Journal of Intellectual Disability Research最新文献

{"title":"Use of Wearable Sensors in Angelman Syndrome: A Systematic Review","authors":"Veronika Vozka,&nbsp;Wei Siong Neo,&nbsp;Jane Kinkus Yatcilla,&nbsp;Carolyn E. B. McCormick,&nbsp;Roslyn Harold,&nbsp;Kimberly Gálvez-Ortega,&nbsp;Mihir Dey,&nbsp;Laura E. Fitzpatrick,&nbsp;A. J. Schwichtenberg,&nbsp;Orlando S. Hoilett,&nbsp;Dan Foti,&nbsp;Bridgette L. Kelleher","doi":"10.1111/jir.70121","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jir.70121","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Wearable sensors are a promising method for collecting clinical trial outcome data for people with Angelman syndrome (AS). However, there has yet to be a systematic probe into the ways in which wearable sensors have been successfully used in AS. The current study aims to provide a quantitative summary of wearable sensors used in AS, including contexts of use and psychometric properties, and to present key narrative highlights.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Literature searches were performed in three electronic databases: APA PsycInfo, PubMed and Web of Science Core Collection. Data items were categorized into four categories: sample characteristics, study methodological details, wearable sensor characteristics and psychometric properties assessed. Sample characteristics included sample size, age, biological sex, race/ethnicity and cognitive/developmental functioning. Study methodological details were subdivided into study design and setting. Wearable sensor characteristics included sensor type, placement site, means of attachment, assessed construct and sensor-related data loss. Psychometric properties assessed included reliability and validity of sensor-derived data.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We identified 16 articles through our systematic review. Wearable sensors were used to study sleep (<i>n</i> = 10, 62.5%), language (<i>n</i> = 2, 12.5%), gait (<i>n</i> = 2, 12.5%), caregiver proximity (<i>n</i> = 1, 6.3%), EEG power (<i>n =</i> 1, 6.3%), and arousal (<i>n</i> = 1, 6.3%) in AS through actigraphs, vocalization recorders, inertial sensors, radio-frequency identification watches, wireless EEG caps, and functional near-infrared spectroscopy caps, respectively. Findings from these studies broadly indicate that wearable sensors are feasible, reliable and valid for assessing a range of behaviours relevant to AS.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Wearable sensors are a promising solution to enhance assessments in AS. However, with the small extant literature characterized by small sample sizes and restricted focus on a few relevant features in AS, there remains ample opportunities to explore the use of wearable sensors in people with AS. Additional studies will better inform clinical decision-making and ultimately improve the lives of people with AS and their families.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16163,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intellectual Disability Research","volume":"70 10","pages":"985-1000"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jir.70121","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147930390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceived Autonomy in People With Intellectual Disabilities: Psychometric Properties of an Easy-to-Read Self-Administered Scale","authors":"Rómulo J. González-García,&nbsp;Daniel Ordiñana-Bellver,&nbsp;Carlos Pérez-Campos,&nbsp;Gabriel Martínez-Rico","doi":"10.1111/jir.70144","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jir.70144","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The concept of intellectual disability has evolved into a multidimensional approach. This approach recognises the importance of contextual and environmental factors, highlighting autonomy as essential for the well-being and quality of life of people with intellectual disabilities (ID).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study was designed to assess the psychometric properties of a new measure of perceived autonomy in people with ID, adapted to an Easy-to-Read (E2R) format for self-administration. The study was conducted in Spain. A total of 492 adults with ID attending occupational centres completed the scale. Exploratory (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were conducted on independent subsamples to examine its internal structure, together with reliability and validity evidence.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Participants reported moderate levels of perceived autonomy. The EFA yielded a two-factor structure—autonomy in future planning and autonomy in daily activities—accounting for 50.1% of the variance. The CFA corroborated this structure with an adequate fit (CFI = 0.949, TLI = 0.930, RMSEA = 0.084, SRMR = 0.083). Internal consistency was good (<i>ω</i> = 0.83; <i>α</i> = 0.79), and the two factors showed evidence of convergent and discriminant validity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The findings support the reliability and validity of the E2R scale as a self-report measure of perceived autonomy in people with ID. The two-factor structure indicates that this population distinguishes between autonomy in daily activities and autonomy in future planning, and that, when adequately adapted, people with ID can report their own perceived autonomy directly.