South Asian Journal of Social Studies and Economics最新文献

{"title":"Why Fiscal Policies are Pro-cyclical in Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa?","authors":"Guy Noel Piam Simo","doi":"10.9734/sajsse/2023/v19i1666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/sajsse/2023/v19i1666","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this paper is to study empirically the cyclical behaviour of fiscal policies in CEMAC. According to the literature, fiscal policies are pro-cyclical in developing countries. Two main arguments are put forward: borrowing constraints during economic downturns; and irrational behaviour of governments, which do not save enough during booms because of political pressure groups. Over the period 1992 to 2012, using ordinary least and double least squares on panel data, our estimates show that fiscal policies are pro-cyclical in CEMAC and public investment spending is the most pro-cyclical. This is because their governments do not save enough when the terms of trade are favourable (boom periods), due to the fact that they rather take advantage of their access to external finance to increase public investment spending necessary for their development (rational behaviour).","PeriodicalId":162253,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Social Studies and Economics","volume":"386 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124819755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cotton Harvests and Economic Growth: A Comprehensive Study of Tajikistan's Industry","authors":"Bezhan Yunusov, Zhao Guiyu","doi":"10.9734/sajsse/2023/v18i4664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/sajsse/2023/v18i4664","url":null,"abstract":"The cotton industry has played a significant role in Tajikistan's economic and social development. However, it has also faced various challenges, such as poor infrastructure, limited access to finance and markets, and outdated technology. To promote its sustainable development, this study employs a mixed-methods approach to identify the industry's challenges and opportunities and propose growth strategies. The research findings suggest that the cotton industry in Tajikistan has significant potential for growth, including favorable climate conditions for cotton production and a growing global demand for cotton products. However, inadequate infrastructure, outdated technology, and limited access to finance and markets remain significant challenges. To address these challenges, the study proposes several strategies, including investment in infrastructure, technology modernization, governance improvement, and market access. The study also highlights the importance of ensuring fair wages, providing access to healthcare and education, and addressing issues such as child labor and gender inequality to improve the living standards and working conditions of cotton farmers and workers in the industry. In conclusion, this research provides valuable insights into the challenges and opportunities facing the cotton industry in Tajikistan and its impact on the country's economy, environment, and social development. The study's recommendations can inform policymakers, industry stakeholders, and development practitioners in promoting sustainable development in Tajikistan.","PeriodicalId":162253,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Social Studies and Economics","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133082479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Constructivist Materials in Teaching Selected Topics in the Contemporary World Course","authors":"Marc Clinton A. Dacuycuy, Jasper Kim M. Rabago, Carolyn G. Paguyo, S. R. I. Fernando, R. C. S. Lasaten","doi":"10.9734/sajsse/2023/v18i4663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/sajsse/2023/v18i4663","url":null,"abstract":"Using the descriptive research design and the Research and Development methodology, the aim of this study was to develop a Constructivist Material in teaching The Contemporary World course. The study specifically sought to determine which lessons in The Contemporary World would be best taught using constructivist strategies, determining the features and parts of the constructivist materials to be developed and validate the material in terms of its learning outcomes, content, activities, assessment techniques and instructional qualities. The major steps in the Research and Development cycle followed by the researcher in preparing the resource materials were the bibliographic stage, developmental stage and the validation stage. Data were gathered using two instruments and the first one is a survey checklist to determine the lessons in The Contemporary World that can best be taught using constructivist strategies and the constructivist strategies that are most suited to teach each lesson and the other instrument is the content validation scale to determine the validity of the constructivist material for The Contemporary World course. The content validity of the constructivist materials was determined using the mean. The results revealed that the developed material in teaching The Contemporary World course met the standards in developing a constructivist learning material as manifested by the overall highly valid descriptive rating. The constructivist material in teaching The Contemporary World is recommended for use and to further validate and determine its effectiveness, a pilot testing can be administered for further enhancements and refinement. Similar research is recommended to continue the development of constructivist strategy-based resource materials in the other fields of the social sciences, particularly the new set of courses in the newly revised General Education curriculum.","PeriodicalId":162253,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Social Studies and Economics","volume":"895 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132184596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study on Income Inequality and Nutritional Status of Children in Rural Areas of Jammu and Kashmir: Evidence from Jammu District, India","authors":"Ajay Kumar","doi":"10.9734/sajsse/2023/v18i4662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/sajsse/2023/v18i4662","url":null,"abstract":"Children nutritional status is a powerful indicator of nutrition security and well-being of individual and reflects the nutritional and poverty situation of household. Good nutritional status of children under five years of age is very crucial for the foundation of a healthy life. This study is a small attempt to highlight the extent of malnutrition in rural areas of Jammu district on the basis of households’ economic status. It empirically investigates the relationship between income inequality and nutritional status of children under age of five years of age (stunting) in the rural areas of Jammu district of Jammu and Kashmir. To determine the prevalence of undernutrition among different income groups of rural households, the study uses the data of a primary household survey. In order to measure the level of undernutrition (stunting), gender-specific anthropometric z-scores for height-for-age are calculated by using new child growth standards which are developed by the World Health Organisation (WHO).  