Journal of Ginseng Research最新文献

{"title":"The synergistic effects of Korean Red Ginseng and Cervi Parvum Cornu ameliorating FeCl3-induced arterial thrombosis by downregulating ICAM-1 and VCAM-1","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jgr.2024.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgr.2024.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, we compared antithrombotic activities of Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) and <em>Cervi Parvum Cornu</em> (CPC) on rats with induced thrombosis. Results indicate that KRG and CPC suppressed the arterial occlusion and the combination of KRG and CPC (KRG + CPC) treatment exhibited a synergistic effect with maximum reduction in thrombosis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ginseng Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1226845324001040/pdfft?md5=d18523c7cc4d488ee501bc67b94d794d&pid=1-s2.0-S1226845324001040-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141390311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The beneficial potential of ginseng for menopause","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jgr.2024.05.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgr.2024.05.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) has long been used not only as a food supplement but also as a treatment for various diseases. Ginseng originated in South Korea, which later spread to China and Japan, has a wide range of pharmacological activities including immune, endocrine, cardiovascular, and central nervous system effects. KRG is produced by repetitions of steaming and drying of ginseng to extend preservation. During this steaming process, the components of ginseng undergo physio-chemical changes forming a variety of potential active constituents including ginsenoside-Rg3, a unique compound in KRG. Pandemic Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has affected both men and women differentially. In particular, women were more vulnerable to COVID-related distress which in turn could aggravate menopause-related disturbances. Complementary and alternative medicinal plants could have aided middle-aged women for several menopause-related symptoms during and post COVID-19 pandemic. This review aimed to explore the beneficial effects of KRG on menopausal symptoms and gynecological cancer.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ginseng Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1226845324000927/pdfft?md5=b9e9b373b1d77d22408816c111593463&pid=1-s2.0-S1226845324000927-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141502254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced immunity effect of Korean Red Ginseng capsule: A randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled clinical trial","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jgr.2024.05.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgr.2024.05.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>As a physiological function of body, immunity can maintain health by identifying itself and excluding others. With economic development and increasingly fierce social competition, the number of sub-healthy population is gradually increasing, and the most basic problem exposed is human hypoimmunity. Hypoimmunity can be manifested as often feeling tired, catching colds, mental depression, etc. In order to enhance immunity, eating healthy foods with the effect of enhancing immunity may become an effective choice. KRG has pharmacological effects of enhancing immunity. Because the screening and evaluation method of immune population are not unified, there are relatively few KRG immunity tests for sub-health population. It is of great significance to study the effect of KRG on people with hypoimmunity to improve sub-health status.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This was a 180-day, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. According to the trial scheme design, 119 qualified subjects were included and randomly divided into the test group taking KRG and the placebo control group. Subjects need to check safety indicators (blood pressure and heart rate, blood routine, liver and kidney function, urine routine and stool routine) and efficacy indicators (main and secondary) inspection at baseline, efficacy indicators inspection during the mid-term of the test (90th days of administration), safety and efficacy indicators inspection after the test (180th days of administration).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>After the test, the safety indicators of placebo control group and KRG test group were basically within the normal range, and there is no significant difference in fireness score between the two groups. Through follow-up interviews, it was found that the subjects in the test group and the control group had no adverse reactions and allergic reactions such as nausea, flatulence, diarrhea, and abdominal pain during the test period. Self-comparison of the test group, the results of the main efficacy indicators: (1) immune related health scores were significantly improved in the mid-term and after the test (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01), (2) CD3 and CD4/CD8 increased significantly after the test (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), (3) IgG, IgA, IgM and WBC increased significantly in the mid-term and after the test (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01); the results of the secondary efficacy indicators: (1) TNF-α decreased significantly in the mid-term (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), IFN-γ decreased significantly in the mid-term (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01), (2) NK increased significantly in the mid-term and after the test (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), (3) monocyte increased significantly in the mid-term and after the test (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). Inter-group comparison of the test group and the control group, the results of the main efficacy indicators: (1) immune related health scores were higher than that of the control group in the mid-term and after the test (<em>P","PeriodicalId":16035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ginseng Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1226845324000915/pdfft?md5=fd35f8c1f43b0b07559b7615c13fefdf&pid=1-s2.0-S1226845324000915-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141551509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of ginseng and ginsenosides on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jgr.2024.05.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgr.2024.05.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a rapidly increasing neurodevelopmental disorder but currently available treatments are associated with abuse risk, side effects, and incomplete symptom relief. There is growing interest in exploring complementary options, and ginseng has gained attention for its therapeutic potential. This systematic review aimed to assess current evidence on the efficacy of ginseng and its active components, ginsenosides, for ADHD. Eligible studies were identified through searches of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science, up to June 2023. The inclusion criteria included both human and animal studies that investigated the effects of ginseng or ginsenosides on ADHD. The risk of bias was assessed according to study type. Six human studies and three animal studies met the inclusion criteria. The results suggest that ginseng and ginsenosides may have beneficial effects on ADHD symptoms, particularly inattention, through dopaminergic/norepinephrinergicmodulation and BDNF/TrkB signaling. Ginseng and ginsenosides have promising potential for ADHD treatment. Due to limitations in evidence quality, such as the risk of bias and variability in study designs, larger controlled studies are essential. Integrating ginseng into ADHD management may have valuable implications for individuals seeking well-tolerated alternatives or adjunctive therapies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ginseng Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1226845324000903/pdfft?md5=e96bbb8837f2f7d9b70e95de22de7d1e&pid=1-s2.0-S1226845324000903-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141197776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for quantification of majonoside R2 as an authentication marker for Nngoc Linh and Lai Chau ginsengs","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jgr.2024.05.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgr.2024.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Recent years have witnessed increasing interest in the high amount of ocotillol-type saponin in <em>Panax vietnamensis</em>, particularly in relation to majonoside R2 (MR2). This unique 3%–5% MR2 content impart Ngoc Linh and Lai Chau ginsengs with unique pharmacological activities. However, in the commercial domain, unauthentic species have infiltrated and significantly hindered access to the authentic, efficacious variety. Thus, suitable analytical techniques for distinguishing authentic Vietnamese ginseng species from others is becoming increasingly crucial. Therefore, MR2 is attracting considerable attention as a target requiring effective management measures.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed by producing monoclonal antibodies against MR2 (mAb 16E11). The method was thoroughly validated, and the potential of the immunoassay was confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet spectroscopy. Furthermore, ELISA was applied to the assessment of the MR2 concentrations of various <em>Panax</em> spp., including Korean, American, and Japanese ginsengs.</p></div><div><h3>Results and conclusions</h3><p>An icELISA using mAb 16E11 exhibited linearity between 3.91 and 250 ng/mL of MR2, with detection and quantification limits of 1.53 and 2.50 <span><math><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></math></span> 46.6 ng/mL, respectively. Based on this study, the developed icELISA using mAb 16E11 could be a valuable tool for analyzing MR2 level to distinguish authentic Ngoc Linh and Lai Chau ginsengs from unauthentic ones. Furthermore, the analysis of the samples demonstrated that Ngoc Linh and Lai Chau ginsengs exhibit a notably higher MR2 value than all other <em>Panax</em> spp. Thus, MR2 might be their ideal marker compound, and various bioactivities of this species should be explored.