{"title":"Resolving nanograin morphology and sub-grain nanodomains via scanning probe acoustic microscopy in high energy density BaTiO3 ferroelectric films","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jmat.2024.05.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmat.2024.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Energy storage property of a dielectric is closely tied with its nanostructure. In this study, we aim to achieve a deep understanding of this relationship in high energy density ferroelectric ceramic films, by probing into the nanograin and sub-grain nanostructures in polycrystalline BaTiO<sub>3</sub> films integrated on Si. Through scanning probe acoustic microscopy analyses, it is revealed that the BaTiO<sub>3</sub> films directly grown on Pt/Ti/Si mostly consist of large discontinuous columnar nanograins, while those grown on LaNiO<sub>3</sub>-buffered Pt/Ti/Si substrates have a dominant microstructure of continuous columnar nanograins. Furthermore, ultrafine ferroelastic domains of ∼10 nm wide are revealed inside the grains of the buffered BaTiO<sub>3</sub> films, while those unbuffered films show about ∼50% increase in the domain width. The dielectric properties of the BaTiO<sub>3</sub> films are well correlated with their characteristic nanostructures. Under an increasing electric field, the LaNiO<sub>3</sub>-buffered films display a slower decline in its dielectric constant and a later saturation of its electric polarization, leading to an improved energy storage performance. Device-level charge-discharge tests have verified not only the delayed polarization saturation and high energy density of the LaNiO<sub>3</sub>-buffered BaTiO<sub>3</sub> film capacitors, but also a high power density in the same order as those of the ferroelectric ceramics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16173,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materiomics","volume":"11 3","pages":"Article 100893"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141409778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Component regulation and high-entropy engineering for enhanced antioxidant and high-temperature mechanical properties of protective films","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jmat.2024.04.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmat.2024.04.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Transition metal nitrides (TMNs) have gained widespread application in protecting structural components due to their high strength and hardness. However, TMNs still have the challenge of structural instability and mechanical deterioration caused by oxidation under harsh high temperature conditions. Herein, we present a strategy combining component regulation with high-entropy engineering to develop an advanced high-temperature Al-containing high-entropy nitrides (HENs) material. To prevent the phase decomposition of AlN within the (NbMoTaWAl)N, theoretical simulations were employed to determine a critical atomic percent of 25.0% Al for maintaining the stability of the high-entropy structure. Ensuing experimental synthesis creates three Nb<img>Mo<img>Ta<img>W<img>Al<img>N films with varying Al content: a high-entropy film with 0.0% Al (HEN), a high-entropy film with 21.2% Al (HEN-Al), and an amorphous transition metal nitride film with 30.2% Al (a-TMN-Al), validating key high-entropy engineering benchmarks. It is found that the unique HEN-Al film exhibits excellent oxidation resistance and high-temperature hardness, attributed to the uniform distribution of Al atoms in the robust high-entropy structure, which creates conditions for forming a dense and continuous Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> barrier layer, effectively hindering the diffusion of oxygen into the film interior. This study provides new insights to develop a new generation of high-temperature protective materials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16173,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materiomics","volume":"11 1","pages":"Article 100890"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352847824001163/pdfft?md5=85993872aff7edfdaaa2df83ba7d6f54&pid=1-s2.0-S2352847824001163-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141408749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Homogeneous void nucleation in the presence of supersaturated vacancies and interstitials","authors":"Lin Shao","doi":"10.1016/j.jmat.2024.03.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmat.2024.03.