Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of Clinical and Radiologic Outcomes of Biportal Endoscopic Posterior Cervical Inclinatory Foraminotomy : A Retrospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Kwan-Su Song, Pius Kim","doi":"10.3340/jkns.2024.0197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3340/jkns.2024.0197","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate clinical and radiological outcomes of biportal endoscopic posterior cervical inclinatory foraminotomy (BE-PCIF) to treat cervical spondylotic radiculopathy (CSR).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included patients with CSR who underwent BE-PCIF between April 2020 and April 2023. Patient demographic data were collected and clinical outcomes were assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS) and MacNab criteria. Various radiological parameters, including inclinatory angles, were collected and correlations with demographic or radiological factors were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 101 patients (46 men and 55 women) with a mean age of 56.99 years, encompassing 162 surgical levels primarily affecting the C5-6 and C6-7 vertebrae. The postoperative VAS scores decreased to <1, with 90.1% of patients reporting excellence according to the MacNab criteria. None of the patients experienced any major postoperative complications, including instability. The isthmic distance (ID) expansion ratio, representing the degree of distal decompression, was 2.4, with a minor facet resection rate of 0.4. Right-sided surgeries or surgeries at lower cervical levels correlated with higher inclinatory angles, with a p-value of 0.003 each. Significant correlations were noted between the inclinatory angle and both the facet resection rate and ID expansion ratio, with coefficients of 0.45 and 0.3, respectively, both having a p-value of <0.001, indicating strong statistical significance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>BE-PCIF effectively relieves pain and enhances clinical outcomes in CSR patients. The use of the inclinatory angle approach facilitates cervical foraminal expansion and sufficient neural decompression, with higher angles required for adequate decompression at lower cervical levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":16283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143189172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of Ambulatory Functions Based on Somatosensory and Motor-Evoked Potentials in Patients with Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Intraventricular Hemorrhage Extension.","authors":"Min Cheol Chang, Seong Yeob Kwak, Soyoung Kwak","doi":"10.3340/jkns.2024.0192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3340/jkns.2024.0192","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study investigated the usefulness of somatosensory-evoked potentials (SEP) and motor-evoked potentials (MEP) in predicting motor outcomes in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) extension.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively evaluated 124 patients with ICH and IVH extensions. SEPs of posterior tibial nerve and MEPs of tibialis anterior muscles were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>About 30% of the patients could walk independently at 6 months from the onset. Patients who exhibited SEP in both bilateral posterior tibial nerves demonstrated better ambulatory function compared to those with SEP in only one unilateral posterior tibial nerve or no SEP in both sides of the posterior tibial nerves. Likewise, patients who displayed MEP in both bilateral tibialis anterior muscles exhibited better ambulatory capacity compared to those with MEP on only one side or no MEP on both sides. In addition, when the posterior tibial nerve SEP was present bilaterally, 54.9% of the patients could walk independently, and when the MEP from the tibialis anterior muscles was present bilaterally, 41.0% of the patients could walk without any assistance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SEP and MEP could be useful tools for predicting ambulatory function in patients with ICH accompanied by IVH.</p>","PeriodicalId":16283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143189184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of miRNA Expression Profiles in Different Biofluids İn Aneurysm Rupture.","authors":"Sara Khadem Ansari, Ebru Erzurumluoglu Gokalp, Emre Ozkara, Ozlem Aykac, Oguz Cilingir, Ertugrul Colak, Atilla Ozcan Ozdemir, Sevilhan Artan","doi":"10.3340/jkns.2024.0171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3340/jkns.2024.0171","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Intracranial aneurysm (IA) is a cerebrovascular disease in which the cerebral arteries become pathologically weakened. The molecular mechanisms behind the pathogenesis of IAs are poorly understood. MicroRNAs are highly stable in body fluids and the expression signatures of specific circulating miRNAs may be associated with high rupture risk, severity, and clinical outcome of SAH.