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16163,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intellectual Disability Research","volume":"70 10","pages":"1102-1111"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148396946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Belonging in Reduced-Size Classrooms: Student Outcomes Among Chinese Upper Secondary Students With Intellectual and Other Documented Disabilities","authors":"Peizhu Shang,&nbsp;Yuxi Wu,&nbsp;Lizi Chen","doi":"10.1111/jir.70142","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jir.70142","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>International debates on inclusive education often position reduced-size or specialized classrooms as either supportive provision or potentially segregating placement. Student-perspective evidence remains limited, particularly for upper secondary students with intellectual and other documented disabilities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This sequential explanatory mixed-methods study examined associations between reduced-size classroom (RSC) placement and academic and socio-emotional outcomes among 153 upper secondary students with documented disabilities in Wuhan, China. Students were enrolled in RSCs of no more than eight students (<i>n</i> = 47) or mainstream classrooms with resource-room support (<i>n</i> = 106). Structural equation modelling estimated direct and indirect associations involving social integration, teacher support and academic self-efficacy, with prior special education experience treated as a key covariate. Semistructured interviews with nine RSC students explained and contextualized the quantitative patterns.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>After adjustment, RSC placement remained statistically associated with social integration, teacher support and academic self-efficacy, although estimates were attenuated. Bootstrap estimates supported indirect associations with subjective well-being through social integration and teacher support, and with academic achievement through teacher support and academic self-efficacy. Interviews highlighted belonging, personalized instruction, teacher closeness, reduced anxiety and academic confidence, while showing that students valued support quality more than placement labels.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Reduced-size placement was associated with more favourable student-reported outcomes when students perceived stronger relational security, individualized instruction and teacher support. Because placement was nonrandom and the quantitative data were cross-sectional, findings should be interpreted as associational rather than causal. The study shifts attention from a simple inclusion-versus-segregation binary toward placement quality and support processes that may be especially relevant for students with substantial support needs in upper secondary education.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16163,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intellectual Disability Research","volume":"70 10","pages":"1077-1091"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148412122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Psychotropic Use and Psychotropic Polypharmacy in a Finnish National Cohort of Persons With Intellectual Disabilities","authors":"Ville Virtanen,&nbsp;Leena Saastamoinen,&nbsp;Maria Arvio,&nbsp;Hannu T. Vesala,&nbsp;Sonja Miettinen,&nbsp;Antti Teittinen,&nbsp;Anna-Maija Tolppanen","doi":"10.1111/jir.70145","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jir.70145","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Psychotropic use and psychotropic polypharmacy are common in people with intellectual disabilities, but representative population-based studies on this topic are scarce. We evaluated the prevalence of psychotropic use and psychotropic polypharmacy in a Finnish nationwide cohort of people with intellectual disabilities aged 0–97 years.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The annual prevalence of psychotropic use in 2019 was studied among 37 196 individuals with intellectual disabilities and an age- and sex-matched comparison cohort with no diagnosis of intellectual disabilities. Psychotropics included antipsychotics, antidepressants, anxiolytics, hypnotics and sedatives and antiepileptics indicated for bipolar disorder (carbamazepine, valproic acid, lamotrigine, pregabalin and clonazepam). Prevalence of interclass psychotropic polypharmacy (use from ≥ 2 different psychotropic groups) was evaluated in a 4-month time window at the end of 2019.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prevalence of psychotropic use was higher in the intellectual disability cohort (42.3%) than comparison cohort (15.0%). Antipsychotics were the most common psychotropic group in the intellectual disability cohort (28%), with lower prevalence in the comparison cohort (3.3%). The prevalence of antidepressant use was 19.4% in the intellectual disability cohort and 9.7% in the comparison cohort. A likely indication was identified for 52.9% of psychotropic users with intellectual disability (major psychiatric comorbidity 38.1%, challenging behaviour 22.1%). Psychotropic polypharmacy was more common in the intellectual disability cohort (18.2%), than in the comparison cohort (3.6%).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings highlight concerns about psychotropic polypharmacy and potential overmedication. Using a comprehensive, nationwide cohort, this study emphasises the need for more evidence-based, person-centred approaches, including careful diagnostics, non-pharmacological interventions and regular treatment reviews.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16163,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intellectual Disability Research","volume":"70 10","pages":"1112-1124"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jir.70145","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148447502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Diagnostic Performance of Triglyceride–Glucose–Based Indices for Early Detection of Metabolic Syndrome in Paediatric Down Syndrome","authors":"Valeria Calcaterra,&nbsp;Lucia Labati,&nbsp;Alessandra Anna Gazzarri,&nbsp;Alice De Lorenzo,&nbsp;Ilaria Anna Maria Scavone,&nbsp;Gianvincenzo Zuccotti","doi":"10.1111/jir.70134","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jir.70134","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Down syndrome (DS) youth have an increased risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study assessed the diagnostic performance of the triglyceride–glucose index (TyG) and its derivatives—TyG-BMI, TyG-waist circumference (WC) and TyG-waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) in detecting MetS compared with traditional markers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We retrospectively analysed data from 60 DS patients and 40 controls; IR was estimated using HOMA-IR, TyG, TyG-BMI, TyG-WC and TyG-WHtR indices. MetS was defined by the presence of at least three of the following criteria: BMI <i>z</i>-score ≥ 2 SD and/or WC/H ratio ≥ 0.5; fasting glucose &gt; 100 mg/dL and/or pathological HOMA-IR; dyslipidaemia; hypertension.