Journal of Ginseng Research最新文献

{"title":"Effects of red ginseng extract and red ginseng dietary fiber on the maintenance of intestinal immune and functional homeostasis in diet-induced obese mice","authors":"Seung-Hwan Seo ,&nbsp;Do-Won Ham ,&nbsp;Ji-Eun Lee ,&nbsp;Seung-Min Jong ,&nbsp;Sang-Kyu Kim ,&nbsp;Seung-Ho Lee ,&nbsp;Hye-Young Yu ,&nbsp;Eun-Hee Shin","doi":"10.1016/j.jgr.2025.01.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgr.2025.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Obesity is an important risk factor of intestinal inflammatory disease. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Red ginseng extract powder (RGEP) and Red ginseng dietary fiber (RGDF) on the maintenance of immune and functional homeostasis in recovering obesity-induced impairment of intestinal immunity.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Diet-induced obesity in C57BL/6 male mice was achieved by feeding them a 60 % high-fat diet for six weeks. The diet-induced obese (DIO) mice were administered RGEP (205, 410, or 820 mg/kg), fructooligosaccharide (FOS, 820 mg/kg), or RGDF (410, 820, or 1640 mg/kg) once daily for 4–8 weeks. The effects of RGEP or RGDF administration were evaluated via stool trait and gastrointestinal (GI) motility, inflammatory biomarkers and cytokines in mesenteric lymph nodes and intestine, mucosal protective genes, bacterial toxicity, and histopathological features of the intestines.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>RGEP or RGDF administration to the DIO mice reduced mucosal barrier damaging factor (α1-antitrypsin), inflammatory cytokine levels, factors related to inflammatory responses (C-reactive protein (CRP), iNOS, NF-κB, MPO, and Calprotectin), and levels of urinary indican and intestinal β-glucuronidase. Conversely, RGEP or RGDF administration increased intestinal motility, levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and β-defensin-2, and mucus barrier functional factor (MUC2) expression. Histopathological features of the small intestine recovered to normal levels after RGEP or RGDF administration.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our results demonstrated that RGEP and RGDF were effective for maintaining intestinal immune and functional homeostasis by recovering impaired immune and barrier function in DIO mice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ginseng Research","volume":"49 3","pages":"Pages 271-281"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143870182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ginsenoside Rg5 alleviates radiation-induced acute lung vascular endothelium injury by reducing mitochondrial apoptosis via Sirt1","authors":"Churong Li ,&nbsp;Biao Zhao ,&nbsp;Jing Xiong ,&nbsp;Linjie Li ,&nbsp;Dalong Pang ,&nbsp;Keith Unger ,&nbsp;Mira Jung ,&nbsp;Jiahua Lyu ,&nbsp;Hao Kuang ,&nbsp;Long Liang ,&nbsp;Tao Li ,&nbsp;Long Chen ,&nbsp;Hansong Bai","doi":"10.1016/j.jgr.2025.01.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgr.2025.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Ginsenoside Rg5 possesses potent anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective properties. This study explored the protective effects of ginsenoside Rg5 on radiation-induced pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMECs) injury and the associated molecular mechanisms.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>C57BL/6 mice were used for <em>in vivo</em> studies and primary human PMECs (PPMECs) were utilized as <em>in vitro</em> models. Mice with or without ginsenoside Rg5 pretreatment were irradiated by varying doses. Lung tissues were analyzed for histopathological changes and the expression of endothelial markers. <em>In vitro</em>, PPMECs were irradiated with or without ginsenoside Rg5 pretreatment and analyzed for apoptosis, oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, and endothelial barrier integrity.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Ginsenoside Rg5 pretreatment attenuated radiation-induced acute lung damage, preserved endothelial cell junction integrity, and maintained endothelial barrier function <em>in vivo</em>. <em>In vitro</em>, ginsenoside Rg5 significantly reduced IR-induced oxidative stress, apoptosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction in PPMECs. Ginsenoside Rg5 suppressed radiation-induced Mfn2 acetylation and proteasomal degradation via Sirt1-mediated deacetylation, thereby preserving mitochondrial dynamics and integrity. The protective effects of ginsenoside Rg5 on the integrity of mitochondrial and endothelial tight junction proteins and barrier function were also Sirt1-dependent.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Ginsenoside Rg5 exerts a protective effect against radiation-induced endothelial injury by modulating mitochondrial dynamics and function, as well as maintaining endothelial barrier integrity, in a Sirt1-dependent manner.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ginseng Research","volume":"49 3","pages":"Pages 260-270"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143870508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Ginsenoside-Re-rich ethanol extract of Panax ginseng berry enhances healthspan extension via mitostasis and NAD metabolism” [J Ginseng Res Volume 49, Issue 1, January 2025, Pages 92–102]","authors":"Minjeong Kim ,&nbsp;Su Hwan Kim ,&nbsp;Juewon Kim ,&nbsp;Eun-Ju Jin ,&nbsp;Shibo Wei ,&nbsp;Yunju Jo ,&nbsp;Chang-Myung Oh ,&nbsp;Ki-Tae Ha ,&nbsp;Jong-Hwa Roh ,&nbsp;Wan-Gi Kim ,&nbsp;Donghyun Cho ,&nbsp;Young Jin Choi ,&nbsp;Su Myung Jung ,&nbsp;Dongryeol Ryu","doi":"10.1016/j.jgr.2025.01.