Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Editorial Commentary.","authors":"Mohan S Kamath","doi":"10.4103/jhrs.jhrs_98_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jhrs.jhrs_98_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences","volume":"17 2","pages":"67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11290716/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141875043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, Impaired Kidney Function and Hyperuricaemia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Nicolas Daniel Widjanarko, Archie Fontana Iskandar, Felicia Grizelda Suryatenggara, Rosalia Sylfiasari, Leonardo Leonardo","doi":"10.4103/jhrs.jhrs_31_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jhrs.jhrs_31_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a gynaecological problem affecting women within reproductive age, accompanied by several metabolic anomalies, thus leading to alteration in kidney function and hyperuricaemia. Due to the high prevalence of cardiometabolic factors in PCOS, there is a need to anticipate an increased number of kidney impairments amongst these women.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This review aims to investigate the potential link between PCOS, impaired kidney function, and elevated uric acid levels. By elucidating this association, we hope to provide clinicians with a tool to stratify the risk of kidney disease in women diagnosed with PCOS, based on readily available kidney function parameters.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The recommendations used for the analysis were outlined in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 guidelines. Subsequently, eligible studies were identified using several databases (MEDLINE, ProQuest and EBSCOhost) between 1996 and 2022, with a total of 13 studies included. Serum uric acid, serum creatinine, as well as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were evaluated as the outcome of interest. Quality assessment for cohort, case-control and cross-sectional studies was conducted utilising the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, while Review Manager 5.4 was utilised for meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Uric acid was significantly higher in women with PCOS (mean difference [MD] = 0.70, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.45-0.95], <i>P</i> < 0.00001). Meanwhile, serum creatinine and eGFR were statistically similar in each group (MD = 0.08, 95% CI [-0.05-0.21], <i>P</i> = 0.22 and MD = 3.54, 95% CI [-4.53-11.61], <i>P</i> = 0.39, respectively).</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>This review showed that PCOS was significantly associated with elevated uric acid. However, no significant difference was found between eGFR and creatinine levels compared to healthy controls. Routine uric acid assessment in PCOS patients is recommended as a simple tool for risk stratification.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>No body mass index (BMI) subgroup analysis was done due to limited BMI reporting in our included studies. Quantitative analysis of all kidney function parameters was also limited by sparse data on urea and albumin.</p><p><strong>Prospero registration number: </strong>CRD42023410092 (02 April 2023).</p>","PeriodicalId":15975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences","volume":"17 2","pages":"68-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11290718/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141875041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Key Genes Associated with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome and Endometrial and Ovarian Cancer through Bioinformatics.","authors":"Karishma Raulo, Sahar Qazi","doi":"10.4103/jhrs.jhrs_44_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jhrs.jhrs_44_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a common endocrine disorder, is linked to increased risks of endometrial cancer (EC) and ovarian cancer (OC). Our study utilises bioinformatics analysis to identify shared gene signatures and elucidate biological processes between EC and OC and PCOS.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The objective of this research is to unveil the common molecular landscape shared by PCOS and EC and OC.</p><p><strong>Settings and design: </strong>An observational computational bioinformatics analysis.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Gene expression profiles for PCOS (GSE199225), EC (GSE215413) and OC (GSE174670) were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Hub genes were identified through functional enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction. Drug identification analyses were employed to find drugs targeting the hub genes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Key hub genes linking PCOS and EC includes <i>RECQL4, RAD54L, ATR, CHTF18, WDHD1, CDT1, PLK1, PKMYT1, RAD18</i> and <i>RPL3</i>; for PCOS and OC, they include <i>HMOX1, TXNRD1, NQO1, GCLC, GSTP1, PRDX1, SOD1, GPX3, BOP1</i> and <i>BYSL</i>. Gene Ontology analysis revealed DNA metabolic process in PCOS and EC, while in PCOS and OC, it identified the removal of superoxide radicals. Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis highlighted cell cycle in PCOS and EC and hepatocellular carcinoma in PCOS and OC. Potential drugs for PCOS and EC include quercetin, calcitriol and testosterone; for PCOS and OC, eugenol and 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene are identified.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings offer insights into potential therapeutic targets and pathways linking PCOS with EC and OC, enhancing our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in these associations.</p>","PeriodicalId":15975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences","volume":"17 2","pages":"81-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11290717/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141875044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Best Practice Recommendations for Infertility Management","authors":"Jaideep Malhotra, M. Gouri Devi, Madhuri Patil","doi":"10.4103/jhrs.jhrs_isar_ifs","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jhrs.jhrs_isar_ifs","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The objective of this document is to provide guidance to the infertility specialist, gynecologist, embryologist, and counselors on the management of sub-fertility and brief them with the recent advances in the field. These recommendations will aid the aforementioned healthcare professionals in everyday clinical decisions about appropriate and effective care of their patients with the best available evidence.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Extensive deliberations, discussion, and brainstorming was done between different reproductive medicine (RM) specialists, to develop the recommendations.