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Homogeneous void nucleation in metals containing arbitrary vacancies and interstitials has been reexamined, with corrections made to the original work by Katz and Wiedersich. The void size distributions derived previously missed an exponential modification function with void size as the exponent. As a result, void nucleation under a given vacancy supersaturation ratio is underestimated by orders of magnitude. The second improvement arises from the accuracy in calculating the vacancy arrival rate to a void. The present work proposes establishing a direct relationship between the vacancy arrival rate and the available self-diffusion coefficient. With these corrections and improvements, void nucleation in pure Fe is calculated as an example, and an analytic fitting formula is provided. The required vacancy supersaturation ratio and interstitial-to-vacancy flux ratio for void nucleation calculations can be easily obtained from an analytical solution of rate theory calculations, in which dislocation density and displacements per atom (dpa) rate are adjustable inputs. Alternatively, the nucleation rate calculation can be incorporated into rate theory calculations considering evolving dislocation densities, which leads to time-dependent void nucleation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16173,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materiomics","volume":"10 5","pages":"Pages 1147-1159"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352847824001175/pdfft?md5=82e6bd0240d8744b3156ababc4ecad07&pid=1-s2.0-S2352847824001175-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141404947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comment on “Ferroelectric composite-based piezoelectric energy harvester for self-powered detection of obstructive sleep”","authors":"Alexander Tkach , Olena Okhay","doi":"10.1016/j.jmat.2024.05.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmat.2024.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>SrTi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> particles were claimed by Panda <em>et al</em>. in <em>J. Materiomics</em> 2023; 9:609 as a new lead-free ferroelectric material with orthorhombic symmetry and space group of <em>Cmm</em>2, being, therefore, employed as a base of piezoelectric energy harvesters. However, in this comment we express concerns regarding the presence of the piezoelectricity in the studied material and the interpretation of the structural, microstructural, and ferroelectric results in that publication as those associated with SrTi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>. We also note that the presented dielectric results are contradictory and that many important details are missing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16173,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materiomics","volume":"10 5","pages":"Pages 1144-1146"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352847824001151/pdfft?md5=ec6e7a3844223777353094dffc67faa9&pid=1-s2.0-S2352847824001151-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141278354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bin Ren , Yujun Jia , Hao Chen , Jiaying Ti , Yumeng Deng , Qiang Zhuang , Hejun Li
{"title":"SiCnws/CNTs/Cf-C/SiOC composites with multi-scale lossy phases for simultaneous electromagnetic wave absorption and thermal insulation","authors":"Bin Ren , Yujun Jia , Hao Chen , Jiaying Ti , Yumeng Deng , Qiang Zhuang , Hejun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jmat.2024.04.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmat.2024.04.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon fiber reinforced carbon-based composites are considered to be an ideal lightweight material with exceptional high-temperature mechanical performance. Nevertheless, their high conductivity result in a strong reflection rather than absorption of electromagnetic wave (EMW) for the stealth application. To address this challenge, a novel carbon-based composite made of multi-scale lossy phases (Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), SiC nanowires (SiC<sub>nws</sub>), and Carbon fiber (C<sub>f</sub>)) and impedance matching phase (SiOC ceramic) was fabricated by the precursor-derived method. The prepared SiC<sub>nws</sub>/CNTs/C<sub>f</sub>-C/SiOC (SCC-CS) composites exhibit an effective absorption (EAB) of 2.4 GHz at a thickness of 1.9 mm and a minimum reflection loss (RL<sub>min</sub>) of −58.44 dB (99% absorption) in the X band. The EMW absorption of the composite is attributed to the multiple loss mechanisms and favorable impedance matching with free space, caused by the multi-conductive phase and SiOC in the composite. In addition, the fabricated composites also have thermal insulation properties and can effectively achieve radar cross-sectional (RCS) reduction, which are promising aerospace composites with the integration of structure and function.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16173,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materiomics","volume":"11 2","pages":"Article 100885"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142441404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lei Wang , Yanyan Wang , Guwei Zong , Wei Hu , Yanqing Lu
