Journal of Medical Economics最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir treatment for COVID-19 on health-related outcomes: a global economic value systematic literature review.","authors":"Tendai Mugwagwa, José Marcano Belisario, Louise Hartley, Nguyen Thi Nhan Phan, Ruth Mokgokong","doi":"10.1080/13696998.2026.2695551","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13696998.2026.2695551","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (NMV/r)ⁱ is an antiviral drug indicated for the treatment of patients with mild to moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who are at high risk of progressing to severe disease. We performed an updated economic systematic literature review (eSLR) of NMV/r to build upon evidence reported in our previous eSLR and additionally examine the health-related outcomes associated with NMV/r and any potential effect of long COVID.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search of Embase, PubMed, Cochrane, and EconLit and of conference and health technology assessment agency websites was performed to identify economic analyses published between January 2022 and October 2025.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 33 included economic evaluations, most were cost-utility analyses (<i>n</i> = 16) and used an analysis of a short-term decision tree with a long-term Markov model (<i>n</i> = 11). Several types of health-related endpoints were reported by studies, with most including hospital-related endpoints (<i>n</i> = 20), quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) (<i>n</i> = 18), and death-related endpoints (<i>n</i> = 18). Positive health-related outcomes were associated with NMV/r treatment, including reductions in hospitalizations and deaths and an increase in QALYs. NMV/r treatment was also associated with a reduced number of patients with long COVID complications.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>Most studies were conducted in high-income countries, were based on different COVID-19 variants, and were limited in data on the long COVID population.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In addition to monetary benefits, NMV/r provides short-term and long-term health-related benefits to patients with mild to moderate COVID-19. This study provides further support for NMV/r as a cost-effective treatment option.</p>","PeriodicalId":16229,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Economics","volume":"29 1","pages":"1875-1897"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148396434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Publisher's note.","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/13696998.2026.2635859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13696998.2026.2635859","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16229,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Economics","volume":"29 1","pages":"106"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147321616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cost-effectiveness analysis of empagliflozin as an add-on to the standard of care for chronic kidney disease management in the Philippines.","authors":"Precious Juzenda Montilla, Arlene Cabotaje Crisostomo, Elaine Cunanan, Maria Rhodora de Lara-Valenzona, Donnah de Leon, Patrick James Encarnacion, Amor Patrice Estabillo, Christianne Jade Gonzales, Marizel Mallari-Catungal, Richard Henry Perlas Tiongco Ii, Mary Joy Taneo, Dianne Tan-Lim, Jennifer Ivy Togonon-Leaño, Danny Yu, Miharu Jay Kimwell, Anthony Russell Villanueva","doi":"10.1080/13696998.2025.2602361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13696998.2025.2602361","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects a significant proportion of the population leading to a substantial economic burden on healthcare systems and societies. Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have been shown to slow CKD progression and reduce cardiovascular risks in patients regardless of their diabetes status, leading to cost-savings and health benefits for patients with CKD. Currently, published cost-effectiveness studies in the UK and Southeast Asia demonstrate a significantly high value of adding empagliflozin in CKD management. This study aims to simulate a CKD progression model to assess the cost-effectiveness of adding empagliflozin to the standard of care (SoC) compared to SoC alone for CKD management in the Philippines.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted an individual microsimulation model of CKD progression and its related complications using annual cycles from a healthcare perspective. The simulation incorporated local costs, life tables, and utility values derived from local and best available evidence from published CKD literature.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The addition of empagliflozin to the SoC leads to significant lifetime cost-savings per patient of PHP 8,360,571.52 (USD 146,986.14) for the full cohort of the CKD population, PHP 7,944,677.72 (USD 139,674.36) for the diabetic cohort, and PHP 9,339,394.50 (USD 164,194.70) for the non-diabetic cohort. Patients on empagliflozin also experienced higher quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) of 0.84, 0.90, and 0.78 for the full, diabetic, and non-diabetic cohorts, respectively. Adding empagliflozin to the SoC is economically dominant across willingness-to-pay (WTP) thresholds ranging from 0.5 to 1 times the Philippine gross domestic product (GDP) per capita of 2024. Sensitivity analyses confirmed these findings, demonstrating consistency across varied input parameters.