Journal of Ginseng Research最新文献

{"title":"Contemporary perceptions of ginseng among individuals with health needs: A nationwide questionnaire survey","authors":"Yinger Gu,&nbsp;Zheng Yao,&nbsp;Keyi Shi,&nbsp;Lei Huang,&nbsp;Pingchun Yang,&nbsp;Qiaoping Zhao,&nbsp;Ting Lu,&nbsp;Yaping Meng,&nbsp;Ji Jin,&nbsp;Xiaoteng Chen,&nbsp;Nv Xia,&nbsp;Yingchun Zhang,&nbsp;Fangfang Wang,&nbsp;Lijuan Ma,&nbsp;Yangqing Zheng,&nbsp;Haifeng Huang,&nbsp;Cheng Wang,&nbsp;Lingling Lou,&nbsp;Longlong Fan,&nbsp;Jue Zhou,&nbsp;Fan Qu","doi":"10.1016/j.jgr.2026.101027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgr.2026.101027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>As market interest and consumer demand for ginseng increase, there remains a limited understanding of ginseng among individuals with health needs. This study investigated these perceptions and their influencing factors through a nationwide survey in China.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A multicenter, cross-sectional questionnaire survey was carried out from September 26 to October 10, 2025, across 15 medical institutions in China, involving a total of 5041 patients.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Individuals with health needs showed different ginseng perceptions based on their health status. Those without chronic diseases demonstrated higher awareness of traditional ginseng benefits such as boosting immunity (89.05%) and combating fatigue (76.22%), greater familiarity with American ginseng (77.18%), and primarily relied on family/friends (70.22%) for information. Individuals with chronic conditions demonstrated a diminished awareness of traditional benefits but a heightened recognition of mood and mental state improvement (61.84%), and an increased familiarity with ginseng cultivated in Korea (71.41%) and mountain-cultivated ginseng (73.45%). Their information sources were predominantly from physicians, pharmacists, and nutritionists (63.26%). Medical professionals demonstrated limited awareness of niche varieties like mountain-cultivated ginseng (23.94%) and specific disease-management benefits like blood sugar regulation (26.02%). Regarding safety perception, 69.56% held neutral or unaware views on potential side effects, and 20.99% incorrectly believed ginseng was suitable for everyone.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>There exists heterogeneity in the understanding of ginseng across various groups, and the public health education should employ targeted strategies for people with different health statuses to encourage rational use of ginseng.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ginseng Research","volume":"50 4","pages":"Article 101027"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13324102/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148375853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Panax ginseng as a microbial ecosystem modulator: implications for systemic health via the gut-organ axes","authors":"Xiang Li,&nbsp;Yuyang Zhao,&nbsp;Ning Liu,&nbsp;Yixin Zhang,&nbsp;Ruoyan Liu,&nbsp;Wenhui Shan,&nbsp;Jie Zhang,&nbsp;Tianli Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jgr.2026.101059","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgr.2026.101059","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Panax ginseng</em> C.A. Meyer, a renowned medicinal herb, exerts many of its systemic effects through intricate interactions with the gut microbiota, a relationship that also addresses the challenge of its own limited oral bioavailability. This review comprehensively examines the role of ginseng and its bioactive constituents in modulating gut microbiota and their subsequent influence on host health through key gut-organ axes. Based on an in-depth analysis of literature, we summarize how ginseng intervention is associated with a modulated gut microbial ecology-characterized by enriched beneficial taxa and suppressed pathogens-and is further linked to enhanced barrier integrity, regulated microbial metabolites, and reduced inflammation and oxidative stress. These mechanisms underlie its protective effects across multiple organ systems, including the gut-brain, gut-liver, gut-lung, gut-heart, and gut-kidney axes, ameliorating conditions such as cognitive decline, hepatic inflammation, pulmonary fibrosis, atherosclerosis, and renal injury. Clinical evidence further associates ginseng with improved metabolic and cognitive parameters correlated to microbial changes. We conclude that the therapeutic activity of ginseng appears to involve, and is likely modulated by, its prebiotic-like influence on the gut microbiota. However, the degree to which its efficacy is microbiota-dependent varies across different organ systems, as established by current evidence. Further mechanistic and clinical studies, particularly those employing causal models, are essential to definitively validate its potential in treating chronic diseases via microbiota-based strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ginseng Research","volume":"50 4","pages":"Article 101059"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13323878/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148375888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytogenomic profiling of Panax ginseng cultivars and in vitro root cultures through multi-color PLOP-FISH