Journal of Ginseng Research最新文献

{"title":"Complex transcriptome network regulates the anthocyanin accumulation of four Panax ginseng cultivars in fruit","authors":"Jaewook Kim ,&nbsp;Bae Young Choi ,&nbsp;Donghwan Shim ,&nbsp;Ick-Hyun Jo","doi":"10.1016/j.jgr.2024.12.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgr.2024.12.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div><em>Panax ginseng</em> fruit tissue is one of the richest sources of valuable constituents such as ginsenosides and anthocyanins. Although anthocyanins extracted from the fruit tissue of <em>P. ginseng</em> are utilized, it is uncertain how anthocyanin accumulation is regulated and which anthocyanin varieties are synthesized.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Fruits of four <em>P. ginseng</em> cultivars were collected for total RNA extraction and RNA-Seq analysis using the Illumina HiSeq X platform. Anthocyanins were extracted and analyzed by UPLC-DAD-QToF/MS to identify and quantify individual derivatives. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, followed by functional annotation and network analysis to evaluate gene expression patterns.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Comparative transcriptome analysis of four differently colored <em>P. ginseng</em> cultivars revealed that flavonoid biosynthetic genes associated with the karrikin response and jasmonate-responsive genes were upregulated in anthocyanin-rich fruits. Network analysis further revealed a putative regulatory complex consists of karrikin- and jasmonate-responsive genes along with flavonoid biosynthetic genes. Analyzing the UPLC-DAD extracts of the fruit of cv. Chunpoong found that the fruit tissue of <em>P. ginseng</em> is rich in pelargonidin.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our research provides how anthocyanin is accumulated and which type is accumulated in fruit tissue of <em>P. ginseng,</em> including the original compound, pelargonidin 3-O-(2″-O-glucosyl)galactoside. We expect that our research will lead to improved breeding efficiency for the development of cultivars containing more flavonoid species that are beneficial to humans.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ginseng Research","volume":"49 3","pages":"Pages 315-325"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143870382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancement of skin regeneration through activation of TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathway by Panax ginseng meyer non-edible callus-derived extracellular vesicles","authors":"Ha Young Park ,&nbsp;Min Ho Kang ,&nbsp;Guewha Lee ,&nbsp;Jin Woo Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.jgr.2024.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgr.2024.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>This study aimed to investigate the effects of ginseng non-edible callus-derived extracellular vesicle (GNEV) on skin regeneration, particularly focusing on its impact on proliferation and migration in human dermal fibroblast (HDF).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>GNEV was isolated from ginseng non-edible callus using sequential filtration and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). The extracellular vesicle was characterized using nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). HDF was treated with various concentrations of GNEV, and cell viability, proliferation, and migration were assessed using MTT and scratch wound healing assays. Gene expression related to collagen synthesis (<em>TGF-β, SMAD-2, SMAD-3, COL1A1</em>) was measured using RT-PCR.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Treatment of HDF with GNEV resulted in a significant 2.5-fold increase in cell migration compared to the non-treated group. Furthermore, GNEV demonstrated the upregulation of collagen synthesis genes, specifically <em>TGF-β, SMAD-2, SMAD-3</em>, and <em>COL1A1</em>, by 41.7 %, 59.4 %, 60.2 %, and 21.8 %, respectively. These findings indicated that GNEV activates the <em>TGF-β/SMAD</em> signaling pathway, showcasing its potential to induce skin regeneration.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In conclusion, GNEV exhibits a notable ability to enhance skin regeneration through its stimulatory effects on cell migration and the upregulation of key collagen synthesis genes. The activation of the <em>TGF-β/SMAD</em> signaling pathway further suggests the potential of GNEV as a promising candidate for drug delivery systems in the fields of cosmetics and pharmaceuticals, opening avenues for further research and application in skincare and dermatology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ginseng Research","volume":"49 1","pages":"Pages 34-41"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142223571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting the DNA damage response (DDR) of cancer cells with natural compounds derived from Panax ginseng and other plants","authors":"SeokGyeong Choi ,&nbsp;Minwook Shin ,&nbsp;Woo-Young Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.jgr.2024.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgr.2024.