Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis最新文献

{"title":"Beneficial Role of Vitamin D on Endothelial Progenitor Cells (EPCs) in Cardiovascular Diseases.","authors":"Atanu Sen,&nbsp;Vinnyfred Vincent,&nbsp;Himani Thakkar,&nbsp;Ransi Abraham,&nbsp;Lakshmy Ramakrishnan","doi":"10.12997/jla.2022.11.3.229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12997/jla.2022.11.3.229","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death in the world. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are currently being explored in the context of CVD risk. EPCs are bone marrow derived progenitor cells involved in postnatal endothelial repair and neovascularization. A large body of evidence from clinical, animal, and <i>in vitro</i> studies have shown that EPC numbers in circulation and their functionality reflect endogenous vascular regenerative capacity. Traditionally vitamin D is known to be beneficial for bone health and calcium metabolism and in the last two decades, its role in influencing CVD and cancer risk has generated significant interest. Observational studies have shown that low vitamin D levels are associated with an adverse cardiovascular risk profile. Still, Mendelian randomization studies and randomized control trials (RCTs) have not shown significant effects of vitamin D on cardiovascular events. The criticism regarding the RCTs on vitamin D and CVD is that they were not designed to investigate cardiovascular outcomes in vitamin D-deficient individuals. Overall, the association between vitamin D and CVD remains inconclusive. Recent clinical and experimental studies have demonstrated the beneficial role of vitamin D in increasing the circulatory level of EPC as well as their functionality. In this review we present evidence supporting the beneficial role of vitamin D in CVD through its modulation of EPC homeostasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":16284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis","volume":"11 3","pages":"229-249"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c1/ac/jla-11-229.PMC9515729.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33497684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Triglyceride-Glucose Index Can Predict Long-Term Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Turkish Patients With High Cardiovascular Risk.","authors":"Mert İlker Hayıroğlu,&nbsp;Tufan Çınar,&nbsp;Vedat Çiçek,&nbsp;Ali Palice,&nbsp;Görkem Ayhan,&nbsp;Ahmet İlker Tekkeşin","doi":"10.12997/jla.2022.11.3.280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12997/jla.2022.11.3.280","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>There is an evidence gap regarding the predictive accuracy of the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index for long-term major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in individuals with high cardiovascular risk. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the predictive value of the TyG index for long-term MACEs in patients at high cardiovascular risk.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In total, 483 patients with high cardiovascular risk were included in this analysis. The study population was separated into 2 groups depending on the occurrence of long-term MACEs. The independent predictors of long-term MACEs in patients with high cardiovascular risk were investigated. The long-term prognostic value of the TyG index in these patients was evaluated in terms of MACEs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Age, male sex, diabetes mellitus, and the TyG index were demonstrated to be independent predictors of long-term MACE occurrence in patients with high cardiovascular risk. The TyG index was independently related to long-term MACEs in patients with high cardiovascular risk (hazard ratio, 1.003; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.001-1.006; <i>p</i>=0.011). The receiver operating characteristic curve revealed that the optimum value of the TyG index to predict long-term MACEs in the overall study cohort was >9.68, with 65% sensitivity and 63% specificity (area under the curve, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.65-0.77; <i>p</i><0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The TyG index was demonstrated to be an independent predictor of long-term MACE occurrence in patients with high cardiovascular risk who had not been previously diagnosed with cardiovascular disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":16284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis","volume":"11 3","pages":"280-287"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/5d/07/jla-11-280.PMC9515730.