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Empagliflozin is cost-saving and provides utility benefits when added to SoC among patients with CKD. This finding holds significant value for patients with CKD, regardless of diabetes status.</p>","PeriodicalId":16229,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Economics","volume":"29 1","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145819599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical benefits and cost saving of achieving composite treatment targets for type 2 diabetes - A modeling study.","authors":"Si Si, Rui Wang, Jinnan Li, Yuchen Ding, Yanjun Liu, Beatrice Osumili","doi":"10.1080/13696998.2025.2604454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13696998.2025.2604454","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study assessed the long-term clinical benefits and cost savings associated with achieving composite treatment targets (CTT) of stringent glycemic control, weight reduction and no hypoglycemia in predominantly Chinese patients with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) inadequately controlled with metformin and/or sulfonylurea.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was conducted using an implementation of the UK Prospective Diabetes Study Outcomes Model Version 2 (UKPDS OM2) in Microsoft Excel, with additional modules for treatment switching, weight change, and hypoglycemia. Thirty-year healthcare costs were projected to capture macro- and microvascular complications, hypoglycemia and diabetic treatment. Baseline and efficacy inputs were extracted from the SURPASS-AP-Combo trial (NCT04093752), a predominantly Chinese cohort. Cost inputs were derived from literature review. Patients were categorized as \"Achieved\" or \"Failed\" based on whether they met the CTT (i.e. HbA1c ≤6.5%, ≥10% weight reduction, and no hypoglycemia event [blood glucose < 3.0 mmol/L or severe hypoglycemia]) at the end of SURPASS-AP-Combo trial, regardless of treatment received. For the Achieved group, sustained CTT was assumed for 3, 5, or 10 years before natural disease progression per UKPDS OM2 progression trajectories. The Failed group followed UKPDS OM2 progression trajectories throughout. Treatment intensification to basal-bolus insulin was triggered when HbA1c levels reached predefined CTT-based thresholds. Scenario analyses applied less stringent CTT.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sustained achievement of CTT for 3, 5 and 10 years yielded 0.31, 0.40 and 0.56 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and cost savings of ¥22,336, ¥32,692, ¥53,234 per patient, respectively. These savings were attributable to reduced complications, hypoglycemia and delayed treatment intensification. Slightly smaller savings were observed applying less stringent CTT.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this modeling study, a sustained achievement of CTT led to improved clinical benefits and significant direct medical cost savings. The longer the achievement period and the more stringent CTT, the greater the clinical benefits and cost savings.</p>","PeriodicalId":16229,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Economics","volume":"29 1","pages":"107-117"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145933689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safeguarding Quality in Health and Medical Science Information Today.","authors":"Scott C Ratzan, Rebecca K Ivic, Kenneth H Rabin, Ruth M Parker, Sara Rubinelli, Rafael Obregon, Lawrence O Gostin, Michael G Baker, Samantha Thomas, Don Nutbeam, Ilona Kickbusch, J Gregory Payne, Vivianne Ihekweazu, Kirsten J McCaffery, Richard L Street, Sir Cary Cooper","doi":"10.1080/13696998.2026.2655380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13696998.2026.2655380","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16229,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Economics","volume":"29 1","pages":"1130-1133"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147645663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to Kirshner et al.: updated cost consequence analyses using requested inputs.","authors":"Vanessa Perez Patel, Kevin Collins, Klaas Heinemann, William Ngantung, Matia Saeedian","doi":"10.1080/13696998.2026.2655546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13696998.2026.2655546","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16229,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Economics","volume":"29 1","pages":"1310-1314"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147773760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natalizumab is associated with improved relapse outcomes and lower healthcare utilization versus ocrelizumab in treatment-naïve people with multiple sclerosis.","authors":"Jeffrey Kaplan, Dana Beenstock, Martin Belkin, Heidi Crayton, Christopher Eckstein, Ruth Fredericks, Boyang Bian, Nicholas Belviso, Daphne Ni, Danette Rutledge","doi":"10.1080/13696998.2026.2681352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13696998.2026.2681352","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Natalizumab (NTZ) and ocrelizumab (OCR) are well-established therapies and commonly considered first-line for newly diagnosed people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) in the United States. However, there is a paucity of data comparing healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) and relapse outcomes between NTZ and OCR in this population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective longitudinal analysis using the Komodo Health Claims Database included newly diagnosed treatment-naïve pwMS aged 18-64 years with ≥1 prescription claims for NTZ or OCR between 1 January 2017 and 31 March 2022. Propensity score matching (1:2) was used to balance baseline characteristics. Outcomes included HCRU and costs, as well as relapses. Relapse events were identified using a claims‑based algorithm.