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>MetS prevalence was 15% in DS. HOMA-IR showed the highest sensitivity (0.667) and specificity (0.80) to detect MetS, while TyG demonstrated similar performance (sensitivity 0.667; specificity 0.843) and the best overall accuracy (0.817). Composite indices showed moderate accuracy but high specificity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>TyG, being simple and cost-effective, may be a valuable alternative for early MetS detection in DS.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16163,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intellectual Disability Research","volume":"70 10","pages":"1022-1032"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jir.70134","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148308130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are Bioimpedance Parameters Altered in Adults With Down Syndrome? A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Anselmo de Athayde Costa e Silva,&nbsp;María Carbó-Carreté,&nbsp;Casimiro Javierre,&nbsp;Joan Guàrdia-Olmo,&nbsp;Stamatis Agiovlasitis,&nbsp;Guillermo R. Oviedo","doi":"10.1111/jir.70143","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jir.70143","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) exhibit altered body composition that could be assessed through bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). This study aims to compare the BIA measures and bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) between individuals with and without DS.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We evaluated 46 individuals with and 46 without DS through BIA and BIVA. We employed generalized linear models (GLM) to assess the effects of group and sex on BIA, adjusting by age and height.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Individuals with DS had lower whole-body resistance/height (DS: 332.1 ± 51.1; non-DS: 349.0 ± 57.5 Ω/m), reactance/height (DS: 36.4 ± 5.0; non-DS: 41.9 ± 4.9 Ω/m) and impedance/height (DS: 334.1 ± 51.2; non-DS: 351.4 ± 57.6 Ω/m), while men with DS showed lower phase angle (DS: 6.4 ± 0.7; non-DS: 7.0° ± 0.5°) and lower bioimpedance index (DS: 50.8 ± 6.1; non-DS: 55.2 ± 6.5 Ω/m²); men and women with DS had higher total body water (males <i>p</i> = 0.030; females <i>p</i> = 0.006) and intracellular water (males <i>p</i> = 0.020; females <i>p</i> = 0.010) compared with individuals without DS; women had lower extracellular water (males <i>p</i> = 0.090; females <i>p</i> = 0.004) compared with individuals without DS; the bioelectrical vectors for individuals with DS were different from the population ellipses (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.050), and showed overhydration compared with non-DS.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Adults with DS showed a distinct hydration pattern in comparison with non-DS adults, as shown in BIA and BIVA analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16163,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intellectual Disability Research","volume":"70 10","pages":"1092-1101"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148397002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to “Feasibility, Test–Retest Reliability and Convergent Validity of the Two- Minute Step Test in Older Adults With Intellectual Disabilities”","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/jir.70132","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jir.70132","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 <span>De Bondt, M.M.A</span>, <span>Hilgenkamp, T.I.M</span>, <span>Oppewal, A.</span> (<span>2026</span>) <span>Feasibility, Test–Retest Reliability and Convergent Validity of the Two-Minute Step Test in Older Adults With Intellectual Disabilities</span>. <i>Journal of Intellectual Disability Research</i>, <span>70</span>: <span>287</span>–<span>294</span>. https://doi.org/10.1111/jir.70070.</p><p>In Table 2, the categorisation of feasibility for the moderate level of ID group, for the first 2MST measurement, was incorrect. The percentage “58.2” was assigned to “Moderate” but should have been classified as “Good”.</p><p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":16163,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intellectual Disability Research","volume":"70 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jir.70132","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148199224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of the Q87.11 ICD Code for Prader-Willi Syndrome","authors":"James Luccarelli,&nbsp;Theresa V. Strong,&nbsp;Thomas H. McCoy Jr.","doi":"10.1111/jir.70140","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jir.70140","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare genetic disorder that is identified by the ICD-10 code Q87.11. Although this code has been used in several large studies, its diagnostic validity has not been evaluated. This study assessed the accuracy of the Q87.11 code for identifying individuals with PWS.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The electronic health record (EHR) of a large health system was reviewed for patients with the Q87.11 code. Additionally, a 10% random sample of patients with free-text evidence of possible PWS but no code was reviewed. All charts were assessed for PWS using expert review. Diagnostic validity of the Q87.11 code was assessed at both the individual level (i.e., using a single diagnostic code at any point in the EHR to define the patient as having PWS) and encounter level (looking at coding behaviour for individual inpatient or outpatient episodes of care) using sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of 2 718 218 patients with ≥ 4 recorded encounters, 126 had at least one Q87.11 code; 122 were confirmed to have PWS by chart review. This yielded a PPV of 96.8% (95% CI: 92.0%–99.1%). Full-chart review of patients with text evidence of PWS but no code estimated a code sensitivity of 92.4% (95% CI: 68.9%–100%) and specificity and NPV of 100%. On a per-encounter basis, sensitivity was 79.4% (95% CI: 62.6%–91.1%) for inpatient and 46.0% (95% CI: 44.1%–47.9%) for outpatient visits.