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgr.2025.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ginseng Research","volume":"49 2","pages":"Page 224"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143445793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gintonin enhances epithelial barrier function by activating NRF2 pathway in radiation-induced intestinal injury","authors":"Hyosun Jang ,&nbsp;Hyewon Kim ,&nbsp;Su-Hyun Oh ,&nbsp;Yeonghoon Son ,&nbsp;Rami Lee ,&nbsp;Seung-Yeol Nah ,&nbsp;Hae-June Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.jgr.2025.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgr.2025.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Because the intestine is a radio-sensitive organ in the body, and radiation-induced intestinal injury is a major clinical problem associated with radiotherapy or radiological accidents. Dysfunction of the epithelial barrier leads to bacterial translocation to other organs, resulting in severe inflammation. Recent findings suggest that gintonin (GT) suppresses oxidative stress and inflammation in neuroinflammatory diseases.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This study objected to elucidate the mitigating effects of GT on radiation-induced intestinal injury.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The therapeutic effects of GT were assessed in a mouse model of radiation-induced intestinal injury using histological, immunohistochemical, and real-time PCR. Additionally, the direct effects of GT and NF-E2-related factor 2 (NRF2) activators on radiation-induced epithelial damage were assessed using Caco-2 cell monolayers.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>GT treatment reversed radiation-induced body weight loss, attenuated intestinal damage, and inhibited inflammatory response by reducing inflammatory cell infiltration and cytokine expression in the intestines of mice. Additionally, GT treatment activated NRF2 and ameliorated intestinal barrier damage. In vitro experiments showed that GT treatment affected epithelial permeability and intercellular junction expression in Caco-2 cell monolayers under irradiated conditions. Moreover, treatment with NRF2 activator improved epithelial permeability, improved the expression of intercellular junctions in irradiated epithelial cells, and attenuated radiation-induced intestinal injury in a mouse model.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>GT maintains epithelial integrity by activating NRF2-mediated antioxidant activity in radiation-induced intestinal epithelial damage of mice. Overall, these results suggest that GT could be a novel therapeutic agent for radiation-induced intestinal damage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ginseng Research","volume":"49 3","pages":"Pages 248-259"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143870507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The molecular mechanism of ginsenoside Rh2 and its octyl ester derivative on anti-angiogenesis in cancer treatment: The battle between PI3K and ROS","authors":"Qi-Rui Hu ,&nbsp;Xin-Yi Zhong ,&nbsp;Hua Feng ,&nbsp;Xu-Chu Li ,&nbsp;Zhi-Hong Zhang ,&nbsp;Yao Pan ,&nbsp;Ting Luo ,&nbsp;Ze-Yuan Deng ,&nbsp;Fang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jgr.2025.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgr.2025.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The cancer treatments that target tumor associated angiogenesis (TAA) induced by vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) have become valued. Ginsenoside Rh2 has been proved to inhibit TAA through VEGFA. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Moreover, the octyl ester derivative of Rh2 (Rh2-O) exhibited better inhibitory effects than Rh2 on liver cancer in our previous researches, which indicated that Rh2-O might also exert inhibitory effects on TAA.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To explore the inhibitory effects of Rh2 and Rh2-O on TAA and to investigate the underlying mechanisms.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>The inhibitory effects of Rh2 and Rh2-O on TAA were evaluated by conditioned medium, co-culture, and tumor-bearing mice. The network pharmacology was used to explore the possible targets, which were subsequently verified by specific agonists or inhibitors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Rh2 and Rh2-O could efficiently inhibit TAA in a dose-dependent manner (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Moreover, the enhancement on phosphorylation of PI3K and STAT3 could reverse the inhibitory effects of Rh2 and Rh2-O on TAA while N-acetylcysteine could improve the effects (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Rh2 and Rh2-O could inhibit TAA via inhibiting the VEGFA, which was mediated by PI3K/STAT3 and PI3K/HIF-1α pathway. Meanwhile the generation of ROS could be a foe for Rh2 and Rh2-O to inhibit TAA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ginseng Research","volume":"49 2","pages":"Pages 208-222"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143445790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Panax ginseng exerts cardioprotective effect post myocardial infarction by attenuating myocardial fibrosis and inflammation through SIRT1 signaling pathways","authors":"Honglin Xu ,&nbsp;Mingjie Pang ,&nbsp;Changlei Hu ,&nbsp;Tong Xu ,&nbsp;Guanghong Chen ,&nbsp;Guoyong Zhang ,&nbsp;Xin Han ,&nbsp;Yue Hua ,&nbsp;Yuting Wu ,&nbsp;Jiayi Zhang ,&nbsp;Yiming Bi ,&nbsp;Bin Liu ,&nbsp;Yingchun Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.jgr.2025.