Journal of long-term effects of medical implants最新文献

{"title":"A Comprehensive Histomorphometric and Surface Roughness Evaluation of Sandblasted Acid-Etched (SLA) Titanium Alloy Implants: Perspectives from an Experimental Rabbit Osseointegration Analysis.","authors":"Ramesh Chowdhary, Prajna P Shetty, V Midhula, N Sonahalli, N Shetty","doi":"10.1615/JLongTermEffMedImplants.2025059543","DOIUrl":"10.1615/JLongTermEffMedImplants.2025059543","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Oral implants are a reliable and effective solution for replacing missing teeth. The surface topography of dental implants is essential for osseointegration, a critical factor for long-term success. Both macroscopic and microscopic features of the implant surface contribute significantly to achieving and maintaining osseointegration. Surface topography is especially important for the bone-tissue response to a dental implant, particularly during unloaded conditions. This factor enhances osseointegration in compromised bone conditions, where an oxidized surface can improve coagulum stability, facilitating bone healing on the implant surface.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Forty titanium alloy implants of a commercially available design, each 4 mm in diameter and 8 mm in length, were used. The implants were divided into two groups: 20 control implants with machined surfaces and 20 test implants treated with SLA. All implants had a similar thread design (Buttress, IFIX, India). The first part of the study assessed surface roughness using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and evaluated surface topography with a 3D optical profilometer using white light laser. The second part investigated the early bone response and biological reaction to the modified implant surface using Netherland lop-eared rabbits. Test and control implants were placed contra laterally in the left and right hind legs of the rabbits, both in the proximal tibia and distal femur condyle. All implants were retrieved en bloc with the surrounding bone, fixed in 4% buffered formaldehyde, and subjected to histomorphometric analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SLA-treated titanium alloy implants showed greater bone volume and bone-to-implant contact compared to machined surface implants.</p>","PeriodicalId":16125,"journal":{"name":"Journal of long-term effects of medical implants","volume":"36 1","pages":"55-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146150041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrospective Cohort Study Comparing Rates of Symptomatic Implants Requiring Removal between Standard versus Low-Profile Tibial Nail Interlocking Screws.","authors":"Bassel El Sayed, Jayanth Kumar, Kara Holt, Jonathan Arias, Nicolas Dohse, Nicolas Giusti, Nicholas James, Adam Gitlin, Porter Young","doi":"10.1615/JLongTermEffMedImplants.2025061946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/JLongTermEffMedImplants.2025061946","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to compare the rates of symptomatic implants requiring removal between intramedullary tibia nails using standard (SD) versus low-profile (LP) screws. We hypothesize that LP screws will demonstrate lower rates of symptomatic screw removal compared with SD interlocking screws with no difference in secondary outcomes. We performed a retrospective cohort study of all patients 18-89 years old who underwent IMN of tibia fractures from November 2018 to February 2023 at a single, academic level one trauma center. The primary outcome analyzed was symptomatic screws requiring removal. Secondary outcomes analyzed include the incidence of superficial and deep infection, screw backout/failure, nonunion and quality of reduction. A total of 358 tibia fractures were reviewed and 179 met inclusion criteria. 138 cases utilized SD screws and 41 utilized LP screws. The average patient age was 42.8 years with mean follow-up of 20.6 months. There was no difference in the rate of symptomatic screws requiring removal (2.22% vs. 7.32%, P = 0.1082), screw backout/failure (4.35% vs. 9.76%, P = 0.1855) and nonunion (10.14% vs. 19.51%, P = 0.1087). The rates of superficial infection (10.87% vs. 24.39%, P = 0.0283) and deep infection (9.42% vs. 21.95%, P = 0.0319) were decreased in the SD group. The reduction quality was marginally better in the LP cohort. Our study demonstrates LP screws have similar rates of symptomatic screws requiring removal with minimal difference in secondary outcomes except for superficial and deep infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":16125,"journal":{"name":"Journal of long-term effects of medical implants","volume":"36 2","pages":"77-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149181259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histopathological Insights into Peri-Implant Mucosal Inflammation: Comparative Analysis of Peri-Implant Mucositis and Peri-Implantitis as Distinct Disease Entities with Emphasis on Foreign Body Reactions.","authors":"Janani Babu, Arvina Rajasekar","doi":"10.1615/JLongTermEffMedImplants.2025062232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/JLongTermEffMedImplants.2025062232","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Peri-implant diseases, including peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis, constitute significant human health challenges that threaten implant longevity despite advances in implant medicine. These inflammatory disease entities compromise peri-implant tissue integrity and oral wellbeing, with growing public health relevance due to the widespread use of dental implants. Increasing evidence implicates