and flow cytometry reveals somaclonal variations","authors":"Eliazar A. Peniton Jr.,&nbsp;Hong T. Nguyen,&nbsp;Nomar E. Waminal,&nbsp;Tae-Jin Yang,&nbsp;Hyun Hee Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.jgr.2026.101058","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgr.2026.101058","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div><em>Panax ginseng</em> Meyer (Korean ginseng) is valued as the “King of medicinal plants” for its broad therapeutic properties. Cytogenomic research that defines chromosome-level genome organization provides important information for breeding and cultivar authentication. However, despite the development of many ginseng cultivars, comparative chromosome-level cytogenomic data for identifying and distinguishing them remain limited. Recently, fluorescence <em>in situ</em> hybridization using pre-labeled oligonucleotide probes (PLOP-FISH) and flow cytometry (FC) have enabled efficient chromosome-level genome characterization.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Multi-color PLOP-FISH using three universal tandem repeat probes (5S rDNA, 45S rDNA and <em>Arabidopsis</em>-type telomeric DNA) and four ginseng genome-specific repeats (<em>Pg167TRa,</em> <em>Pg167TRb</em><em>, PgDel1</em> and <em>PgDel2)</em> was performed to elucidate the detailed chromosomal composition of nine ginseng cultivars and four culture lines. Genome size variations were assessed by flow cytometry.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>All nine cultivars and three <em>in vitro</em> root culture lines retained the standard chromosome number (2<em>n</em> = 48), whereas the transgenic hairy root line TYP1 showed aneuploidy (2<em>n</em> = 44), indicating loss of four chromosomes. <em>Pg1</em><em>67TR</em> signals revealed cultivar- and line-specific insertions, deletions, and transpositions, supporting <em>Pg167TRa/b</em> as informative cytogenetic markers. In TYP1, repeat-distribution patterns verified tetra-monosomy of chromosomes 8, 13, 16, and 17. Chromosome loss occurred more frequently in the <em>PgDel2</em>-rich subgenome than in the <em>PgDel2</em>-poor subgenome. Flow cytometry corroborated a significant reduction in nuclear DNA content in TYP1.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study provides comparative cytogenomic insights into <em>P. ginseng</em> cultivars and <em>in vitro</em> lines, highlighting <em>Pg167TRa/b</em> as effective markers and demonstrating that PLOP-FISH with FC can track chromosomal variation relevant to breeding, metabolite production, and genomic studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ginseng Research","volume":"50 4","pages":"Article 101058"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13324206/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148375940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Activation of BMPR1b–SMAD pathway by Ginsenoside F1 restores osteoblast function in ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis","authors":"Sulagna Mukherjee,&nbsp;Il-Gyu Ko,&nbsp;Soo-Young Park,&nbsp;Min-Hee Seo,&nbsp;Seung-Soon Im","doi":"10.1016/j.jgr.2026.101054","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgr.2026.101054","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Osteoblasts are bone-building cells that drive osteogenesis by producing osteoid and promoting its mineralization during development and remodeling. Although ginsenosides from <em>Panax</em> species can enhance bone formation and inhibit resorption, the role of ginsenoside F1 in osteoblast differentiation and bone metabolism has not been defined.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanism by which ginsenoside F1 promotes osteoblast differentiation and evaluate its therapeutic potential in an ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis model.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and primary osteoblasts were treated with ginsenoside F1. Osteogenic differentiation was analyzed through gene and protein expression of key markers, including <em>Runx2, Sp7</em> and <em>Alpl</em>. RNA-sequencing, molecular docking, and siRNA-mediated gene silencing were performed to identify and validate F1's target signaling pathway. The <em>in vivo</em> efficacy of F1 was assessed in ovariectomized mice using micro-computed tomography, histological staining, and biochemical assays.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Gene and protein expression analyses showed higher levels of osteogenic transcription factors in F1-induced osteoblasts than in untreated cells. RNA-sequencing analysis and molecular docking studies revealed an association between bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 1b (BMPR1b) and SMAD proteins important for mediating osteoblast differentiation following F1 induction. Furthermore, <em>BMPR1B</em> knockdown attenuated the inhibition of downstream SMAD1/5/9 signaling, indicating that BMP-activated SMAD signaling was required for the pre-osteogenic action of F1. In addition, F1 treatment increased bone mass in ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Collectively, these findings suggest that ginsenoside F1 enhances osteoblast differentiation and promotes bone formation under osteoporotic conditions, highlighting its therapeutic potential for bone metabolism disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ginseng