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>DNA damage is a driver of cancer formation, leading to the impairment of repair mechanisms in cancer cells and rendering them susceptible to DNA-damaging therapeutic approaches. The concept of “synthetic lethality” in cancer clinics has emerged, particularly with the use of PARP inhibitors and the identification of DNA damage response (DDR) mutation biomarkers, emphasizing the significance of targeting DDR in cancer therapy. Novel approaches aimed at genome maintenance machinery are under development to further enhance the efficacy of cancer treatments. Natural compounds from traditional medicine, renowned for their anti-aging and anticarcinogenic properties, have garnered attention. Ginseng-derived compounds, in particular, exhibit anti-carcinogenic effects by suppressing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and protecting cells from DNA damage-induced carcinogenesis. However, the anticancer therapeutic effect of ginseng compounds has also been demonstrated by inducing DNA damage and blocking DDR. This review concentrates on the biphasic effects of ginseng compounds on DNA mutations—both inhibiting mutation accumulation and impairing DNA repair. Additionally, it explores other natural compounds targeting DDR directly, providing potential insights into enhancing cancer therapy efficacy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ginseng Research","volume":"49 1","pages":"Pages 1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140625759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compositional changes and physiological activities of fresh ginseng extracts prepared at various temperatures in subcritical water","authors":"Jong Won Lee ,&nbsp;Mi-Yeon Lee ,&nbsp;SangYoon Lee ,&nbsp;Geun-Pyo Hong","doi":"10.1016/j.jgr.2024.09.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgr.2024.09.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Subcritical water (SW) is regarded as an effective conversion technology for lignocellulosic biomass. The effect of SW on ginseng are limited to evaluate the ginsenoside composition of red ginseng, and there is little information on the effects of SW on fresh ginseng.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The general characteristics of ginseng extracts (GE) prepared with SW were evaluated in terms of brix, reducing sugar and residual solid content, and compositions of GE was estimated using chromatography. For utilization of GE as a bioactive food, the ginsenoside composition, antioxidative activity, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity, prebiotic potential and taste attributes were measured.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Increasing SW temperature decreased residual solid content of ginseng and the soluble compounds of GE were yielded by SW at 250 °C. Despite that ginsenoside content decreased with SW temperature, a steep increase in Rg5 was observed at 200 °C. The SW at 200–250 °C manifested the highest antioxidant activities and ACE inhibitory activity of GE. However, the GE prepared at greater than 250 °C completely lost prebiotic potentials. Based on electronic-tongue, umami taste was enhanced by SW at 200 °C, but sweetness and bitterness were dominated at 250–300 °C.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The results demonstrated that SW has a potential application to convert lignocellulosic wastes generated from ginseng roots into bioactive food resource, and SW at ∼200 °C can be potentially used to enhance the physiological activities of GE.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ginseng Research","volume":"49 1","pages":"Pages 64-70"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11770229/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143052881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Korean red ginseng on auditory, cognitive, and liver functions in a naturally aged mouse model","authors":"Sung Woo Shin ,&nbsp;Ji Heon Shim ,&nbsp;Youn Hee Nam ,&nbsp;Na Woo Kim ,&nbsp;Gyeong Jin Seo ,&nbsp;Murughanantham Nevedita ,&nbsp;Pandian Subha ,&nbsp;Quy-Hoai Nguyen ,&nbsp;Yong Su Jeong ,&nbsp;Bin Na Hong ,&nbsp;Tong Ho Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.jgr.2024.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgr.2024.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Korean Red Ginseng and ginsenosides have been studied for their efficacy against various diseases, including those related to aging. However, most aging studies use D-galactose to induce aging, which often does not accurately represent natural aging. This study aimed to verify improvements in auditory, cognitive, and liver function through administering red ginseng to an 18-month-old naturally aging mouse model.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Auditory function was assessed using Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) and Auditory Middle Latency Response (AMLR). Cognitive function was evaluated electrophysiologically with P300 and mismatch negativity (MMN), and behaviorally using the Y-maze. Additionally, biochemical tests and histological analysis were conducted to assess liver function. The effects of red ginseng on gene expression regulation were also examined in the cochlea, auditory cortex, and liver, focusing on age-related disease processes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Red ginseng significantly decreased hearing thresholds and improved central auditory function. It also enhanced cognitive behavior and function in response to external stimulation. Furthermore, red ginseng regulated alkaline phosphatase (ALP), albumin (Alb), and total protein (TP) levels, notably decreasing aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E) staining of liver tissue showed significant improvement in fat droplets. These effects appear to be mediated by the regulation of aging-related genes <em>Dec</em>, <em>c-Jun</em>, <em>Stat5b</em>, and <em>Lims2</em>.