tribocorrosion-induced titanium particle release in provoking foreign body-mediated inflammation, facilitating disease progression from a reversible inflammatory illness to an irreversible destructive condition. This study aimed to compare the histopathological characteristics of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis. Fifty systemically healthy individuals with titanium implants in function for approximately one year were enrolled and categorized into two groups-peri-implant mucositis (n = 25) and peri-implantitis (n = 25), based on clinical and radiographic criteria. Peri-implant mucosal biopsies were obtained and stained with hematoxylin and eosin for histopathological evaluation. Parameters including epithelial morphology, inflammatory cell infiltrate, fibroblast distribution, vascularity, and evidence of foreign material or giant cell response were assessed. Peri-implant mucositis demonstrated parakeratinized stratified squamous epithelium with epithelial downgrowth and chronic inflammatory infiltrates of lymphocytes and plasma cells. Conversely, peri-implantitis revealed dense mixed inflammatory infiltrates with neutrophils, macrophages, and multinucleated giant cells encircling amorphous eosinophilic debris suggestive of metallic particles, indicative of a foreign body-type reaction. Distinct histopathological patterns differentiate peri-implant mucositis from peri-implantitis. The presence of foreign material and multinucleated giant cells in peri-implantitis underscores the potential role of tribocorrosion and titanium particle release in its pathogenesis. Early identification and preventive management are vital for maintaining peri-implant health.</p>","PeriodicalId":16125,"journal":{"name":"Journal of long-term effects of medical implants","volume":"36 2","pages":"11-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149182401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Osteogenesis potential of different graft materials around dental implants: An animal study.","authors":"Mahdi Gholami, Solmaz Pourgonabadi, Christoph Bourauel, Farangis Rahimi, Pedram Zabeti, Farzaneh Ahrari","doi":"10.1615/JLongTermEffMedImplants.2025056690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/JLongTermEffMedImplants.2025056690","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Limited research exists concerning the osteogenesis potential of different graft materials. This study compared the osteogenesis potential of autograft, xenograft, and synthetic graft material to support implants inserted in dogs' sternums. Thirteen dogs were divided into three groups based on the sacrifice time (2, 4, and 6 months). Extensive osteotomies were carried out in the sternum bone of dogs, and the implants were placed in the bone defects. The gaps around the implants were then filled with autograft, xenograft (CeraboneŴ), or synthetic graft (Osteone II) materials in all groups of animals. The animals were sacrificed after 2, 4, or 6 months, and bone blocks around the implants were resected. Then, expression of candidate osteogenic genes, including Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) 7, and bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein (BGLAP) were assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The two-way ANOVA manifested no significant interaction between the two factors, \"graft materials\" and \"healing intervals\" (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference between the grafting substitutes concerning the expression of ALP, RUNX2, BMP7, and BGLAP (P > 0.05). In addition, no significant difference was observed in the expression of osteogenesis genes between the 2-, 4-, and 6-month groups (P > 0.05). Considering the expression of osteogenesis biomarkers, it appears that xenograft (CeraboneŴ) and synthetic graft (Osteon II) materials can be applied as suitable alternatives to autograft for filling defects around dental implants.</p>","PeriodicalId":16125,"journal":{"name":"Journal of long-term effects of medical implants","volume":"36 2","pages":"51-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149182488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inflammatory and Antioxidant Status in Peri-Implant Health and Diseases: A Biochemical Analysis.","authors":"Poulami Chakraborty, Arvina Rajasekar","doi":"10.1615/JLongTermEffMedImplants.2025052691","DOIUrl":"10.1615/JLongTermEffMedImplants.2025052691","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Peri-implant disease pathogenesis results in production of pro-inflammatory mediators. These mediators alter the redox balance leading to decrease in antioxidants. The aim of the study was to compare the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in peri-implant health and diseases.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The present observational study was carried out from March 2023 to September 2023 in the Department of Implantology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai, India. A total of 60 patients with peri-implant health (n = 20), peri-implant mucositis (n = 20) and peri-implantitis (n = 20) were enrolled. Unstimulated salivary samples were collected and subjected to ELISA for IL-6 and SOD analysis. IL-6 and SOD levels were then compared between the groups using ANOVA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a statistically significant difference in IL-6 and SOD levels between the three groups with p value of 0.003 and 0.000 respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present study suggests that IL-6 level increases and SOD level decreases with severity of peri-implant diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":16125,"journal":{"name":"Journal of long-term effects of medical implants","volume":"35 2","pages":"77-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143996040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Dimple-Based TMJ Design and Its Biomechanical Effect on Reducing Stress.","authors":"Vamsi Krishna Dommeti, Mohadese Rajaeirad, Nima Jamshidi, Sandipan Roy","doi":"10.1615/JLongTermEffMedImplants.2024052501","DOIUrl":"10.1615/JLongTermEffMedImplants.2024052501","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders significantly impact orofacial health and quality of life, necessitating effective interventions. This study presents a comprehensive finite element analysis (FEA) focusing on the design and material modifications of temporomandibular joint implants, with the aim of improving their long-term stability and performance. Accurate mandible models extracted from Computational Tomography (CT) scans were used to create three variations of implants, each attached using varying screw configurations ranging from 2 to 5 for each analysis. The variations included implants without dimples, implants with 10% dimples, and implants with 20% dimples. The FEA considered material properties of Titanium and Ti-Nb-Zr alloy for the implants. The FEA results revealed that for 10% dimples models, equivalent stress was reduced by 6.25% with two screws fixation and further decreased by 14.28% with three screws, irrespective of the implant volume, reaffirming the significance of screw fixation. The model secured with three screws exhibited the least amount of stress for both titanium and zirconium alloys and dimple implants showed promise in reducing stress levels, particularly in low bone density conditions. These findings not only underscore the potential advantages of dimple implants in facilitating bone in growth and stability at the bone-implant interface but also highlight the pivotal role of implant dimples in modulating stress levels. The study contributes valuable insights for future advancements in TMJ implantology, offering potential optimizations for implant design and clinical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":16125,"journal":{"name":"Journal of long-term effects of medical implants","volume":"35 2","pages":"33-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144013805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgical Site Infections Following Spinal Instrumentation: A Review of Risk Factors and Treatment Options.","authors":"Kalliopi Alpantaki, Alexandros Tsioupros, Christos Koutserimpas, Constantinos Chaniotakis, Alexander Hadjipavlou","doi":"10.1615/JLongTermEffMedImplants.2024051157","DOIUrl":"10.1615/JLongTermEffMedImplants.2024051157","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Postoperative infection of the instrumented spine carries serious morbidity, great cost, and even failure of the original objective. In the present review, we discuss the predisposing risk factors, analyze the effectiveness of preventive measures, and evaluate evidence-based treatment options for surgical site infections (SSIs) in spinal instrumentation procedures. Several risk factors are identified. Preoperative factors include concomitant infections, immunocompromised host conditions, advanced age, obesity, malnutrition, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, tobacco use, and previous spinal surgery with instrumentation. Intraoperative factors include perioperative hypothermia, prolonged duration of surgery, posterior spinal approach, and violation of sterile conditions. Postoperative factors include paralytic patient and prolonged hospital bed rest. Distinct treatment options have been devised for the management of postoperative infection without the need of removing the instrumentation. Debridement is the initial approach and antibiotic therapy is an adjunctive step. Closure of the wound after infection may be accomplished by delayed primary, secondary intention closure or by other surgical methods such as continuing suction irrigation,VAC, and hyperbaric oxygen treatment. Infections with extensive soft tissue destruction and myonecrosis are best dealt with using muscle flaps after extensive debridement. Specific measures should be taken to minimize or eliminate the risk factors and optimize the patient's condition before spinal surgery with implants. However, if infection occurs despite prophylaxis, treatment should be instituted quickly and aggressively to prevent or reduce its consequences.</p>","PeriodicalId":16125,"journal":{"name":"Journal of long-term effects of medical implants","volume":"35 2","pages":"47-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144039992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Proximal Contact Type and Implant Site on Peri-Implant Papillary Architecture in the Maxillary Anterior Region: A Cross-Sectional Clinical Study.","authors":"Vipul Anand, Arvina Rajasekar","doi":"10.1615/JLongTermEffMedImplants.2025059317","DOIUrl":"10.1615/JLongTermEffMedImplants.2025059317","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The interdental papilla plays a critical role in both the function and esthetics of the anterior maxilla. In implant dentistry, maintaining this delicate soft tissue is often challenging, particularly when implants are adjacent to each other, due to anatomical and vascular limitations. To evaluate the mean height of the peri-implant papilla in the maxillary anterior region and investigate its association with the type of adjacent structure (natural tooth or implant) and implant location (central incisor, lateral incisor, canine). This cross-sectional study included 