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ginseng Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1226845324000885/pdfft?md5=e662a6409165969463849ebf8395fd73&pid=1-s2.0-S1226845324000885-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141135396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Korean red ginseng extract ameliorates melanogenesis in humans and induces anti-photo aging effects in ultraviolet B-irradiated hairless mice” [J Ginseng Res 44 (2020) 496–505]","authors":"Evelyn Saba ,&nbsp;Seung-Hyung Kim ,&nbsp;Yuan Yee Lee ,&nbsp;Chae-Kyu Park ,&nbsp;Jae-Wook Oh ,&nbsp;Tae-Hwan Kim ,&nbsp;Hyun-Kyoung Kim ,&nbsp;Seong-Soo Roh ,&nbsp;Man Hee Rhee","doi":"10.1016/j.jgr.2024.05.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgr.2024.05.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ginseng Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1226845324000897/pdfft?md5=916ed97e94c69b80a63c9522518055d8&pid=1-s2.0-S1226845324000897-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141134666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanism of Panax notoginseng saponins modulation of miR-214-3p/NR1I3 affecting the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of warfarin","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jgr.2024.05.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgr.2024.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>With the prevalence of dietary supplements, the use of combinations of herbs and drugs is gradually increasing, together with the risk of drug interactions. In our clinical work, we unexpectedly found that the combination of Panax notoginseng and warfarin, which are herbs that activate blood circulation and remove blood stasis, showed antagonistic effects instead. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the drug interaction between Panax <em>notoginseng saponins</em> (PNS) and warfarin, the main active ingredient of Panax notoginseng, and to explore the interaction mechanism.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The effects and mechanisms of PNS on the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of warfarin were explored mainly in Sprague–Dawley rats and HepG2 cells. Elisa was used to detect the concentrations of coagulation factors, HPLC-MS to detect the blood concentrations of warfarin in rats, immunoblotting was employed to examine protein levels, qRT-PCR to detect mRNA levels, cellular immunofluorescence to detect the localization of NR1I3, and dual luciferase to verify the binding of miR-214-3p and NR1I3.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>PNS significantly accelerated warfarin metabolism and reduced its efficacy, accompanied by increased expression of NR1I3 and CYP2C9. Interference with NR1I3 rescued the accelerated metabolism of warfarin induce by PNS co-administration. In addition, we demonstrated that PNS significantly reduced miR-214-3p expression, whereas miR-214-3p overexpression reduced NR1I3 and CYP2C9 expression, resulting in a weakened antagonistic effect of PNS on warfarin. Additionally, we found that miR-214-3p bound directly to NR1I3 3′-UTR and significantly downregulated NR1I3 expression.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Our study demonstrated that PNS accelerates warfarin metabolism and reduces its pharmacodynamics by downregulating miR-214-3p, leading to increased expression of its target gene NR1I3, these findings provide new insights for clinical drug applications to avoid adverse effects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ginseng Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1226845324000873/pdfft?md5=b55a2f0f2bb8f6ae96158b20db9020e5&pid=1-s2.0-S1226845324000873-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141143253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The necessity of eliminating the interference of panaxatriol saponins to maximize the preventive effect of panaxadiol saponins against Parkinson's disease in rats","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jgr.2024.05.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgr.2024.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The effects of individual panaxadiol saponin and panaxatriol saponin on rodent models of Parkinson's disease (PD) have been recognized. However, it is not clear whether purified total ginsenosides as an entirety has effect against PD in rat model. This study compared the protective effects of a purified panaxadiol saponin fraction (PDSF), a purified panaxatriol saponin fraction (PTSF), and their mixtures against the rotenone (ROT)-induced PD in rats.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Potential effects of PDSF, PTSF, and their mixtures against motor dysfunction and impairments of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons (DN), blood-brain barrier (BBB), cerebrovascular endothelial cells (CEC), and glial cells were measured in the models of ROT-induced PD rats and cell damage. Pro-inflammatory NF-kB p65 (p65) activation was localized in DN and other cells in the striatum.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>PDSF and PTSF had a dose-dependent effect against motor dysfunction with a larger effective dose range for PDSF. PDSF protected CEC, glial cells, and DN in models of PD rats and cell damage, while PTSF had no such protections. Chronic ROT exposure potently activated p65 in CEC with enhanced pro-inflammatory and decreased anti-inflammatory factors and impaired BBB in the striatum, PDSF almost completely blocked the ROT-induced p65 activation and maintained both anti- and pro-inflammatory factors at normal levels and BBB integrity, but PTSF aggravated the p65 activation with impaired BBB. Furthermore, PTSF nullified all the effects of PDSF when they were co-administrated.