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The presented study aimed to detect miRNA-based biomarkers and evaluating the usability of blood for a non-invasive approach. Blood samples from 24 patients with unruptured IA (Group 1), blood and CSF samples collected on day five after aSAH from 24 patients with ruptured IA (Group 2), and both the blood and CSF samples from 24 individuals without any positive IA history (Control group) were subjected to qRT-PCR for evaluating the expression profiles of 8 miRNAs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MiR-29a, miR-200a-3p, miR-451a, miR-1297, and miR-502-5p in blood and miR-29a, miR-200a-3p, miR-451a, miR-126, miR-146a-5p, and miR-27b-3p in CSF were found to be differentially expressed in ruptured patients compared to controls. In both biofluids of ruptured cases, the differences in the expression profiles of miR-29a, miR-200a-3p, and miR-451a compared to controls were striking. The upregulation of miR-126, miR-200a-3p, miR-451a, and miR-502-5p in the ruptured group compared to unruptured patients suggesting that these miRNAs may be informative in predicting the risk of an aneurysmal rupture.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MiR-29a, miR-200a-3p, and miR-451 were significantly altered in patients with aSAH compared to controls in both biofluids. These findings suggest that these miRNAs could be candidate non-invasive biomarkers for aSAH.</p>","PeriodicalId":16283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143080260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Clazosentan and Nimodipine on Vasospasm and Vasospasm-Related Outcomes after Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage : A Post-hoc Propensity Score-Matched Analysis of Six Randomized Clinical Trials.","authors":"Sung Ho Lee, Kyu-Sun Choi, Osamu Togo, Ik Seong Park","doi":"10.3340/jkns.2024.0195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3340/jkns.2024.0195","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Clazosentan is a recently approved endothelin receptor antagonist indicated for the prevention of vasospasm and related complications following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). To date, no direct, head-to-head comparison between clazosentan and nimodipine has been conducted. In this study, we indirectly assessed the efficacy and safety of these two drugs in preventing vasospasm and its associated outcomes after aSAH.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants from six randomized clinical trials of clazosentan were reclassified into three subgroups based on their concomitant use of oral nimodipine: (1) a clazosentan subgroup (without nimodipine), (2) a nimodipine subgroup (without clazosentan), and (3) a placebo subgroup (receiving neither clazosentan nor nimodipine). Data from participants who received the approved dose of clazosentan 10 mg/h was analyzed. To account for heterogeneities among the analyzed studies, we performed within-study comparisons of subgroups and pooled data from the same subgroup. To further balance the three groups, we conducted a propensity score-matching and compared the outcomes among subgroups. The outcomes measured were angiographic vasospasm within 14 days after aSAH and vasospasm-related morbidity and all-cause mortality (MM) within 6 weeks, defined as death, vasospasm-related new cerebral infarcts, delayed ischemic neurological deficits, or initiation of rescue therapy. Incidence and relative risk reduction (RRR) were analyzed across subgroups, and overall safety was reviewed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The pooled data from within-study comparisons demonstrated that clazosentan significantly reduced the risk of vasospasm (RRR 0.48 [95 % CI: 0.35, 0.58]) and MM (RRR 0.47 [95 % CI: 0.30, 0.60]) compared to placebo, whereas nimodipine did not. In the propensity score-matched analysis, clazosentan demonstrated a significant risk reduction in outcomes when compared to nimodipine (RRR 0.63 [95% CI: 0.46, 0.75] for vasospasm; RRR 0.29 [95% CI: 0.04, 0.48] for MM) and placebo (RRR 0.59 [95% CI: 0.40, 0.72] for vasospasm; RRR 0.41 [95% CI: 0.21, 0.56] for MM).The overall safety results were comparable across the three subgroups and consistent with the expected range for endothelin receptor antagonists.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Clazosentan at 10 mg/h significantly reduced the incidence of cerebral vasospasm and MM following aSAH, compared to both placebo and nimodipine. Further clinical studies are warranted to compare the efficacy of clazosentan and nimodipine to optimize treatment strategies for aSAH.</p>","PeriodicalId":16283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143006805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aneurysm at the Trunk of the Medial-Type Persistent Trigeminal Artery Associated with Facial Pain : A Rare Case Report.","authors":"Na Il Shin, Hyung-Jin Lee","doi":"10.3340/jkns.2024.0107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3340/jkns.2024.0107","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Persistent trigeminal artery (PTA) is the most common residual manifestation of persistent carotid-vertebrobasilar anastomosis, with the medial-type (intrasellar or sphenoidal) PTA being exceptionally rare. Aneurysms originating from the PTA trunk are not common. We present a unique case of an aneurysm located at the trunk of the medial-type PTA in a patient presenting with trigeminal neuralgia who successfully received endovascular treatment. Furthermore, we discuss the anatomical features of this aneurysm and relevant reports, and examine the possible pathomechanism of the associated pain.