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33496071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Opposing View: A Blind Faith in Meta-Analyses in Academia Could Be a Threat to Public Health.","authors":"Jae Hyun Bae","doi":"10.12997/jla.2022.11.3.308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12997/jla.2022.11.3.308","url":null,"abstract":"for all-cause mortality, 1.3% (95% CI, 0.9%–1.7%) for myocardial infarction, and 0.4% (95% CI, 0.2%–0.6%) for stroke in people who received statins compared with placebo or usual care. The relative risk reduction (RRR) was 9% (95% CI, 5%–14%), 29% (95% CI, 22%–34%), and 14% (95% CI, 5%–22%), respectively. These findings were consistent in primary prevention and secondary prevention populations. However, significant clinical and statistical heterogeneity was observed depending on the outcomes and study populations.","PeriodicalId":16284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis","volume":"11 3","pages":"308-313"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/15/04/jla-11-308.PMC9515736.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33496073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2022 Consensus Statement on the Management of Familial Hypercholesterolemia in Korea.","authors":"Chan Joo Lee,&nbsp;Minjae Yoon,&nbsp;Hyun-Jae Kang,&nbsp;Byung Jin Kim,&nbsp;Sung Hee Choi,&nbsp;In-Kyung Jeong,&nbsp;Sang-Hak Lee","doi":"10.12997/jla.2022.11.3.213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12997/jla.2022.11.3.213","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is the most common monogenic disorder. Due to the marked elevation of cardiovascular risk, the early detection, diagnosis, and proper management of this disorder are critical. Herein, the 2022 Korean guidance on this disease is presented. Clinical features include severely elevated low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, tendon xanthomas, and premature coronary artery disease. Clinical diagnostic criteria include clinical findings, family history, or pathogenic mutations in the <i>LDLR</i>, <i>APOB</i>, or <i>PCSK9</i>. Proper suspicion of individuals with typical characteristics is essential for screening. Cascade screening is known to be the most efficient diagnostic approach. Early initiation of lipid-lowering therapy and the control of other risk factors are important. The first-line pharmacological treatment is statins, followed by ezetimibe, and PCSK9 inhibitors as required. The ideal treatment targets are 50% reduction and <70 mg/dL or <55 mg/dL (in the presence of vascular disease) of LDL-C, although less strict targets are frequently used. Homozygous FH is characterized by untreated LDL-C >500 mg/dL, xanthoma since childhood, and family history. In children, the diagnosis is made with criteria, including items largely similar to those of adults. In women, lipid-lowering agents need to be discontinued before conception.</p>","PeriodicalId":16284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis","volume":"11 3","pages":"213-228"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/65/ed/jla-11-213.PMC9515735.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33497679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NAD⁺ and Vascular Dysfunction: From Mechanisms to Therapeutic Opportunities.","authors":"Mahmoud Abdellatif, Heiko Bugger, Guido Kroemer, Simon Sedej","doi":"10.12997/jla.2022.11.2.111","DOIUrl":"10.12997/jla.2022.11.2.111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺) is an essential and pleiotropic coenzyme involved not only in cellular energy metabolism, but also in cell signaling, epigenetic regulation, and post-translational protein modifications. Vascular disease risk factors are associated with aberrant NAD⁺ metabolism. Conversely, the therapeutic increase of NAD⁺ levels through the administration of NAD⁺ precursors or inhibitors of NAD⁺-consuming enzymes reduces chronic low-grade inflammation, reactivates autophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis, and enhances oxidative metabolism in vascular cells of humans and rodents with vascular pathologies. As such, NAD⁺ has emerged as a potential target for combatting age-related cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disorders. This review discusses NAD⁺-regulated mechanisms critical for vascular health and summarizes new advances in NAD⁺ research directly related to vascular aging and disease, including hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and aortic aneurysms. Finally, we enumerate challenges and opportunities for NAD⁺ repletion therapy while anticipating the future of this exciting research field, which will have a major impact on vascular medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":16284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis","volume":"11 1","pages":"111-132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9133775/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45404193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Oxidized Linoleic Acids Modulate Fatty Acids in Mice","authors":"Chinedu C Ochin, T. Wilson, M. Garelnabi","doi":"10.12997/jla.2022.11.2.197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12997/jla.2022.11.2.197","url":null,"abstract":"Objective