{"title":"Liquid crystal based tunable terahertz metadevices","authors":"Lei Wang , Yanyan Wang , Guwei Zong , Wei Hu , Yanqing Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.jmat.2024.04.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmat.2024.04.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Metasurface significantly enriches the light-matter interaction and promotes the development of planar optics. In recent years, with the rapid advancements of terahertz (THz) technology, THz devices with switchable and reconfigurable functions have been intensively pursued. Liquid crystal (LC), a unique soft matter that combines the fluidity of liquids and the order of crystals, is now indispensable in displays and spatial light modulations. LC is integrated with metasurfaces to realize dynamic THz devices and apparatuses as well. This review summarizes the research progress in LC based THz metadevices in three different respects: LC planar THz devices, LC integrated metal metasurfaces, and LC integrated dielectric metasurfaces. Various technologies for fabrications of LC microstructures and integrations of LCs with metal or dielectric metasurfaces are presented. The obtained LC metadevices exhibit excellent responsiveness to external stimulus such as electric fields, magnetic fields, heat, and light. By this means, the amplitude, frequency, phase as well as polarization of THz waves are dynamically manipulated. The LC based tunable THz metadevices will significantly improve THz applications in imaging, communication, and sensing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16173,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materiomics","volume":"11 1","pages":"Article 100888"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S235284782400114X/pdfft?md5=32e1ee718ca1cf833843910d04ad5af9&pid=1-s2.0-S235284782400114X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142128643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wenlong Liu , Lingling Wu , Junming Zhang , Jingbo Sun , Ji Zhou
{"title":"Metamaterial springs for low-frequency vibration isolation","authors":"Wenlong Liu , Lingling Wu , Junming Zhang , Jingbo Sun , Ji Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.jmat.2024.04.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmat.2024.04.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Metadevices have emerged as a new element or system in recent years, from optics to mechanical science, showing superior performance and powerful application potential. In this study, a mechanical metadevice that capable of low-frequency vibration isolation, which is called metamaterial springs or metasprings, is proposed. Meanwhile, a modular design method is reported to obtain the customizable quasi-zero stiffness characteristic of the designed metaspring. As proof-of-concept, we demonstrate, both in simulations and experiments, the quasi-zero stiffness characteristics of the proposed metasprings using 3D-printed experimental specimens. Moreover, the low-frequency vibration isolation properties of the proposed metasprings is demonstrated both in vibration tests and automotive vibration tests. This work provides a new mechanical metadevice, that is, metasprings for low-frequency vibration isolation, as well as a modular design method for designing metasprings, which may revolutionize vibration isolation devices in the field of low-frequency vibration isolation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16173,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materiomics","volume":"11 1","pages":"Article 100884"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352847824001102/pdfft?md5=620ef7bf7641fbaf79c56fb1ccc1096c&pid=1-s2.0-S2352847824001102-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142128644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Designing a glass nanoshell on barium titanium trioxide to suppress nanocrystal growth during sintering for fine-grain dielectric ceramics","authors":"Jia Yu , Qi Jiang , Qingchao Jia , Liangzhu Zhang , Wenchun Chiu , Huidan Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.jmat.2024.04.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmat.2024.04.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Barium titanate (BaTiO<sub>3</sub>, BT) is one of the key dielectric materials for multilayer ceramic capacitor (MLCC) industry. To meet the development trend of miniaturization and high capacity of MLCC, the sintered ceramic with nanosized grain is required. Herein, we demonstrate a controllable preparation of fine-grain BaTiO<sub>3</sub> ceramic by using sol-gel glass encapsulation strategy to suppress the growth of nanocrystal during sintering. It is found that the BaTiO<sub>3</sub> nanocrystal with average lateral particle size of 70 nm and 200 nm (BT70 and BT200) can be coated with Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-SiO<sub>2</sub> (BBS) glass shell to form core-shell structures. The fine crystal of barium titanate ceramics can be achieved under different encapsulation quantities and sintering temperature. However, BT70, with a larger specific surface area, higher reactivity, and lower crystallinity, was more prone to hydrolyze in the sol-gel process, leading to the formation of a new phase after sintering, Ba<sub>2</sub>TiSi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8</sub>, which adversely affected both the sintering behavior and dielectric properties. On the other hand, BT200 exhibited lower possibility to hydrolyze in the sol-gel process, resulting in single-phase ceramics after sintering. When the BT200 coated with 5% (in mass) BBS was sintered at 1100 °C, a dense BaTiO<sub>3</sub> ceramic were obtained, with dielectric constant of 1194.23 and loss of 0.0139 at room temperature and 1 kHz. Therefore, this work provides a robust strategy for suppressing the nanocrystal growth during sintering for MLCC applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16173,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materiomics","volume":"11 2","pages":"Article 100883"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142427867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yingchun Liu , Hongjun Zhang , Wenming Shi , Kai Li , Bin Yang , Wenwu Cao , Jiubin Tan