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These results suggest that red ginseng improves auditory, cognitive, and liver functions in a naturally aged mouse model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ginseng Research","volume":"49 1","pages":"Pages 71-79"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11764134/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143052888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ginsenoside Rc prevents dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy and enhances muscle strength and motor function","authors":"Aeyung Kim ,&nbsp;Sang-Min Park ,&nbsp;No Soo Kim ,&nbsp;Musun Park ,&nbsp;Seongwon Cha","doi":"10.1016/j.jgr.2024.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgr.2024.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>A decline in muscle mass and function can impact the health, disease vulnerability, and mortality of older adults. Prolonged use of high doses of glucocorticoids, such as dexamethasone (DEX), can cause muscle wasting and reduced strength. Ginsenoside Rc (gRc) has been shown to protect muscles by activating the PGC-1α pathway and improving mitochondrial function. The effects of gRc on muscle atrophy and function in mice are not fully understood.</div></div><div><h3>Methods and results</h3><div>The study discovered that gRc prevented the DEX-induced decrease in viability of C2C12 myoblasts and myotubes. Furthermore, gRc inhibited myotube degradation and the upregulation of muscle degradation proteins induced by DEX. Transcriptome analysis of myotubes showed that gRc enhances muscle generation processes while suppressing the TGF-β pathway and oxidative stress response. In mice, gRc effectively reversed the reductions in body weight, muscle mass, and muscle fibers caused by DEX. Furthermore, gRc significantly enhanced muscle strength and exercise capacity. Docking and transcriptome analyses indicated that gRc may act as a competitive inhibitor of DEX at the glucocorticoid receptor, potentially preventing muscle loss.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The study suggests that gRc can prevent DEX-induced muscle wasting and weakness. Consequently, it may be a viable treatment option for sarcopenia and muscle-related disorders in various medical conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ginseng Research","volume":"49 1","pages":"Pages 42-52"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142248378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ginsenoside Rg1 improves hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular endothelial dysfunction through TXNIP/NLRP3 pathway-modulated mitophagy","authors":"Ru Zhang,&nbsp;Meili Lu,&nbsp;Chenyang Ran,&nbsp;Linchao Niu,&nbsp;Qi Qi,&nbsp;Hongxin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jgr.2024.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgr.2024.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Vascular endothelial dysfunction (VED) is one of the main pathogenic events in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Previous studies have demonstrated that the ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) can ameliorate PAH, but the mechanism by which Rg1 affects pulmonary VED in hypoxia-induced PAH remains unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Network pharmacology, molecular docking and other experiments were used to explore the mechanisms by which Rg1 affects PAH. A PAH mouse model was established via hypoxia combined with the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFR) inhibitor su5416 (SuHx), and a cell model was established via hypoxia. The functions of Rg1 in VED, oxidative stress, inflammation, mitophagy, and TXNIP and NLRP3 expression were examined.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In hypoxia-induced VED, progressive exacerbation of oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitophagy were observed, and were associated with elevated TXNIP and NLRP3 expression in vivo and in vitro. Rg1 improved hypoxia-induced impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation and increased nitric oxide (NO) and endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) expression. Rg1, SRI37330 (a TXNIP inhibitor), MCC950 (an NLRP3 inhibitor), and Liensinine (a mitophagy inhibitor) attenuated oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitophagy by reducing the expression of TXNIP and NLRP3 in mice and cells. Furthermore, the combination of SB203580 (a mitophagy agonist) with Rg1 disrupted the protective effect of Rg1 on hypoxia-induced pulmonary artery and human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Rg1 improves hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular endothelial dysfunction through TXNIP/NLRP3 pathway-modulated oxidative stress, inflammation and mitophagy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ginseng Research","volume":"49 1","pages":"Pages 80-91"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11764820/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143052892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-saponin from Panax ginseng maintains blood-brain barrier integrity by inhibiting NF-κB and p38 MAP kinase signaling pathways to prevent the progression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","authors":"Jinhee Oh ,&nbsp;Yujeong Ha ,&nbsp;Tae Woo Kwon ,&nbsp;Hyo-Sung Jo ,&nbsp;Sang-Kwan Moon ,&nbsp;Yoonsung Lee ,&nbsp;Seung-Yeol Nah ,&nbsp;Min Soo Kim ,&nbsp;Ik-Hyun Cho","doi":"10.1016/j.jgr.2024.09.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgr.2024.