Research","volume":"50 4","pages":"Article 101054"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148502984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contemporary utilization of ginseng among individuals with health needs: A nationwide questionnaire survey","authors":"Keyi Shi,&nbsp;Yinger Gu,&nbsp;Lei Huang,&nbsp;Zheng Yao,&nbsp;Pingchun Yang,&nbsp;Qiaoping Zhao,&nbsp;Ting Lu,&nbsp;Yaping Meng,&nbsp;Ji Jin,&nbsp;Xiaoteng Chen,&nbsp;Nv Xia,&nbsp;Yingchun Zhang,&nbsp;Lijuan Ma,&nbsp;Yangqing Zheng,&nbsp;Haifeng Huang,&nbsp;Cheng Wang,&nbsp;Lingling Lou,&nbsp;Longlong Fan,&nbsp;Fangfang Wang,&nbsp;Fan Qu","doi":"10.1016/j.jgr.2026.101052","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgr.2026.101052","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Despite the increasing use of ginseng in healthcare contexts, its usage patterns and influencing factors among individuals with health needs are not well understood. This study investigated current ginseng usage through a nationwide survey in China.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A multicenter, cross-sectional survey was conducted from September 26 to October 10, 2025, across 15 Chinese medical institutions, involving 5,041 respondents.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study found a 72.78% overall ginseng usage rate. Higher usage willingness was seen among males, middle-aged and older adults, those with higher education, and those with stable middle incomes (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Usage varied by health status. Nonchronic disease patients primarily used ginseng for immune enhancement (78.96%), preferring American ginseng (68.57%) and raw material (71.53%), with short-term (52.93%) and irregular use (52.33%). Chronic disease patients used ginseng more for managing their conditions (44.09%), favoring wild ginseng (43.67%) and soup/stew preparation (56.70%), with more regular and longer-term use, as only 25.56% used it for &lt;1 month. Overall satisfaction was 68.14%; however, adverse reactions were reported by 52.30%. Satisfaction was lower among chronic disease patients at 41.39%. Among potential ginseng consumers, 51.83% of those with high future usage intent mentioned price constraints, while 57.81% of those with low intent cited safety concerns.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Ginseng consumption was widespread but highly segmented, characterized by distinct consumption patterns driven by health status. Key barriers to the use of ginseng included perceived safety concerns and cost.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ginseng Research","volume":"50 4","pages":"Article 101052"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13324051/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148375932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Red ginseng-mediated modulation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome in neuroinflammatory-related cognitive impairments","authors":"Min Yeong Lee,&nbsp;Se Jin Jeon,&nbsp;Hee Jin Kim,&nbsp;Mikyung Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.jgr.2026.101022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgr.2026.101022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The NLRP3 inflammasome is a key immune regulator involved in the pathophysiology of neuroinflammation and various neurodegenerative diseases. Recent studies have shown that both activation and inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome can influence disease progression and symptoms in models of cognitive impairment, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Red ginseng (RG), a traditional medicinal plant, possesses anti-inflammatory properties and shows potential for modulating the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. This review highlights the effects of RG on the NLRP3 inflammasome, with a particular focus on its therapeutic potential in AD and related cognitive impairments. The structure and activation mechanism of the NLRP3 inflammasome are first described, followed by a discussion of its role in neurodegenerative diseases and neuroinflammation. We then explore how RG and its major components regulate the priming and activation phase of the NLRP3 inflammasome, and discuss their therapeutic potential based on findings from the neuroinflammatory-related cognitive impairment model. Furthermore, we identify supporting evidence for the application of the RG-NLRP3 mechanism in other central nervous system disorders (CNS) disorders, such as cerebral ischemia and vascular dementia. Overall, RG emerges as a promising therapeutic candidate for mitigating neuroinflammation and enhancing cognitive function in neuroinflammatory-related cognitive disorders through NLRP3 inflammasome regulation. Future studies using various neurodegenerative disease (NDD) models and clinical trials are necessary to further validate the therapeutic potential of the RG-NLRP3 pathway.