</p>","PeriodicalId":16283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143006801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Sulcal Hyperintense Vessel (Vessel Wall MR Ivy Sign) in Adult Moyamoya Disease with High-resolution Vessel Wall Imaging : A Pilot Study.","authors":"Ju In Park, Jae Seong Hong, Jiwook Ryu, Kyung Mi Lee, Ho Geol Woo, Seok Keun Choi","doi":"10.3340/jkns.2024.0096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3340/jkns.2024.0096","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The leptomeningeal ivy sign is a distinctive finding of moyamoya disease (MMD), characterized by a linear high signal intensity along the cortical sulci on contrast-enhanced T1 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery MRI. We recently identified a similar linear enhancement along the cortical sulci using gadolinium-enhanced vessel wall MRI (VWMR) in patients with MMD. The aim of this study was to introduce the concept of the \"VWMR ivy sign (VIS)\".</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eighteen MMD patients underwent gadolinium-enhanced VWMR. We identified the VIS in gadolinium-enhanced VWMR, represented by a linear high intensity along the cortical sulci. The VIS was assessed by comparing pre and postcontrast T1 black blood sequences on VWMR and was investigated in the precentral, central, and postcentral sulci. \"VIS scores\" were calculated by the sum of VIS in the three sulci, ranged from 0 to 3. We compared the VIS scores according to different stroke presentations (non-stroke, ischemic stroke, and hemorrhagic stroke). The inter-modality agreement for identifying VIS and fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery (FLAIR)/cortical sulci on contrast-enhanced T1 MRI (CEMR) ivy sign was determined using Cohen's kappa statistics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The VIS scores were significantly different among the three groups (P = 0.004). The VIS scores in both the ischemic and hemorrhagic groups were significantly higher than those in the non-stroke group (ischemic vs. non-stroke, P = 0.009; hemorrhagic vs. non-stroke, P = 0.004). After adjusting for age and sex using the non-stroke group as a reference group, the VIS scores were significantly higher in the ischemic and hemorrhagic groups (P=0.046, OR 8.27, 95% CI 1.03-66.19 and P=0.039, OR 7.78, 95% CI 1.11-54.48, respectively). Inter-modality agreement between VIS and FLAIR ivy sign was substantial, perfect, and substantial in the precentral, central, and postcentral sulci, respectively (precentral sulcus, κ=0.609, 95% CI=0.213-1; central sulcus, κ=1; and postcentral sulcus, κ=0.769, 95% CI=0.475-1). Inter-modality agreement between the VIS and CEMR ivy sign was substantial in the precentral, central, and postcentral sulci, respectively (precentral sulcus, κ=0.727, 95% CI=0.384-1; central sulcus, κ=0.609, 95% CI=0.384-1; and postcentral sulcus, κ=0.649, 95% CI=0.310-0.998).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This preliminary series introduces the concept of VIS, possibly indicating slow and retrograde flow of sulcal vessels via leptomeningeal collaterals. Future studies are needed to develop an optimal scoring system for VIS and establish its clinical correlation with stroke presentations in MMD patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":16283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142950227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurosurgical Intervention in Primary Intraventricular Hemorrhage : Experience from a Center in China.","authors":"Xiaoyan Zhao, Ruiqi Chen, Chao You, Yi Liu, Chaofeng Fan, Rui Guo","doi":"10.3340/jkns.2024.0170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3340/jkns.2024.0170","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Primary intraventricular hemorrhage (PIVH) is a rare type of neurologic disorder and remains a challenge for cerebrovascular surgeons. This study intended to investigate the factors associated with neurosurgical intervention and its impact on outcome after PIVH.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively included consecutive patients with PIVH admitted to at a single tertiary academic medical center in China. Conservative treatment or neurosurgical intervention options (including endovascular therapy, craniotomy, stereotactic radiotherapy, endoscopic surgery or external ventricular drain) were assessed. Multivariable logistic regression was applied to determine associations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 174 patients with PIVH were included in our analysis. There were 79 (45.4%) patients underwent surgery, which was associated with younger age (P = 0.004), higher Baseline Graeb score (P = 0.001), acute hydrocephalus (P = 0.02) and underlying cerebrovascular diseases (P < 0.001) in an adjusted model. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, significant predictors of external ventricular drain after PIVH were higher Baseline Graeb score (P = 0.04), and acute hydrocephalus (P< 0.001). Furthermore, after adjustment for confounders, our analysis showed that neurosurgical intervention could decrease 90-day mortality after PIVH (P = 0.04).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>After PIVH, younger patients with higher Baseline Graeb score, acute hydrocephalus and underlying cerebrovascular diseases were more likely to undergo neurosurgical intervention. Surgical treatment of PVIH patients should be optimized to decrease mortality. However, further clinical trials are still needed to determine which patients would benefit from neurosurgical intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":16283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142950230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Importance of Preoperative Pupillary Reflex in Traumatic Optic Neuropathy.","authors":"Min Ho Lee, Tae-Kyu Lee","doi":"10.3340/jkns.2024.0083","DOIUrl":"10.3340/jkns.2024.0083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) refers to a pathological condition caused by direct or indirect injury to the optic nerves. In the case of patients with traumatic brain injury, adequate vision evaluation is difficult in many cases due to altered mentality. In order to address this problem, we investigated preoperative pupillary light reflex in TON patients as a predictive factor of surgical outcomes after optic nerve decompression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From April 2020 to September 2022, we enrolled patients who were diagnosed with TON and underwent endoscopic optic nerve decompression at our institution. Vision and pupil reflex tests were performed by an ophthalmologist before and after surgery.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seven patients were enrolled. Their ages ranged from 9 to 78 years and all were male. Among the seven patients, the patient whose pupillary light reflex was sluggish with 6 mm-sized pupil and absent with 7 mm-sized pupil before surgery showed no improvement in vision. Patients with some response to direct reflex or contralateral indirect reflex testing preoperative showed vision improvement after operation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Direct and indirect pupillary reflexes can be important factors determining treatment outcome for TON. In unconscious patients with a fracture involving the optic canal, timely surgical intervention based on pupillary reflex can prevent permanent loss of vision.</p>","PeriodicalId":16283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society","volume":" ","pages":"19-24"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11725462/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141971252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Junctional Neural Tube Defect : Two Case Report.","authors":"Bin Yuan, Shungen Huang, Xiangming Yan, Hangzhou Wang","doi":"10.3340/jkns.2024.0061","DOIUrl":"10.3340/jkns.2024.0061","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society","volume":" ","pages":"105-109"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11725464/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140857208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Clinical Effects of C2 and C3 Medial Branch Block for Medically Intractable Headache : a Retrospective Study.","authors":"Moonyoung Chung, Won Hee Lee","doi":"10.3340/jkns.2024.0004","DOIUrl":"10.3340/jkns.2024.0004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the clinical effects of medial branch blocks (MBBs) C2 and C3 in treating patients with medically intractable headaches.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The medical records of 81 patients with medically intractable headaches who underwent a C2/3 MBB between January 2019 and March 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. The degrees of pain were evaluated using a Visual analogue scale (VAS) score (rating 0-10) on baseline and after procedures. To evaluate patients' satisfaction for the treatment, self-reporting measurements were examined and were categorized as excellent (>90% pain relief), good (50-90% pain relief), fair (10-50% pain relief), and none (<10% pain relief).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The total number of MBB procedure was 107. The average baseline VAS score was 7.4±1.5, which improved significantly to 2.6±2.3, 3.6±2.6, and 4.5±3.2 on 1-3 days, 3-7 days, and 3 months after the procedure, respectively (Wilks' lambda within group test, p<0.001). For the subjective feeling of pain relief, percentages of \"excellent\" response in the self-reporting measurements were significantly decreased over time (chi-square test; p=0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrates clinical effectiveness of C2/3 MBB in patients with medically intractable headaches, with both early and prolonged benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":16283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society","volume":" ","pages":"37-45"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11725465/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141432135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}