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A systematic review of the literature published up to June 2019 was carried out using PubMed and Cochrane Collaboration Library. International guidelines, cohort studies, case series, observational studies, and randomized controlled trials currently available in the literature were reviewed. Indian data whatever available was also reviewed.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Primary meetings were held with leading reproductive medicine specialists. Each topic was brainstormed on by a group of reproductive medicine experts, who then prepared the first draft of the recommendation. These recommendations then were reviewed by Dr. Jaideep Malhotra, Dr. Gouri Devi, and Dr. Madhuri Patil along with the chief co-ordinator of each consensus to finalize the final draft.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 From the literature and discussion of the available evidence, several topics were identified for which evidence is inconsistent, insufficient, or non-existing. For the benefit of couples undergoing several treatments, the working committee recommends that future research, where possible in well–designed RCTs, will help in establishing evidence for a particular practice. In the Indian context, one also needs to take into consideration facilities and options available, cost, lack of insurance coverage, experimental nature of some advanced techniques used.\u0000","PeriodicalId":15975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences","volume":"92 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139824754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Best Practice Recommendations for Infertility Management","authors":"Jaideep Malhotra, M. Gouri Devi, Madhuri Patil","doi":"10.4103/jhrs.jhrs_isar_ifs","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jhrs.jhrs_isar_ifs","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The objective of this document is to provide guidance to the infertility specialist, gynecologist, embryologist, and counselors on the management of sub-fertility and brief them with the recent advances in the field. These recommendations will aid the aforementioned healthcare professionals in everyday clinical decisions about appropriate and effective care of their patients with the best available evidence.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Extensive deliberations, discussion, and brainstorming was done between different reproductive medicine (RM) specialists, to develop the recommendations.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A systematic review of the literature published up to June 2019 was carried out using PubMed and Cochrane Collaboration Library. International guidelines, cohort studies, case series, observational studies, and randomized controlled trials currently available in the literature were reviewed. Indian data whatever available was also reviewed.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Primary meetings were held with leading reproductive medicine specialists. Each topic was brainstormed on by a group of reproductive medicine experts, who then prepared the first draft of the recommendation. These recommendations then were reviewed by Dr. Jaideep Malhotra, Dr. Gouri Devi, and Dr. Madhuri Patil along with the chief co-ordinator of each consensus to finalize the final draft.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 From the literature and discussion of the available evidence, several topics were identified for which evidence is inconsistent, insufficient, or non-existing. For the benefit of couples undergoing several treatments, the working committee recommends that future research, where possible in well–designed RCTs, will help in establishing evidence for a particular practice. In the Indian context, one also needs to take into consideration facilities and options available, cost, lack of insurance coverage, experimental nature of some advanced techniques used.\u0000","PeriodicalId":15975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences","volume":"128 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139884721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decoding the Genetics of Recurrent Molar Pregnancy.","authors":"Sumita Mehta, Sunita Bijarnia Mahay, Abhishek Satapathy, Kiran Arora","doi":"10.4103/jhrs.jhrs_121_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jhrs.jhrs_121_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hydatidiform mole is a condition characterised by abnormal trophoblastic hyperplasia and failure of embryonic tissue development. The risk of recurrence is seen to be associated with biallelic maternal mutations in <i>NLRP7</i>, <i>KHDC3 L</i> and <i>PAD16</i> genes. Women with such mutations have a major risk of reproductive failure and normal pregnancy is seen in only 1.8%. We report the case of a 31-year-old woman with previous three molar pregnancies who on genetic testing was found to be compound heterozygous for pathogenic variants in the <i>NLRP7</i> gene (c.2738A>G and c.2078G>C). Accordingly, the woman was counselled regarding assisted reproduction with oocyte donation for a normal pregnancy outcome. At present, the patient has an ongoing 5-month pregnancy through oocyte donation.</p>","PeriodicalId":15975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences","volume":"17 1","pages":"61-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11041314/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140866480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Platelet-rich Plasma in Unexplained Recurrent Implantation Failure - A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomised Control Trials.","authors":"Harpreet Kaur, Meenakshi Meenu, Shivam Pandey, Anil Chauhan, Mishu Mangla","doi":"10.4103/jhrs.jhrs_166_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jhrs.jhrs_166_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recurrent implantation failure (RIF) is a challenging clinical situation and various strategies have been tried to improve the pregnancy rate in RIF. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), which is obtained from the autologous blood samples of a person and is multiple times richer in platelets and other growth factors helps improve endometrial receptivity.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study has been conducted to summarise the evidence and quality of evidence available so far regarding the role of PRP in cases of unexplained RIF.