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A single use of the Q87.11 diagnostic code produces excellent sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV for identifying patients with PWS, although sensitivity is lower for individual outpatient encounters compared with inpatient ones. The overall accuracy of the Q87.11 code supports the validity of using this code in the analysis of administrative claims datasets.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16163,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intellectual Disability Research","volume":"70 10","pages":"1125-1129"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148308193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary Testing of the English Version of the Adolescent Screener for Intelligence and Learning Disabilities (SCIL) Among Adolescents in Nigeria","authors":"Eziafakaku Uchechukwu Nwokolo,&nbsp;Glynis H. Murphy,&nbsp;Anne-Marie Mensink,&nbsp;Xavier Moonen,&nbsp;Peter E. Langdon","doi":"10.1111/jir.70136","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jir.70136","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There are few screening tools for intellectual disabilities that have been developed and used within Africa. This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the English version of the adolescent Screener for Intelligence and Learning Disabilities (SCIL) when used with Nigerian adolescents and young people.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Two hundred nine adolescents and young people (aged 11–26 years) completed the SCIL and took part in an assessment of their level of general intellectual functioning and adaptive behaviour. Initially, principal components analysis was used to determine whether SCIL items should be retained or removed. Discriminative and convergent validity were then examined, along with the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive (PPV) and negative predictive (NPV) values, using adjusted and nonadjusted diagnostic criteria for intellectual disability. The diagnostic criteria were adjusted because Western intelligence tests were not developed for use within Africa, and their use without adjustment remains contentious.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>All SCIL items were retained. The SCIL had good internal consistency, discriminative and convergent validity. Using adjusted diagnostic criteria, a SCIL cutoff score of 10 revealed sensitivity = 0.66, specificity = 1, PPV = 1 and NPV = 0.83 for identifying those with an intellectual disability. AUC was 0.91. Unadjusted diagnostic criteria and the original SCIL cutoff score of 15, revealed sensitivity = 0.67, specificity = 0.98, PPV = 0.96 and NPV = 0.82 with an AUC of 0.96.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The SCIL has good psychometric properties when used with Nigerian adolescents. Further factor analytic work is needed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16163,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intellectual Disability Research","volume":"70 10","pages":"1033-1042"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jir.70136","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148368691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying Key Gaps: A Qualitative Exploration of Physicians-in-Training Caring for Adults With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities","authors":"Jessica Solomon Sanders,&nbsp;Ashley C. Dafoe,&nbsp;Elizabeth Paschal,&nbsp;Keerti Vajrala,&nbsp;Talia Thompson,&nbsp;Eric Campbell,&nbsp;Brooke Dorsey Holliman","doi":"10.1111/jir.70137","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jir.70137","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>As increasing numbers of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) live into adulthood, they struggle to access high-quality, age-appropriate healthcare. Physicians who feel ill-prepared to care for adults with IDD contribute to worsened access to and quality of care, which can ultimately lead to poorer health outcomes for this population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Investigate physician-in-training perceptions of, experiences with and needs for treating patients with IDD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted qualitative, semistructured interviews with 20 senior resident physicians from five residency programs affiliated with the University of Colorado. We analysed data using thematic content analysis to identify and develop overarching themes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Four major themes emerged using thematic content analysis. First, communication challenges decreased resident confidence in the quality of care they provide. Second, residents felt that they did not have adequate skills to treat patients with IDD. Third, residents felt that this population of adults is not within the purview of most of their practice specialties. Lastly, physicians-in-training felt that more exposure to and support in caring for patients with IDD would increase their comfort treating patients with IDD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Residents in adult specialties felt ill-equipped to care for adults with IDD and limited experiences heightened their fear of making mistakes. Greater experiential learning and better support resources could improve their confidence and future care quality for this important population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16163,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intellectual Disability Research","volume":"70 10","pages":"1043-1050"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148376030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}