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgr.2025.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Myocardial fibrosis and inflammation induce adverse cardiac remodeling post-myocardial infarction (MI). <em>Panax ginseng</em> (<em>P. ginseng</em>) is beneficial for diverse cardiovascular diseases. However, the therapeutic effect and molecular mechanism underlying cardiac remodeling are largely unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A MI mouse model was constructed through permanent left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery ligation. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used for stimulating cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) or RAW264.7 macrophages to construct the collagen synthesis and inflammation model <em>in vitro</em>. The cardiac structure and function were detected through hematoxylin-eosin staining, Masson staining, and echocardiography, while myocardial fibrosis and inflammation markers were determined by Western-blot, immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR, and ELISA. Additionally, the Silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) mediated NOD like receptor 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and TGF-β receptor I (TGFBR1) signaling pathways were also evaluated. A SIRT1 selective inhibitor (EX-527) was used for confirming the pharmacological mechanism of <em>P. ginseng</em>.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div><em>In vivo</em>, <em>P. ginseng</em> alleviated ventricular remodeling, enhanced heart function, and ameliorated collagen I, collagen III, IL-1β, and IL-18 levels dose-dependently. Moreover, <em>P. ginseng</em> significantly suppressed NLRP3-caspase1 inflammasome and TGFBR1/Smads signaling in MI mice. <em>In vitro</em>, <em>P. ginseng</em> significantly suppressed collagen and inflammation markers, NLRP3 inflammasome and TGFBR1/Smads signaling in TGF-β1-induced CFs or LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Mechanistically, <em>P. ginseng</em> suppressed NF-κB activity while promoting SIRT1 expression. SIRT1 suppression by EX-527 partially abolished the protective effects of <em>P. ginseng</em> in TGF-β1-induced CFs.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div><em>P. ginseng</em> protects from adverse cardiac remodeling by attenuating myocardial fibrosis and inflammation post-MI through the regulation of SIRT1 and its downstream signaling pathways.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ginseng Research","volume":"49 2","pages":"Pages 197-207"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143445736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ginseng as a therapeutic target to alleviate gut and brain diseases via microbiome regulation","authors":"Hamid Iqbal ,&nbsp;Yihyo Kim ,&nbsp;Mirim Jin ,&nbsp;Dong-kwon Rhee","doi":"10.1016/j.jgr.2024.04.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgr.2024.04.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The human gut, which contains a diverse microbiome, plays an important role in maintaining physiological balance and preserving the immune system. The complex interplay between the central nervous system (CNS) and the gut microbiome has gained significant attention due to its profound implications for overall health, particularly for gut and brain disorders. There is emerging evidence that the gut-brain axis (GBA) represents a bidirectional communication system between the CNS and the gastrointestinal tract and plays a pivotal role in regulating many aspects of human health. Ginseng has shown potential to ameliorate conditions associated with dysbiosis, such as gut and CNS disorders by restoring microbial balance and enhancing gut barrier function. This comprehensive review provides valuable insights into the potential of ginseng as a herbal modulator of GBA as a therapeutic intervention for preventing and treating gut and neurological diseases via microbiota regulation to ultimately enhance overall health. Furthermore, we emphasize the therapeutic benefits of ginseng, its ability to enhance beneficial probiotics, such as Firmicutes, <em>Bacteroides</em>, <em>Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium</em>, and <em>Akkermansia</em> while reducing pathogenic bacteria prevalence, such as <em>Helicobacter, Clostridium</em>, and Proteobacteria. Although the connection between ginseng regulation of microbial communities in response to the gut and neuropsychiatric disorders is lacking, additional investigations are warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms, optimize dosages, and explore the clinical relevance of ginseng in promoting GBA balance and ultimately overall health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ginseng Research","volume":"49 1","pages":"Pages 12-21"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140838453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Panax notoginseng saponins promotes angiogenesis after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury”[J Ginseng Res 48(6), November 2024, 592–602]","authors":"Haiyan Xiao ,&nbsp;Shusen Liu ,&nbsp;Binyu Fang ,&nbsp;Wenchao Zhang ,&nbsp;Min Wang ,&nbsp;Jingxue Ye ,&nbsp;Tianxiao Huang ,&nbsp;Li Cao ,&nbsp;Xiaojun Zhang ,&nbsp;Guibo Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.jgr.2024.