The study finds that children from households in the poorest quintile have significantly higher odds of stunting compared to those in the highest income quintile. The study revealed a negative association between income and the prevalence of stunting in the study area. It means the proportion of stunted children under five years of age decreases as the level of income increases among rural households. The study suggests that the government can help improve the nutritional status of children by taking important policy initiatives that addresses income inequality and poverty in rural areas.","PeriodicalId":162253,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Social Studies and Economics","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122743035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Potential Impact of Large Language Models on Labor Markets and Business Cycles in China: A Preliminary Study","authors":"Ningbo Liu","doi":"10.9734/sajsse/2023/v18i4661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/sajsse/2023/v18i4661","url":null,"abstract":"Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being used in various fields, including labor markets and business cycles. In this paper, we examine the impact potential of LLMs in labor markets and business cycles in China through a qualitative case study. We first provide background information on LLMs and labor markets and business cycles in China, and then review the relevant literature. Next, we describe the methodology of our study, including the data collection process and data analysis techniques. We present the findings of our case study and identify themes and patterns related to the impact potential of LLMs. We then discuss the implications of our findings for the use of LLMs in labor markets and business cycles in China, compare our findings to the literature review, and offer suggestions for future research. Our study contributes to the growing body of literature on LLMs and their impact potential in various fields and provides insights into the potential use of LLMs in labor markets and business cycles in China.","PeriodicalId":162253,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Social Studies and Economics","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132172548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Financial Distress in the China Hospitality Industry during the Covid-19 Disaster","authors":"Shengyu Gu","doi":"10.9734/sajsse/2023/v18i3659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/sajsse/2023/v18i3659","url":null,"abstract":"This qualitative study explores financial distress in the China hospitality industry during the Covid-19 disaster. Through semi-structured interviews with industry experts and content analysis of news articles, we examine the impact of the pandemic on the financial stability of hospitality businesses in China. Our findings suggest that the crisis has caused significant financial distress for many businesses, with revenue losses and cash flow problems leading to widespread closures and layoffs. We identify several factors that have contributed to financial distress, including travel restrictions, reduced consumer demand, and supply chain disruptions. Our study highlights the urgent need for policy interventions and industry-level support to address financial distress and promote the recovery of the China hospitality industry.","PeriodicalId":162253,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Social Studies and Economics","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128018611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of E-service Quality and Convenience of Online Services on E-customer Loyalty through E-customer Satisfaction on Livin By Mandiri Users","authors":"Abhiyoga Alan Setyawan","doi":"10.9734/sajsse/2023/v18i3660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/sajsse/2023/v18i3660","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to see how E-Service Quality and Convenience of Online Services are provided to its customers. In addition, there are Dependent Variables, namely E-Customer Satisfaction and E-Loyalty Customer, to examine the level of user satisfaction and loyalty to the Livin by Mandiri M-Banking Application. Involving 170 respondents filling out questionnaires through Google Forms and distributing them to users or customers located in Jabodetabek as samples. The research design used is a quantitative Study with Cross-Sectional Approach. This study was conducted on Livin by Mandiri users in Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, and Bekasi (Jabodetabek). The study used a cross-sectional approach with an exploratory research type. Sample: 170 respondents (74.2% male, 25.8% female; 17 years, 8.2 %, 25 – 35 years, 31.9%, 35 – 45 years, 46.2 %, 55 years, 13.7%). Data analysis using SEM approach with Smart PLS 4.0 software. The results showed E-service quality was found not to have a positive influence on e-customer satisfaction, the convenience of online services was found to have a positive and significant influence on user satisfaction or e-customer satisfaction, e-service quality was found not to have a positive influence on e-customer loyalty, the convenience of online services and e-customer satisfaction was found to have a positive and significant influence on e-customer loyalty. E-customer satisfaction was found to have no mediating role in the relationship between e-service quality and e-customer loyalty, and e-customer satisfaction was found to have a mediating role in the relationship between Online Service Convenience and customer e-loyalty. Conclusion in the Research can test this future research model on other Mobile Banking services by analyzing banks focusing on digital services. Additional variables must be carried out to be applied to other studies by utilizing more exploratory and diverse variables in future research. Future research can expand related or similar research variables to examine the broader demographics of respondents. And can focus its research on the quality and convenience of services in the digital era and banking