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ginseng Research","volume":"50 4","pages":"Article 101022"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13323881/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148375952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of pharmacological properties and pharmacokinetic of 20(S)-protopanaxadiol","authors":"Ziliang He,&nbsp;Yeye Hu,&nbsp;Yuhao Wang,&nbsp;Canglang Mou,&nbsp;Jae Youl Cho,&nbsp;Long You","doi":"10.1016/j.jgr.2026.101066","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgr.2026.101066","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>20(S)-protopanaxadiol (PPD), a dammarane-type aglycone generated from the intestinal metabolism of <em>Panax ginseng</em> saponins, has attracted increasing attention as a pharmacologically active natural compound. Over the past decade, accumulating evidence has revealed various pharmacological activities of PPD including anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and anti-fibrotic effects. Mechanistically, these pharmacological activities are mediated through multiple molecular mechanisms, including the regulation of oxidative stress, control of apoptosis and autophagy, and modulation of immune. And the related signaling pathways include AMPK/mTOR, NF-κB, and TGF-β/Smad, among others. This review summarizes the current advances in the pharmacological activities and molecular mechanisms of PPD. In addition, the pharmacokinetic characteristics of PPD are discussed, including its intestinal metabolism, moderate oral bioavailability, hepatic biotransformation and species-specific differences. Besides, recent advances in drug delivery strategies are also discussed for their potential to improve the solubility and absorption of PPD. Collectively, by combining pharmacological and pharmacokinetic characteristics, this review provides comprehensive and updated medicinal property of PPD and offers a valuable scientific basis for the further development and clinical translation of PPD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ginseng Research","volume":"50 4","pages":"Article 101066"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13323906/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148375898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"20(S)-protopanaxatriol alleviates gastritis by attenuating oxidative stress and inflammatory responses via inhibition of PI3K/AKT and JAK/STAT3 pathways","authors":"Yuhao Wang,&nbsp;Jae Youl Cho,&nbsp;Daewon Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.jgr.2026.101062","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgr.2026.101062","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Inflammation is a fundamental protective response of the body; however, chronic or excessive inflammation can perturb immune homeostasis and elevate the risk of cardiovascular, metabolic, and oncological diseases. Protopanaxatriol (PPT), a principal bioactive metabolite of <em>Panax ginseng</em> ginsenosides, has demonstrated diverse pharmacological activities, including protective effects in colon cancer, dermatological disorders, and hepatic injury. Despite these observations, the molecular mechanisms underlying PPT's modulation of inflammatory processes remain insufficiently characterized.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This study aims to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of PPT and elucidate mechanistic pathways.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Potential targets and signaling pathways were predicted using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment. The anti-inflammatory activity of PPT was assessed <em>in vitro</em> through nitric oxide (NO) assays, MTT assay, Neutral Red staining, luciferase reporter assays, ROS quantification, RT-PCR, Real-time PCR and Western blotting. <em>In vivo</em> efficacy was examined in an HCl/EtOH-induced gastritis model, with histopathological changes analyzed via hematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E) staining.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>PPT markedly attenuated LPS-induced inflammatory responses at non-cytotoxic concentrations, suppressing NO production and reducing expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). <em>In vivo</em>, PPT mitigated gastric mucosal injury in the HCl/EtOH model. Mechanistic investigations revealed that PPT selectively inhibited NF-κB (p65/p50) and AP-1 (c-Jun/c-Fos) activation, downregulation of the JAK-STAT3 pathway, and reduction of ROS accumulation and oxidative stress, collectively mediating its anti-inflammatory effects.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>PPT exerts potent anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting PI3K/AKT and JAK-STAT3 signaling and alleviating oxidative stress. These findings support PPT as a promising candidate for the development of novel anti-inflammatory therapeutics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ginseng Research","volume":"50 4","pages":"Article 101062"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13324098/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148375873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ginsenoside Rg1 enhances stem cell abundance in aging human skeletal muscle after resistance exercise","authors":"Andrew Nicholls,&nbsp;Giancarlo Condello,&nbsp;Chih-Yang Huang,&nbsp;Li-Fan Lai,&nbsp;Luthfia Dewi,&nbsp;Yu-Chieh Liao,&nbsp;Li-Ning Peng,&nbsp;Liang-Kung Chen,&nbsp;Tse-Chun Kuo,&nbsp;Hsing-Jien Kung,&nbsp;Wei-Horng Jean,&nbsp;Chia-Hua Kuo","doi":"10.1016/j.jgr.2026.101028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgr.2026.101028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Ginsenoside Rg1 enhances senolytic effect of exercise in human skeletal muscle.