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis included 1,261 NTZ- and 2,522 OCR-treated pwMS. First-line NTZ treatment was associated with significantly lower annualized rates of all-cause inpatient admissions (rate ratio = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.44-0.85; <i>p</i> = 0.003) and costs as well as emergency department visits (rate ratio = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.68-0.96; <i>p</i> = 0.015) than first-line OCR treatment. Annualized relapse rates (ARR) were significantly lower with first-line NTZ versus OCR treatment (0.20 vs. 0.28; rate ratio = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.59-0.82; <i>p</i> < 0.001). There was also a significantly higher probability of pwMS being relapse-free at 3 years with first-line NTZ versus OCR (69.9% vs. 63.9%; <i>p</i> = 0.002).</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>This study has limitations inherent to claims data, including limited clinical detail and reliance on a claims-based relapse algorithm.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This real-world, claims-based analysis demonstrates that first-line NTZ treatment was associated with significantly lower inpatient and emergency department HCRU, inpatient healthcare costs, and ARR than first-line OCR treatment. Given the paucity of comparative data among these therapies in newly diagnosed MS patients, these results provide valuable real-world evidence to help guide treatment decisions in this group.</p>","PeriodicalId":16229,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Economics","volume":"29 1","pages":"1701-1713"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148295454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling the cost-effectiveness of the COVID-19 mRNA-1273 vaccine in the United States.","authors":"Kelly Fust, Ekkehard Beck, Michele Kohli, Shannon Cartier, Nicolas Van de Velde, Milton Weinstein, Keya Joshi","doi":"10.1080/13696998.2026.2670958","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13696998.2026.2670958","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The main objective was to estimate the potential public health impact and cost-effectiveness of an annual dose of mRNA-1273 in the United States (US) for a one-year time horizon compared with no vaccination in the mRNA-1273 licensed population (6 months-64 years with underlying medical conditions and all ≥65 years). mRNA-1273 was also compared to BNT162b2 in high-risk adults ages 18-64 years and all ≥65 years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Analyses were conducted using a previously developed static decision-analytic model (1-year horizon) from the societal cost perspective. Vaccine effectiveness (VE) against infection and hospitalization for mRNA-1273 versus no vaccination was based on a 2024-2025 real world effectiveness study. VE estimates for mRNA-1273 versus BNT162b2 were based on systematic literature reviews and meta-analyses. Cost-effectiveness was assessed in terms of incremental cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained and the benefit cost ratio (BCR) in the licensed target population as well as age-specific subgroups. Sensitivity and scenario analyses were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between September and August, a single dose of mRNA-1273 was estimated to yield an incremental cost per QALY gained of $23,265 compared to no vaccine. For every 1 USD of mRNA-1273 vaccine related costs, there is a return of 1.91-7.90 dollars in societal perspective cost savings and monetized health benefit gained. In the subgroup of high-risk individuals 6 months-4 years, mRNA-1273 was associated with lower costs and improved health outcomes, resulting in mRNA-1273 dominating no vaccine. Study results are sensitive to COVID-19 incidence, percentage hospitalized, post-discharge mortality, and VE assumptions. Compared to BNT162b2, given improved clinical outcomes, combined with a lower vaccine unit cost, mRNA-1273 was estimated to dominate BNT162b2.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>mRNA-1273, the only licensed vaccine for those <5 years of age at high risk of severe COVID-19 related outcomes, could substantially reduce the clinical and economic burden of COVID-19 among US high-risk populations and older adults. These benefits were observed both in comparison to no vaccination and the BNT162b2 vaccine.