services.","PeriodicalId":162253,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Social Studies and Economics","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130821838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Domination and Legitimation in the Structure of the Virtual Massage Industry Duality","authors":"Anastasia Lintang, Suraya, R. G. Tayibnapis","doi":"10.9734/sajsse/2023/v18i3658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/sajsse/2023/v18i3658","url":null,"abstract":"The massage industry is experiencing a change towards virtual massage parlors that serve service transactions to communicate with customers online. This is because the Covid 19 pandemic does not allow massage parlors to operate conventionally. The existence of virtual massage parlors also forms agents and structures with different patterns and systems so that there are indications of a new style of capitalism in virtual massage parlors and deviations from agents or actors. Structural theory with a qualitative approach and critical ethnographic methods with double hermeneutics are used to find a form of structural duality in virtual massage parlors that builds the movement of a remote operational system that still uses the power of domination from the house manager and creates legitimacy through communication as an instrument of power for the therapist to capitalize on his work. But still targeted to provide more profit for the griya. So that here a new style of capitalism is formed which makes the therapist a profit-seeking 'machine' while building a structure of power over the therapist.","PeriodicalId":162253,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Social Studies and Economics","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133184183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transition Decision of Hybrid Entrepreneurship in the Post-pandemic Period: Understanding the New Normal Factors in Developing Context","authors":"V. Sachitra, Fathima Sajda Jaward","doi":"10.9734/sajsse/2023/v18i3657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/sajsse/2023/v18i3657","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The uncertainties surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic have inspired new business ventures. The best approach to overcome the obstacles in pandemic is hybrid entrepreneurship, which is defined as \"holding the current job while creating a new business”. The study aims to discover the new normal characteristics that influence the engagement in hybrid entrepreneurship in Sri Lanka. \u0000Methods: Schlossberg’s transition theory was adopted as the theoretical framework. Four transition elements; Situation, Self, Support, and Strategies used as the new normal factors. Snowball sampling method was used to select the participants who have both full-time employment and their own businesses during post-pandemic period. Data were gathered from 119 individuals using a standardized questionnaire. Hypotheses were tested using multiple regression analysis. \u0000Findings: The majority of the respondents have their own small enterprises. The element ‘strategies’ is the most significant influencing factor on participation in hybrid entrepreneurship, followed by ‘self’. Support and situation elements have the least impact on hybrid entrepreneurship. \u0000Research Implication: The policy implications of better understanding this transition could result in support systems aimed at better fostering hybrid entrepreneurship, given that ventures established by hybrid entrepreneurs are typically robust with strong chances of survival.  Establishing support structures for hybrid entrepreneurs to assist with the growth of their ventures could be greatly beneficial for both employment and economic growth. \u0000Originality: Grounded in Schlossberg’s transition theory, the study offers insight into the specific factors that could influence the transition decision of hybrid entrepreneurship.","PeriodicalId":162253,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Social Studies and Economics","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128445727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Employer-sponsored Health Insurance (ESHI) Scheme- A New Model of Health Micro Insurance for the Garment Workers in Bangladesh","authors":"M. Kamruzzaman, B. Bhowmik, Farook Khan, M. Samad, Roth Felix, N. Gyr, A. K. A. Khan","doi":"10.9734/sajsse/2023/v18i3656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/sajsse/2023/v18i3656","url":null,"abstract":"Organized universal health coverage has not yet been introduced in most developing countries, including Bangladesh. Private health care is affordable only to the high-income group. The aim of this retrospective observational study was to evaluate health service coverage with disease prevention, access to health information, and cost control through health financing to help take appropriate decisions for the betterment of garment workers in Bangladesh. The study was conducted in seven readymade garments (RMG) factories in the Gazipur district from 24 April 2014 to 23 April 2015.A total of 9717 workers aged 18 to 60 years and belonging to the lowest salary groups were included in this Employer-Sponsored Health Insurance (ESHI) scheme. This new model of Health Micro Insurance (HMI) had treatment, laboratory facilities, health education, and medicine supply. The annual coverage for treatment cost was up to 15000 Bangladeshi taka (BDT) or US$192.8 and the premium for enrolment in the scheme was 487 BDT (US$6.3). An agreement foresaw that the surplus cost accrued was equally shared between the insurance company and the factory owner. A common software was used to generate and view all medical information. A total of 4524 (46.6%) workers (60.5% male and 39.5% female) received treatment. The participant's mean age was 28.3 years. The mean consultancy rate was 4.7 times. Participants mostly suffered from gastrointestinal problems(24.4%), and most prescribed medications were anti-ulcer drugs. The median value of drug cost, investigation cost, consultancy fees, and total medical cost were 126 (1.49 USD), 315 (3.71 USD), 200 (2.36 USD), and 734 BDT (8.66), respectively. The annual net premium paid by the factory owner was 4094504 BDT (48744 USD), and the total healthcare cost accrued was 5230156 BDT (62263 USD). This ESHI scheme is a better option for HMI for making healthcare accessible to the largest RMG sector in a developing country like Bangladesh.","PeriodicalId":162253,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Social Studies and Economics","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127540920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}