An elevated concentration of oxidized lipids along with the abnormal accumulation of lipids has been linked to the formation of atheromatous plaque and the development of cardiovascular diseases. This study aims to investigate if consumption of different concentrations of dietary oxidized linoleic acid alters the distribution of long chain fatty acids (LCFAs) within the liver relative to plasma in mice. Methods C57BL/6 male mice (n = 40) were divided into 4 groups: Standard chow as plain control (P group, n =10), Chow supplemented with linoleic acid 9 mg/mouse/day, linoleic control (C group, n=0), oxidized linoleic acid; 9 mg/mouse/day (A group, n=10) and oxidized linoleic acid 18 mg/mouse/day diet (B group, n=10). Liver and plasma samples were extracted, trans-esterified and subsequently analyzed using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for LCFAs; palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and arachidonic acid. Results LCFA methyl esters were eluted and identified based on their respective physiochemical characteristics of GCMS assay with inter assay coefficient of variation percentage (CV%, 1.81–5.28%), limits of quantification and limit of detection values (2.021–11.402 mg/mL and 1.016–4.430 mg/mL) respectively. Correlation analysis of liver and plasma lipids of the mice groups yielded coefficients (r=0.96, 0.6, 0.8 and 0.33) with fatty acid percentage total of (16%, 10%, 16% and 58%) for the P, C, A and B groups respectively. Conclusion The sustained consumption of a diet rich in oxidized linoleic acid disrupted fatty acid metabolism. The intake also resulted in elevated concentration of LCFAs that are precursors of bioactive metabolite molecule.","PeriodicalId":16284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis","volume":"11 1","pages":"197 - 210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42397335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Triglyceride-Glucose Index Is a Useful Marker for Predicting Future Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality in Young Korean Adults: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study","authors":"Y. Cho, K. Han, Hwi Seung Kim, C. Jung, J. Park, W. Lee","doi":"10.12997/jla.2022.11.2.178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12997/jla.2022.11.2.178","url":null,"abstract":"Objective The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, the product of fasting triglycerides and glucose, is a useful and cost-effective marker of insulin resistance (IR). Furthermore, the TyG index is a known IR screening tool in healthy young adults but not in those with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the TyG index as a predictor of CVD in healthy young adults. Methods This study enrolled 6,675,424 adults aged 20–39 years without CVD from the National Health Information Database. We categorized them by TyG index quartile from 2009–2017. The study outcomes were stroke, myocardial infarction (MI), and mortality. All outcomes were analyzed by Cox proportional hazards regression analysis while controlling for baseline covariates. Results During a mean 7.4 years of follow-up, 8,506 cases of stroke, 12,312 cases of MI, and 22,667 deaths were recorded. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for participants in the highest TyG index quartile demonstrated that they were at higher risk for stroke (HR, 1.253; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.167–1.346), MI (HR, 1.258; 95% CI, 1.187–1.334), and mortality (HR, 1.151; 95% CI, 1.104–1.200) than those in the lowest TyG index quartile independent of age, sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, income, body mass index, blood pressure, and total cholesterol. The HRs for outcomes in the highest quartiles were higher when the TyG index was applied than when triglyceride or fasting glucose alone was applied. Conclusion TyG index, a simple measure reflecting IR, can predict CVD and mortality in young and healthy populations.","PeriodicalId":16284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis","volume":"11 1","pages":"178 - 186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42594638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attainment of Lipid Targets Following Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: Can We Do Better?","authors":"N. Lan, U. Ali, B. Yeap, P. G. Fegan, R. Larbalestier, D. Bell","doi":"10.12997/jla.2022.11.2.187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12997/jla.2022.11.2.187","url":null,"abstract":"Objective Patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery remain at high cardiovascular risk; however, few studies have evaluated lipid management and attainment of lipid targets in these patients. We investigated the proportion of CABG surgery patients who attained low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) targets. Methods