</p>","PeriodicalId":16229,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Economics","volume":"29 1","pages":"1526-1536"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148205000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cost-consequence analysis of diagnostic strategies for suspected community-acquired pneumonia in France and Spain.","authors":"Oleg Borisenko, Jeroen I Stas, Andrey Maslov, Sandeep Moola, Lopamudra Das","doi":"10.1080/13696998.2026.2681380","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13696998.2026.2681380","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>The study evaluated clinical and health economic consequences of two diagnostic strategies, standard of care (SOC) and SOC plus MeMed BV (MMBV; a host-response test designed to discriminate between bacterial and viral infections), for suspected community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in adults from a French and Spanish healthcare perspective.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cost-consequence analysis using a decision tree for adults presenting to the emergency department with suspected CAP. The time horizon was less than one year, modeling a hypothetical cohort of 1,000 patients with low-to-moderate disease severity. Clinical outputs were derived from published studies; unit costs were sourced from national or regional tariffs and cost studies. Deterministic one-way sensitivity analyses accounted for uncertainty in model parameters.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the base case analysis, SOC + MMBV was cost-saving versus SOC alone in both countries. The total cost per 1,000 patients decreased from €523,557 to €304,064 in France and from €467,356 to €267,786 in Spain, resulting in savings of approximately €220 and €200 per patient, respectively. The cost of MMBV was offset by reductions in other diagnostic tests and hospital admissions. Per 1,000 patients, SOC + MMBV correctly identified 181 more viral infections than SOC alone, resulting in 181 fewer unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions and almost 600 fewer additional diagnostic tests performed.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>Key limitations include use of a simplified patient pathway, assuming correctly diagnosed patients are not admitted due to clinical deterioration, and a short-term time horizon focused on immediate clinical and economic outcomes. Conclusion Adding MMBV to SOC for adults with suspected CAP in EDs may be cost-saving for public payers in France and Spain.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Adding MMBV to SOC for adults with suspected CAP in EDs can be cost-saving for public payers in France and Spain.</p>","PeriodicalId":16229,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Economics","volume":"29 1","pages":"1663-1676"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148225989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Annual pharmacy cost per patient achieving composite treatment endpoints: a cost to target analysis of tirzepatide versus subcutaneous semaglutide 1 mg in patients with type 2 diabetes in the UK.","authors":"Naresh Kanumilli, Beatrice Osumili, Jerome Evans, Joanne Webb, Mike Buckingham, Nele Debackere, Piotr Nowakowski, Juliette Cattin, Barnaby Hunt","doi":"10.1080/13696998.2026.2631920","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13696998.2026.2631920","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Tirzepatide is a treatment for type 2 diabetes associated with improvements in glycemic control and weight loss, and a low risk of hypoglycemia when not used in combination with insulin or insulin secretagogues. A cost to target analysis of tirzepatide 5, 10 and 15 mg versus subcutaneous semaglutide 1 mg in the UK setting was performed, calculating the annual pharmacy cost per patient treated to six composite endpoints combining glycemic control (glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c] ≤ 6.5% [48 mmol/mol] and <7.0% [53 mmol/mol]) with weight loss (≥5%, ≥10%, ≥15%) and avoidance of hypoglycemia. The costing analysis was based on the tirzepatide costs appraised by NICE as part of TA924.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The proportions of patients achieving composite treatment targets with tirzepatide and semaglutide (both in combination with metformin) were taken from a post-hoc analysis of the SURPASS-2 clinical trial (<i>N</i> = 1,845). Costs per patient treated to target were calculated by dividing the annual treatment costs associated with each intervention by the proportion of patients achieving the treatment target with each intervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Tirzepatide 5, 10 and 15 mg were associated with a lower pharmacy cost per patient achieving treatment target than semaglutide 1 mg for the majority of endpoints evaluated. Differences became greater at more strict treatment targets. For example, the cost per patient achieving HbA1c ≤6.5%, weight loss ≥15%, and no hypoglycemia was GBP 5,650, GBP 8,665 and GBP 9,462 lower with tirzepatide 5, 10 and 15 mg, respectively, compared with semaglutide 1 mg over a 1-year time horizon. The only endpoint where semaglutide 1 mg was associated with a lower cost per patient achieving target was HbA1c <7.0%, weight loss ≥5%, and no hypoglycemia.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Compared to semaglutide, tirzepatide was associated with a lower annual pharmacy cost per patient with diabetes achieving treatment target in the UK for the majority of endpoints, with greater differences at more strict treatment targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":16229,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Economics","volume":"29 1","pages":"698-711"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147344522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}