{"title":"Ultra-low strain hysteresis in BaTiO3-based piezoelectric multilayer actuators via microstructural texture engineering","authors":"Yingchun Liu , Hongjun Zhang , Wenming Shi , Kai Li , Bin Yang , Wenwu Cao , Jiubin Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.jmat.2024.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmat.2024.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Piezoelectric multilayer actuators (MLAs) possess unique advantages of lower driving voltages and more compact structures than bulk ceramic actuators. However, the internal electrode layers in MLAs inevitably weaken the output and result in relatively lower strain. The hysteresis property of piezoelectric ceramics also significantly limits the positioning accuracy of MLAs. In this work, we adopted a synergistic strategy of crystallographic texturing and domain engineering in BaTiO<sub>3</sub>-based MLAs to enhance strains by improving piezoelectricity while simultaneously restraining the ultra-low hysteresis. We prepared [001]<sub><em>c</em></sub>-oriented (Ba<sub>0.95</sub>Ca<sub>0.05</sub>)(Ti<sub>0.94</sub>Zr<sub>0.055</sub>Sn<sub>0.005</sub>)O<sub>3</sub> (BCTZS) ceramic layers in MLAs through the template grain growth (TGG) method with a texture degree of ∼95%. The textured BCTZS MLAs had a large displacement of 196 nm at 200 V (∼2.4 times that of randomly oriented ones) and achieved ultra-low strain hysteresis (<em>H</em><sub>s</sub><9%). These almost identical displacement and strain hysteresis in textured MLAs before and after polarization at 200 V indicated better positioning repeatability under various voltage experiences. This finding can be attributed to easier domain switchings, because the high texture degree and the dominant “4O” domain configurations in textured grains accommodated the clamping stress, which decreased the domain wall energy but increased the domain flexibility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16173,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materiomics","volume":"11 2","pages":"Article 100882"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142427806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hwang-Pill Kim , Geon-Ju Lee , Ju-Hyeon Lee , Jae-Hyeon Cho , Hye-Lim Yu , Woo-Seok Kang , Joo-Hee Kang , Ho-Yong Lee , Wook Jo
{"title":"Poling-free relaxor-PbTiO3 single crystals","authors":"Hwang-Pill Kim , Geon-Ju Lee , Ju-Hyeon Lee , Jae-Hyeon Cho , Hye-Lim Yu , Woo-Seok Kang , Joo-Hee Kang , Ho-Yong Lee , Wook Jo","doi":"10.1016/j.jmat.2024.05.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmat.2024.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Relaxor-PbTiO<sub>3</sub> ferroelectric single crystals have drawn attention aiming at high-end piezoelectric applications thanks to their excellent piezoelectric properties. Like all the other ferroelectrics, relaxor-PbTiO<sub>3</sub> single crystals can only be piezoelectrically active upon being electrically poled. However, this poled state is thermally unstable, limiting their uses because of their relatively low depolarization temperature. Here, we show that a non-destructible permanent poled state can be realized in relaxor-PbTiO<sub>3</sub> single crystals by forming a 0–3 composite in the presence of charged mobile point defects. We demonstrate this on solid-state grown 0.71 Pb(Mg<sub>1/3</sub>Nb<sub>2/3</sub>)O<sub>3</sub>-0.29PbTiO<sub>3</sub> single crystals doped with Mn (Mn-PMNT) as a donor with well-aligned and dispersed boron-rich MgO-based inclusions (MBIs). Mn-PMNT<sub>MBI</sub> sharing [001] axis with arrayed MBIs were spontaneously polarized during cooling across the Curie temperature without an external electric field. The piezoelectric coefficient and dielectric permittivity of self-poled Mn-PMNT<sub>MBI</sub> crystals were as large as 90% of that achieved by a direct-current poling treatment at room temperature, and such poled state was reproducible against repeated thermal cycles. We expect that the poling-free high-performance piezoelectric relaxor-PbTiO<sub>3</sub> single crystals offer an avenue for piezoelectric-based devices by removing the working temperature limit as one of the inherent fundamental limitations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16173,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materiomics","volume":"11 3","pages":"Article 100887"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142658233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}