298 patients with 342 implants and 684 contact areas in the anterior maxilla, with at least 1 year of functional loading. Sites were categorized into implant-tooth (n = 401) and implant-implant (n = 283) groups. Papilla height was measured and statistical analysis was performed using independent t-tests and ANOVA. Mean papilla height was significantly greater in implant-tooth contacts than implant-implant contacts (P < 0.05). At central incisors, papilla height was 3.4 ± 0.4 mm (implant-tooth) vs. 3.0 ± 0.3 mm (implant-implant); at lateral incisors, 2.8 ± 0.3 mm vs. 2.6 ± 0.1 mm; and at canines, 3.0 ± 0.4 mm vs. 2.8 ± 0.2 mm. Central incisors consistently showed the highest papilla values. Peri-implant papilla height is significantly greater at implant-tooth contact sites compared with implant-implant sites in the anterior maxilla. Among all locations, central incisor regions demonstrated the highest papilla levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":16125,"journal":{"name":"Journal of long-term effects of medical implants","volume":"35 4","pages":"63-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145488839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Torque Type and Bone Loss on the Stability Quotient of Two Implants with Prostheses.","authors":"João Paulo do Vale Souza, Daniela Micheline Dos Santos, Clóvis Lamartine de Moraes Melo Neto, Lucas Tavares Piacenza, Emily Vivianne Freitas da Silva, Lisiane Cristina Bannwart, Marcelo Coelho Goiato","doi":"10.1615/JLongTermEffMedImplants.2025060463","DOIUrl":"10.1615/JLongTermEffMedImplants.2025060463","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Osseointegration is related to the stability of the screw and influences the success rate of implant-supported prosthetic rehabilitation, as it promotes natural healing and effective bone formation, facilitating the preservation of the implant in the recipient site. Factors such as surgical technique, insertion torque, the type of recipient bone, and the macro- and microstructure of the implant can affect screw stability. The objective of this study is to analyze in vivo the influence of insertion torque, recipient bone type, and peri-implant bone loss on the implant stability quotient (ISQ) values of cylindrical implants with external hexagon (EH) and Morse taper (MT) connections, featuring a new surface treatment called referenced acid etching (RAE). A total of 40 implants were placed in edentulous areas following predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Immediately after implant placement (t0), insertion torque, resonance frequency, digital periapical radiographs, and peri-implant evaluation were recorded. Resonance frequency analysis, periapical radiographs, and peri-implant evaluations were repeated after osseointegration (t1) and 180 d after rehabilitation (t2). The data obtained were statistically analyzed using specific tests for each type of analysis, with a significance level of 5%. Regarding the ISQ value at t1, it resulted in a high value, with a significant reduction at t2, for both types of connection, there was bone resorption for the HE and bone gain for the MT. The installation of the implants up to 180 d of prosthesis functionality, stability, bone gain or loss and type of bone, presented clinically acceptable conditions for all connections studied.</p>","PeriodicalId":16125,"journal":{"name":"Journal of long-term effects of medical implants","volume":"35 4","pages":"51-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145488976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Posterior Single Tooth Loss on Oral Health-Related Quality of Life and Single-Unit Immediate Implant Loading: Six-Month Follow-up Study.","authors":"Matheus Herreira-Ferreira, Yuri Martins Costa, Rafaela Stocker Salbego, Beatriz Amaral de Lima-Netto, Paulo César Rodrigues Conti, Estevam Augusto Bonfante, Leonardo Rigoldi Bonjardim","doi":"10.1615/JLongTermEffMedImplants.2025056315","DOIUrl":"10.1615/JLongTermEffMedImplants.2025056315","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The current study sought to assess the impact on quality of life in individuals with a single posterior tooth loss, as well as its improvement after a single-unit immediate implant loading in a 6-month follow-up. Forty patients with a single posterior tooth loss were evaluated for oral health-related quality of life using the OHIP-14 before and six months after rehabilitation, as well as anxiety and depression symptoms using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The Two-Way ANOVA was used to compare OHIP-14 scores at the tooth loss site and after rehabilitation. Descriptive statistics were computed for the HADS and OHIP-14 domains. Thirty-three patients that remained in the sample presented significantly reduced OHIP-14 scores after 6 months of rehabilitation, regardless the tooth loss site. Physical pain, psychological discomfort, psychological disability, and physical disability were the four most affected OHIP-14 domains and presented improvement after the rehabilitation. The individuals presented HADS scores for anxiety and depressive symptoms majorly within the normal range. Posterior single tooth loss has a detrimental impact on oral health-related quality of life. Either function or psychological domains appear to be impacted. The patients' rehabilitation was found to have a significant impact on quality-of-life improvement.</p>","PeriodicalId":16125,"journal":{"name":"Journal of long-term effects of medical implants","volume":"35 4","pages":"69-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145488999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}