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To determine the effects of Rg1 on stem cell enrichment and differentiation in skeletal muscle following resistance exercise in women over 60.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial, 11 women (60-73 years) completed four sets of seated leg press (70% 1RM) 1 h after ingesting Placebo or Rg1 (10 mg). Muscle biopsies were assessed for activated mesenchymal stem cells (Stro-1⁺/Tom20^high), neural progenitors (Nestin⁺), and vascular progenitors (CD34⁺/CD31⁺) at 0 h and 24 h post-exercise.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>While exercise alone did not alter Stro-1⁺ cells and mitochondrial content (TOM20⁺) in muscle tissues, the high mitochondrial Stro-1⁺ cells was decreased by 45% (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Rg1 supplementation doubled high mitochondrial Stro-1⁺ cells and total mitochondrial content post-exercise (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Concentration gradient between the Stro-1⁺ cells and engaged myofibers is consistent with a potential mitochondrial delivery mechanism from bone marrow stem cells. Exercise reduced CD34⁺ cells (−68%, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) and Nestin⁺ neural progenitors (−50%, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05), whereas Rg1 attenuated CD34⁺ cell depletion and increased Nestin⁺ neural progenitors by twofold (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Vascular endothelial progenitors (CD34⁺/CD31⁺) remained unchanged after exercise. Exercise decreased serum estradiol levels (−43%, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05), whereas Rg1 supplementation restored estradiol to pre-exercise levels and doubled progesterone concentrations.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Rg1 supplementation prevents exercise-induced sex steroid depletion and markedly enhances stem cell abundance in skeletal muscle, which contributes to mitochondrial gains following resistance exercise in women over 60.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ginseng Research","volume":"50 4","pages":"Article 101028"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13323887/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148375974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of diabetes on the efficacy and safety of Panax notoginseng saponins in ischemic stroke: a prespecified analysis of the PANDA trial","authors":"Xinya Li,&nbsp;Yuan Shen,&nbsp;Xiaoli Zhang,&nbsp;Xunming Ji,&nbsp;Haiqing Song,&nbsp;Ying Gao,&nbsp;Anxin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jgr.2026.100985","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgr.2026.100985","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Diabetes is a risk factor of poor stroke outcomes. A randomized clinical trial has demonstrated that <em>Panax notoginseng</em> saponins (Xuesaitong soft capsules) can improve the functional outcome in ischemic stroke patients. However, it remains uncertain whether comorbid diabetes exerts an influence on the therapeutic outcomes of Xuesaitong.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The PANDA (efficacy and safety of <em>Panax notoginseng</em> saponins in the treatment of adults with ischemic stroke in China) trial was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial comprising 3542 patients. The present prespecified analyses investigated the effect of concomitant use of antidiabetic drugs, a history of diabetes, and baseline fasting blood glucose levels on outcomes in participants randomized to receive Xuesaitong soft capsules versus placebo. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients achieving functional independence.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In the modified intention-to-treat dataset, there were 722 patients with diabetes or treated hyperglycemia during hospitalization (369 in the Xuesaitong group and 353 in the placebo group) and 2244 patients without (1118 in the Xuesaitong group and 1126 in the placebo group). Among patients with diabetes or treated hyperglycemia during hospitalization, the proportion of patients with functional independence at 3 months was 83.20 % (n = 307) in the Xuesaitong group and 79.60 % (n = 281) in the placebo group (odds ratio, 1.27; 95 % confidence intervals [CI], 0.87–1.85; P = 0.215). Regarding patients without diabetes or treated hyperglycemia during hospitalization, the proportion was 91.32 % (n = 1021) in the Xuesaitong group and 83.21 % (n = 937) in the control group (OR, 2.12; 95 % CI, 1.64–2.76; P &lt; 0.001; P for interaction = 0.027). The sensitivity analyses indicated similar significant results.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In the PANDA trial, patients without, rather than with, diabetes or treated hyperglycemia during hospitalization received greater benefit from Xuesaitong soft capsules regarding functional independence at 3 months.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ginseng Research","volume":"50 4","pages":"Article 100985"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13323925/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148375882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}