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgr.2024.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ginseng Research","volume":"49 1","pages":"Pages 103-104"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11764608/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143052884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ginsenoside-Re-rich ethanol extract of Panax ginseng berry enhances healthspan extension via mitostasis and NAD metabolism","authors":"Minjeong Kim ,&nbsp;Su Hwan Kim ,&nbsp;Juewon Kim ,&nbsp;Eun-Ju Jin ,&nbsp;Shibo Wei ,&nbsp;Yunju Jo ,&nbsp;Chang-Myung Oh ,&nbsp;Ki-Tae Ha ,&nbsp;Jong-Hwa Roh ,&nbsp;Wan-Gi Kim ,&nbsp;Donghyun Cho ,&nbsp;Young Jin Choi ,&nbsp;Su Myung Jung ,&nbsp;Dongryeol Ryu","doi":"10.1016/j.jgr.2024.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgr.2024.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Ginseng Berry Concentrate (GBC) enhances exercise capacity in mice, but the effects of its key component, ginsenoside Re (G-Re), on aging and mitochondrial function are not well understood. This study investigates the impact of G-Re on mitophagy and its potential to promote healthy aging.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Experiments in C2C12 myocytes and HeLa-mitoKeima-PARKIN cells assessed GBC and G-Re's effects on mitophagy, supported by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. G-Re was identified as the primary component of GBC via high-performance liquid chromatography. The influence of G-Re on lifespan and healthspan was examined in <em>Caenorhabditis elegans</em>, with a focus on mitophagy pathways.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>GBC and G-Re significantly induced mitophagy and enhanced mitochondrial gene expression, improving mitochondrial function. G-Re extended lifespan and healthspan in <em>C. elegans</em>, effects absent in mitophagy-impaired mutants.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>G-Re enhances mitochondrial function and promotes healthy aging through mitophagy, suggesting its potential for mitigating age-related functional declines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ginseng Research","volume":"49 1","pages":"Pages 92-102"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11764779/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143052937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethanol extract of lymphanax with gypenoside 17 and ginsenoside Re exerts anti-inflammatory properties by targeting the AKT/NF-κB pathway","authors":"Wooram Choi ,&nbsp;Hyun Soo Kim ,&nbsp;Donghyun Kim ,&nbsp;Yong Deog Hong ,&nbsp;Hyoung-June Kim ,&nbsp;Ji Hye Kim ,&nbsp;Jong-Hoon Kim ,&nbsp;Jae Youl Cho","doi":"10.1016/j.jgr.2024.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgr.2024.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Ginseng is processed into several types such as white ginseng, red ginseng, and black ginseng, according to the processing methods such as drying, steaming, and heating. These processing conditions can change the portion of the useful ingredients. Recently, new processing method was established to develop ‘lymphanax’, an aged fresh white ginseng prepared under anaerobic condition. This aging process was revealed to increase the content of gypenoside 17 (Gyp17) as well as ginsenoside Re, known to have anti-inflammatory effects. As the next step, therefore, we aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of lymphanax using its ethanol extract of lymphanax (Lymphanax-EE).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>LC-MS/MS identified the ginsenoside content of lymphanax-EE. A nitric oxide (NO) assay revealed the anti-inflammatory activity of lymphanax-EE. Pro-inflammatory gene expression was analyzed by quantitative PCR. Finally, we identified the underlying mechanism for the anti-inflammatory activity of lymphanax-EE through luciferase analysis, Western blotting, and CETSA.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The LC-MS/MS analysis revealed lymphanax-EE to contain more protopanaxatriol-type ginsenosides, and Gyp17 than fresh ginseng. Lymphanax-EE (0–200 μg/ml) suppressed NO release and mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as iNOS and COX-2 in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, lymphanax-EE (200 μg/ml) reduced the activity of NF-κB and phosphorylation of NF-κB signal proteins such as p65, p50, IκBα, and IKKα/β. Finally, lymphanax-EE (200 μg/ml) decreased the phosphorylation of IKKα/β induced by AKT overexpression. Among the components of lymphanax-EE, ginsenoside Re and Gyp17 were found to suppress AKT1 activity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Lymphanax-EE-containing ginsenosides and Gyp17 with anti-inflammatory properties suppressed LPS-induced inflammation by reducing the NF-κB signal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ginseng Research","volume":"49 1","pages":"Pages 22-33"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142178139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}