial intelligence (AI) technology that enables the use of electronic medical record (EMR) data. EMR includes information about a patient's health history, such as diagnoses, medicines, tests, allergies, immunizations, treatment plans, personalized medical care, and improvement of medical quality and safety. EMR data can also be used for AI-based new drug development. In particular, it is effective to develop AI that can predict the occurrence of specific diseases or provide individualized customized treatments by classifying the individualized characteristics of patients. In order to improve performance of artificial intelligence research using EMR data, standardization and refinement of data are essential. In addition, since EMR data deal with sensitive personal information of patients, it is also vital to protect the patient's privacy. There are already various supports for the use of EMR data in the Korean government, and researchers are encouraged to be proactive.</p>","PeriodicalId":16284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis","volume":"10 3","pages":"282-290"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c4/21/jla-10-282.PMC8473961.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39496158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Complex Tail of Circulating Sphingolipids in Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Disease.","authors":"Iris D Zelnik,&nbsp;Jiyoon L Kim,&nbsp;Anthony H Futerman","doi":"10.12997/jla.2021.10.3.268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12997/jla.2021.10.3.268","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sphingolipids (SLs) are critical players in a number of cellular processes and have recently been implicated in a large number of human diseases, including atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD). SLs are generated intracellularly in a stepwise manner, starting with the generation of the sphingoid long chain base (LCB), followed by <i>N</i>-acylation of the LCB to form ceramide, which can be subsequently metabolized to sphingomyelin and glycosphingolipids. Fatty acids, which are taken up by cells prior to their activation to fatty acyl-CoAs, are used in 2 of these enzymatic steps, including by ceramide synthases, which use fatty acyl-CoAs of different chain lengths to generate ceramides with different <i>N</i>-acyl chain lengths. Recently, alterations in plasma ceramides with specific <i>N</i>-acyl chain lengths and degrees of saturation have emerged as novel biomarkers for the prediction of atherosclerosis and overall cardiovascular risk in the general population. We briefly review the sources of plasma SLs in atherosclerosis, the roles of SLs in CVD, and the possible use of the \"ceramide score\" as a prognostic marker for CVD.</p>","PeriodicalId":16284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis","volume":"10 3","pages":"268-281"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/17/a2/jla-10-268.PMC8473959.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39496159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}