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>PDSF had significant protective effect against the ROT-induced PD in rats by protecting CEC, glial cells, and DN, likely through inhibiting NF-κB p65 in CEC from triggering neuroinflammation, and also directly protecting glial cells and neurons against ROT-induced toxicity. PDSF has great potential for preventing and treating PD.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ginseng Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1226845324000861/pdfft?md5=43d1b094254e964059d2a1307722033a&pid=1-s2.0-S1226845324000861-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141048091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural analysis, anti-inflammatory activity of the main water-soluble acidic polysaccharides (AGBP-A3) from Panax quinquefolius L berry","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jgr.2024.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgr.2024.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><em>Panax quinquefolius</em> L, widely recognized for its valuable contributions to medicine, has aroused considerable attention globally. Different from the extensive research has been dedicated to the root of <em>P. quinquefolius</em>, its berry has received relatively scant focus. Given its promising medicinal properties, this study was focused on the structural characterizations and anti-inflammatory potential of acidic polysaccharides from the <em>P. quinquefolius</em> berry.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p><em>P. quinquefolius</em> berry was extracted with hot water, precipitated by alcohol, separated by DEAE-52-cellulose column to give a series of fractions. One of these fractions was further purified via Sephadex G-200 column to give three fractions. Then, the main fraction named as AGBP-A3 was characterized by methylation analysis, NMR spectroscopy, etc. Its anti-inflammatory activity was assessed by RAW 264.7 cell model, zebrafish model and molecular docking.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The main chain comprised of <em>α</em>-L-Rhap, <em>α</em>-D-GalAp and <em>β</em>-D-Galp, while the branch consisted mainly of <em>α</em>-L-Araf, <em>β</em>-D-Glcp, <em>α</em>-D-GalAp, <em>β</em>-D-Galp. The RAW264.7 cell assay results showed that the inhibition rates against IL-6 and IL-1<em>β</em> secretion at the concentration of 625 ng/mL were 24.83 %, 11.84 %, while the inhibition rate against IL-10 secretion was 70.17 % at the concentration of 312 ng/mL. In the zebrafish assay, the migrating neutrophils were significantly reduced in number, and their migration to inflammatory tissues was inhibited. Molecular docking predictions correlated well with the results of the anti-inflammatory assay.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The present study demonstrated the structure of acidic polysaccharides of <em>P. quinquefolius</em> berry and their effect on inflammation, providing a reference for screening anti-inflammatory drugs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ginseng Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S122684532400085X/pdfft?md5=8ecd2e0266fe3f2d5ee70973358f10cb&pid=1-s2.0-S122684532400085X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141028031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ginseng as a therapeutic target to alleviate gut and brain diseases via microbiome regulation","authors":"Hamid Iqbal, Yihyo Kim, Mirim Jin, Dong-kwon Rhee","doi":"10.1016/j.jgr.2024.04.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgr.2024.04.005","url":null,"abstract":"The human gut, which contains a diverse microbiome, plays an important role in maintaining physiological balance and preserving the immune system. The complex interplay between the central nervous system (CNS) and the gut microbiome has gained significant attention due to its profound implications for overall health, particularly for gut and brain disorders. There is emerging evidence that the gut-brain axis (GBA) represents a bidirectional communication system between the CNS and the gastrointestinal tract and plays a pivotal role in regulating many aspects of human health. Ginseng has shown potential to ameliorate conditions associated with dysbiosis, such as gut and CNS disorders by restoring microbial balance and enhancing gut barrier function. This comprehensive review provides valuable insights into the potential of ginseng as a herbal modulator of GBA as a therapeutic intervention for preventing and treating gut and neurological diseases via microbiota regulation to ultimately enhance overall health. Furthermore, we emphasize the therapeutic benefits of ginseng, its ability to enhance beneficial probiotics, such as Firmicutes, , , and while reducing pathogenic bacteria prevalence, such as , and Proteobacteria. Although the connection between ginseng regulation of microbial communities in response to the gut and neuropsychiatric disorders is lacking, additional investigations are warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms, optimize dosages, and explore the clinical relevance of ginseng in promoting GBA balance and ultimately overall health.","PeriodicalId":16035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ginseng Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140838453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}