Data were retrospectively obtained from patients undergoing CABG surgery at an Australian tertiary hospital between February 2015 and August 2020. The most recent lipid profile was recorded (at least 3 weeks post-operatively). We studied patients with electronically available data to ensure accuracy. Target LDL-C was defined as <1.4 (54 mg/dL) and <1.8 mmol/L (70 mg/dL), and target non-HDL-C as <2.2 (85 mg/dL) and <2.6 mmol/L (100 mg/dL), as per the 2019 and 2016 European dyslipidaemia guidelines, respectively. Results Follow-up lipid results were available for 484 patients (median post-operative follow-up, 483 days; interquartile range, 177.5–938.75 days). The mean age was 62.7±10.5 years and 387 (80.1%) were male. At discharge, 469 (96.9%) patients were prescribed statins, 425 (90.6%) high-intensity. Ezetimibe was prescribed for 62 (12.8%) patients and a proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 inhibitor for 1. LDL-C levels <1.4 and <1.8 mmol/L were attained in 118 (24.4%) and 231 (47.7%) patients, respectively, and non-HDL-C levels <2.2 and <2.6 mmol/L in 140 (28.9%) and 237 (49.0%) patients, respectively. Conclusion The use of non-statin lipid-lowering therapies was limited, and many CABG surgery patients did not attain lipid targets despite high-intensity statins. Further studies are required to optimise lipid management in this very high-risk population.","PeriodicalId":16284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis","volume":"11 1","pages":"187 - 196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41936969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Short Term Adiponectin Receptor Agonism on Cardiac Function and Energetics in Diabetic db/db Mice","authors":"Aleksandre Tarkhnishvili, C. Koentges, K. Pfeil, J. Gollmer, Nikole J. Byrne, I. Vosko, Julia Lueg, Laura Vogelbacher, S. Birkle, Sibai Tang, Timothy Bon-Nawul Mwinyella, M. Hoffmann, K. Odening, N. Michel, D. Wolf, P. Stachon, I. Hilgendorf, M. Wallner, Senka (Ljubojevic) Holzer, D. von Lewinski, P. Rainer, S. Sedej, H. Sourij, C. Bode, A. Zirlik, H. Bugger","doi":"10.12997/jla.2022.11.2.161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12997/jla.2022.11.2.161","url":null,"abstract":"Objective Impaired cardiac efficiency is a hallmark of diabetic cardiomyopathy in models of type 2 diabetes. Adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) deficiency impairs cardiac efficiency in non-diabetic mice, suggesting that hypoadiponectinemia in type 2 diabetes may contribute to impaired cardiac efficiency due to compromised AdipoR1 signaling. Thus, we investigated whether targeting cardiac adiponectin receptors may improve cardiac function and energetics, and attenuate diabetic cardiomyopathy in type 2 diabetic mice. Methods A non-selective adiponectin receptor agonist, AdipoRon, and vehicle were injected intraperitoneally into Eight-week-old db/db or C57BLKS/J mice for 10 days. Cardiac morphology and function were evaluated by echocardiography and working heart perfusions. Results Based on echocardiography, AdipoRon treatment did not alter ejection fraction, left ventricular diameters or left ventricular wall thickness in db/db mice compared to vehicle-treated mice. In isolated working hearts, an impairment in cardiac output and efficiency in db/db mice was not improved by AdipoRon. Mitochondrial respiratory capacity, respiration in the presence of oligomycin, and 4-hydroxynonenal levels were similar among all groups. However, AdipoRon induced a marked shift in the substrate oxidation pattern in db/db mice towards increased reliance on glucose utilization. In parallel, the diabetes-associated increase in serum triglyceride levels in vehicle-treated db/db mice was blunted by AdipoRon treatment, while an increase in myocardial triglycerides in vehicle-treated db/db mice was not altered by AdipoRon treatment. Conclusion AdipoRon treatment shifts myocardial substrate preference towards increased glucose utilization, likely by decreasing fatty acid delivery to the heart, but was not sufficient to improve cardiac output and efficiency in db/db mice.","PeriodicalId":16284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis","volume":"11 1","pages":"161 - 177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45749752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum: Effect of Breakfast Consumption and Meal Time Regularity on Nutrient Intake and Cardiometabolic Health in Korean Adults","authors":"S. Yoon, Mi-Wha Choi, O. Kim","doi":"10.12997/jla.2022.11.2.211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12997/jla.2022.11.2.211","url":null,"abstract":"[This corrects the article on p. 240 in vol. 10, PMID: 34095015.].","PeriodicalId":16284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis","volume":"11 1","pages":"211 - 211"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41907154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}