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>An electronic database search for randomised clinical trials comparing PRP against routine care in women with unexplained RIF was performed on PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS and Cochrane Central. Two independent reviewers conducted a literature search and retrieved data using the predefined eligibility criteria. Bias assessment was done using the Cochrane Collaboration Network Risk of Bias Tool version 2. The quality of evidence was determined and a summary of the findings table was prepared for individual outcomes using GRADEpro software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 1146 records, and after removing duplicates, 531 records were screened. Out of these, 22 studies reached full-text screening and nine studies were included in the final review. We are uncertain about the effect of PRP due to the very low quality of evidence and we have little confidence that the administration of PRP had any significant effect on improving the live birth rate in women with RIF (odds ratio [OR]: 7.32, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.54-11.81, <i>I</i>² = 40%). Similarly, the quality of evidence was low for the clinical pregnancy rate, so we are uncertain if the administration of PRP had any significant effect on the clinical pregnancy rate (OR: 3.20, 95% CI: 2.38-4.28, <i>I</i>² = 0%).</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>The current review suggests that there may be some beneficial effects of PRP in women with RIF, but the quality of evidence is very low and we are uncertain of the benefit and have little confidence in these findings.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>Limitations are the small sample size of most studies, a short follow-up period, non-uniformity in the definition of outcomes and very low quality of evidence.</p><p><strong>Registration: </strong>The protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021292209).</p>","PeriodicalId":15975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences","volume":"17 1","pages":"2-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11041320/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140865112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-Mullerian Hormone and Fertility Treatment Decisions in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Literature Review.","authors":"Duru Shah, Padma Rekha Jirge","doi":"10.4103/jhrs.jhrs_153_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jhrs.jhrs_153_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anti-Mullerian hormone is a robust marker of ovarian reserve and ovarian response in <i>in vitro</i> fertilisation (IVF). However, its role extends beyond improving the safety of IVF by aiding in choosing appropriate protocols and dosing. This review looks at the value of pre-treatment anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) value in choosing the appropriate modality of treatment and its predictive ability for the outcomes of such treatment. It briefly addresses the factors that may modulate AMH levels and make clinical decision-making challenging.</p>","PeriodicalId":15975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences","volume":"17 1","pages":"16-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11041323/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140850917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fertility Quality of Life, a Worldwide Accepted Tool to Measure Fertility Quality of Life.","authors":"Satish P Dipankar","doi":"10.4103/jhrs.jhrs_7_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jhrs.jhrs_7_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences","volume":"17 1","pages":"66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11041317/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140850918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utility of Visceral Adiposity Index and Lipid Accumulation Products to Define Metabolically-Unhealthy Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Asian Indian Women - A Cross Sectional Study.","authors":"R A Shreenidhi, Reeta Mahey, Monika Rajput, Rohitha Cheluvaraju, Ashish D Upadhyay, Jai Bhagwan Sharma, Garima Kachhawa, Neerja Bhatla","doi":"10.4103/jhrs.jhrs_14_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jhrs.jhrs_14_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) women are at risk of developing diabetes, cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome (MetS) due to insulin resistance (IR) and hyperandrogenism (HA). Both visceral adiposity index (VAI) and lipid accumulation product (LAP) are simple outpatient department-based metric tools that have been introduced to screen PCOS women who are metabolically unhealthy and are at risk of development of MetS.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>The aim of the study was to evaluate VAI and LAP in women with PCOS and to correlate them with metabolic and endocrine markers. The study also assessed these parameters amongst different PCOS phenotypes and determined their usefulness to define metabolically healthy PCOS (MH-PCOS) and metabolically unhealthy PCOS (MU-PCOS).</p><p><strong>Settings and design: </strong>The design of the study was a cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Two hundred PCOS women were included in the study, and all the clinical, anthropometric, hormonal, biochemical and metabolic markers were assessed. The cohort was divided into MH-PCOS and MU-PCOS by the modified National Cholesterol Education Programme criteria. VAI and LAP were calculated and correlated with clinical, endocrine and metabolic parameters.</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis used: </strong>Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to study the independent role of VAI and LAP to predict MetS. Adjusted and unadjusted odds ratios were calculated. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was done to define cut-offs in Asian Indian women.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>VAI and LAP had good ability to correctly discriminate MU-PCOS from MH-PCOS (area under the curve [AUC] [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 0.89 [0.82-0.95]) and (AUC [95% CI [0.81-0.92] =0.86) using ROC, respectively. The sensitivity of VAI and LAP corresponding to the optimal cut-off of ≥2.76 and ≥48.06 (Youden) was 84.09% and 79.55%, respectively. Similarly, the specificity of VAI and LAP was 85.26% and 79.49%, respectively. VAI has a positive predictive value of 61.7% (95% CI [23.7%-40.3%]) and a negative predictive value of 95% (95% CI [88%-99.1%]). LAP has a positive predictive value of 53% (95% CI [40.3%-65.4%]) and a negative predictive value of 93.3% (95% CI [87.6%-96.9%]). PCOS women having VAI ≥ 2.76 had 19.3 times ([95% CI: 6.50-57.70]) more chance of developing MetS. PCOS women having LAP (≥48.06) have 3.7 times ([95% CI: 1.35-10.60]) more odds. There was no difference between ROC curves of VAI and LAP (<i>P</i> = 0.32).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>VAI cut-off ≥ 2.76 and LAP with a cut-off of ≥ 48.06 may be used as markers for predicting MetS amongst PCOS women.</p>","PeriodicalId":15975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences","volume":"17 1","pages":"50-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11041319/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140858547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}