A Study on Income Inequality and Nutritional Status of Children in Rural Areas of Jammu and Kashmir: Evidence from Jammu District, India

Ajay Kumar
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Abstract

Children nutritional status is a powerful indicator of nutrition security and well-being of individual and reflects the nutritional and poverty situation of household. Good nutritional status of children under five years of age is very crucial for the foundation of a healthy life. This study is a small attempt to highlight the extent of malnutrition in rural areas of Jammu district on the basis of households’ economic status. It empirically investigates the relationship between income inequality and nutritional status of children under age of five years of age (stunting) in the rural areas of Jammu district of Jammu and Kashmir. To determine the prevalence of undernutrition among different income groups of rural households, the study uses the data of a primary household survey. In order to measure the level of undernutrition (stunting), gender-specific anthropometric z-scores for height-for-age are calculated by using new child growth standards which are developed by the World Health Organisation (WHO).  The study finds that children from households in the poorest quintile have significantly higher odds of stunting compared to those in the highest income quintile. The study revealed a negative association between income and the prevalence of stunting in the study area. It means the proportion of stunted children under five years of age decreases as the level of income increases among rural households. The study suggests that the government can help improve the nutritional status of children by taking important policy initiatives that addresses income inequality and poverty in rural areas.
查谟和克什米尔农村地区儿童收入不平等与营养状况研究:来自印度查谟地区的证据
儿童营养状况是个人营养安全和福祉的有力指标,反映了家庭的营养和贫困状况。5岁以下儿童的良好营养状况对健康生活的基础至关重要。这项研究是一个小小的尝试,以家庭经济地位为基础,突出查谟农村地区营养不良的程度。它实证调查了查谟和克什米尔查谟地区农村地区5岁以下儿童的收入不平等与营养状况(发育迟缓)之间的关系。为了确定不同收入群体的农村家庭营养不良的普遍程度,该研究使用了初步家庭调查的数据。为了衡量营养不良(发育迟缓)的程度,使用世界卫生组织(世卫组织)制定的新的儿童生长标准计算了按性别划分的年龄身高人体测量z分数。研究发现,与收入最高的五分之一家庭的孩子相比,来自最贫困家庭的孩子发育迟缓的几率要高得多。研究表明,在研究地区,收入与发育迟缓的发生率呈负相关。这意味着随着农村家庭收入水平的提高,5岁以下发育不良儿童的比例会下降。该研究表明,政府可以通过采取重要的政策举措来解决农村地区的收入不平等和贫困问题,从而帮助改善儿童的营养状况。
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