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The non-saponin (NS) fraction is an important active component of <em>Panax ginseng,</em> with multifunctional pharmacological activities including neuroprotective, immune regulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. However, the effects of NSs on multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic and autoimmune demyelinating disorder, have not yet been demonstrated.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>and Methods: The goal of the present study was to demonstrate the pharmacological actions of NSs on movement dysfunctions and the related mechanisms of action using an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model of MS.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>NSs (p.o.) alleviated movement dysfunctions in EAE mice related to reduced demyelination in the lumbar spinal cord (LSC). NSs attenuated the recruitment of microglia (CD11b⁺/CD45^low) and macrophages (CD11b⁺/CD45^high) in LSCs from EAE model mice, consistent with the decreased mRNA expression levels of the main proinflammatory mediators (IL-1β, COX-2, MCP-1, MIP-1α, and RANTES). NSs blocked the migration of Th17 cells (CD4⁺/IL17A⁺) and mRNA expression levels of IL-17A (product of Th17 cells) in LSCs from EAE mice. NSs suppressed alterations in blood-brain barrier (BBB) components, such as astrocytes and cell adhesion molecules, associated with inhibiting NF-κB and p38 MAPK pathways in LSCs of EAE mice and lipopolysaccharide-induced bEND.3 cells.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>NSs could attenuate movement dysfunctions and related pathological/inflammatory changes by reducing BBB permeability through NF-κB and p38 MAPK pathway inhibition in LSCs of EAE model mice. These are the first results suggesting that NSs can be potential therapeutic agents for MS by reducing BBB permeability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ginseng Research","volume":"49 1","pages":"Pages 53-63"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11764484/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143052938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Korean Red Ginseng-induced astrocytic HIF-1α: A key regulator of neuroglobin derived from neural stem cell differentiation in physiologic retina and brain","authors":"Sunhong Moon ,&nbsp;Jinseo Park ,&nbsp;Sueun Kim ,&nbsp;Minsu Kim ,&nbsp;Hui Su Jeon ,&nbsp;Hyungsu Kim ,&nbsp;Young-Myeong Kim ,&nbsp;Ji-Yoon Kim ,&nbsp;Yoon Kyung Choi","doi":"10.1016/j.jgr.2024.12.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgr.2024.12.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Neuroglobin (Ngb) and growth-associated protein (GAP) 43 in neurons are associated with axonal regeneration. Korean Red Ginseng Extract (KRGE) enhances glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive astrocytes and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) protein activation in normoxic astrocytes. However, crosstalk between neural stem cell (NSC) differentiation and astrocytic HIF-1α in the KRGE-treated normoxic brain and retina remains unclear. We investigated whether KRGE-treated astrocytic HIF-1α can enhance NSC differentiation and increase the mature neurons expressing Ngb and GAP43.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Mature neuronal markers such as neuronal nuclei (NeuN) or microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) were tested with Ngb in the mouse brain or retinal tissues post-KRGE administration. Direct KRGE treatment of NSCs or astrocytes was evaluated for Ngb levels. The KRGE-treated astrocyte conditioned media (ACM) were transferred to NSCs and HIF-1α levels were reduced using small interfering RNA transfection (si-HIF-1α) in astrocytes. si-HIF-1α-ACM with KRGE was tested for NSC differentiation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>KRGE-administered mice showed significantly enhanced co-expression of Ngb with NeuN in the brain and MAP2 in the retina, along with the NSC marker Nestin, than water-administered mice. The KRGE treatment did not increase Ngb levels in NSCs, but stimulated astrocytes to secrete factors affecting NSCs’ differentiate into mature neurons and astrocytes. The KRGE-treated mouse retinas showed GFAP- and HIF-1α double-positive cells. Co-treatment with si-HIF-1α-transfected KRGE–ACM blocked KRGE–ACM-induced NSC differentiation into astrocytes or Ngb-expressing neurons.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>KRGE stimulates astrocytic HIF-1α, which regulates NSC differentiation into mature neurons expressing Ngb, thereby promoting regeneration by enhancing NSC–astrocyte crosstalk in the physiological retina and brain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ginseng Research","volume":"49 2","pages":"Pages 189-196"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143445814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to ‘Reciprocal regulation of SIRT1 and AMPK by Ginsenoside compound K impedes the conversion from plasma cells to mitigate for podocyte injury in MRL/lpr mice in a B cell-specific manner’ [J Ginseng Res Volume 48 (2024) 190–201/JGR-D-23-00097]","authors":"Ziyu Song ,&nbsp;Meng Jin ,&nbsp;Shenglong Wang ,&nbsp;Yanzuo Wu ,&nbsp;Qi Huang ,&nbsp;Wangda Xu ,&nbsp;Yongsheng Fan ,&nbsp;Fengyuan Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.jgr.2024.12.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgr.2024.12.006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ginseng Research","volume":"49 2","pages":"Page 223"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143445792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}