Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Male Sexual Dysfunction and Hypogonadism in Young Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross Sectional Study.","authors":"R Raghuraman, Ashok Krishna Bhuyan, Abhamoni Baro, Uma Kaimal Saikia","doi":"10.4103/jhrs.jhrs_60_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jhrs.jhrs_60_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Male sexual dysfunction (MSD) is a common occurrence in diabetic patients, which is not routinely assessed in clinical settings.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of MSD and hypogonadism in young type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients aged between 20 and 40 years and its association with duration, glycaemic control and complications of diabetes.</p><p><strong>Settings and design: </strong>This is a cross-sectional study involving 70 men with T2DM of 20-40 years of age visiting the endocrinology department in a tertiary care centre. This study was conducted from November 2021 to March 2023.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Seventy subjects satisfying inclusion criteria were included in the study and assessed using the International Index of Erectile Function-15 questionnaire, intravaginal ejaculation latency time, androgen deficiency in ageing male questionnaire, hormonal parameters (Luteinising Hormone, Follicle stimulating hormone, Testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin) and penile Doppler.</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis used: </strong>The statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 21. A <i>P</i> < 0.05 is considered statistically significant. Data were checked for normality using Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk tests. For determining statistical significance between continuous variables with non-normal data, the Mann-Whitney <i>U</i> test and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used. Pie charts, bar diagrams and scatter plots were used for descriptive statistics. Frequency, percentage, means, median, range and standard deviation were used for all quantitative data. The Chi-square test was used to find a significant association between categorical variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixty per cent of men had at least one form of MSD. Hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) - 44.28% was the most common MSD, followed by erectile dysfunction (ED) - 42.85% and ejaculatory disorders - 18.57%. Penile Doppler was done in 15 patients, of whom 9 patients had normal Doppler, venous incompetence was present in 3, followed by mixed (arterial and venous) in 2 and arterial insufficiency in 1 subject. Hypogonadism was present in 27.14% of men and secondary hypogonadism was the most common cause (84.21%). There was a significant association between neuropathy and ED and between hypogonadism and HSDD. There was also a significant association between fasting plasma glucose, post-prandial plasma glucose and MSD.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MSD is common in young T2DM men, which should be given due importance in clinical practice to improve their quality of life. Glycaemic control is of utmost importance in these men.</p>","PeriodicalId":15975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences","volume":"17 3","pages":"170-177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11559345/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142622134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Interleukin Polymorphisms on the Risk of Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Praveen Kumar Chandra Sekar, Ramakrishnan Veerabathiran","doi":"10.4103/jhrs.jhrs_110_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jhrs.jhrs_110_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Interleukin (IL) genes are essential for regulating the immune and inflammatory processes. Epidemiological studies suggest that polymorphisms in IL genes are associated with a higher risk of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to examine the association between RPL risk and IL gene polymorphisms.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A comprehensive search of the literature was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar and Embase to identify relevant studies published until May 30, 2024. A total of 58 studies involving 13,696 participants (both RPL cases and controls) were included. Pooled odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using fixed- or random-effects models, as appropriate, with ReviewManager version 5.4, Cochrane RoB Tool 2 and G*Power 3.1 software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The meta-analysis revealed significant correlations between RPL risk and genetic variations in IL-1β (-511T > C), IL-6 (-174 G > C) and IL-10 (-1082 A > G and-592 C > A), with statistical significance set at <i>P</i> < 0.05. Ethnic subgroup analysis showed that IL-1β (-511T > C) and IL-10 (-592 C > A) variations were strongly associated with RPL risk in Asian populations.</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>Our research suggests that genetic variations in IL-1β (-511T > C), IL-6 (-174 G > C) and IL-10 (-1082 A > G and-592 C > A) are associated with susceptibility to RPL.</p><p><strong>Limitation: </strong>Our meta-analysis concentrated exclusively on single-factor studies and did not consider potential confounding variables such as age, environmental influences and lifestyle, which could affect susceptibility to RPL. In addition, the lack of individual raw data prevented us from investigating gene-environment and gene-gene interactions or the influence of other polymorphisms and cytokines in our analysis.</p><p><strong>Protocol registration: </strong>http://www.osf.io/qhbva.</p>","PeriodicalId":15975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences","volume":"17 3","pages":"142-157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11559354/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142622133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial Commentary.","authors":"Mohan S Kamath","doi":"10.4103/jhrs.jhrs_148_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jhrs.jhrs_148_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences","volume":"17 3","pages":"141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11559352/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142622130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Childbirth after Fertility Preservation and Gender Reassigning Surgery from Indian Transgender Community.","authors":"Jisha Varghese, M H Azif Khan, Suja Sukumar","doi":"10.4103/jhrs.jhrs_49_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jhrs.jhrs_49_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fertility preservation (FP) is critical for those members of the transgender community who desire biological offspring in the future. As gender-affirming hormone therapy and gender-affirming surgeries (GASs) negatively affect future fertility potential, awareness amongst care providers and the transgender population regarding FP and family-building options is the need of the hour. As the first case of childbirth after transgender FP and GAS in India, this will be a beacon of hope for transgender family-building options in India.</p>","PeriodicalId":15975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences","volume":"17 3","pages":"216-220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11559351/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142622131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Combined Treatment of Granulocyte Colony-stimulating Factor and Oestrogen in Treatment of Thin Endometrium: A Rat Model.","authors":"Inci Kahyaoglu, Gülnur Take Kaplanoglu, Gökçe Nur Arik Erol, Serkan Kahyaoglu","doi":"10.4103/jhrs.jhrs_40_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jhrs.jhrs_40_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Thin endometrium, described as endometrial thickness below 7 mm on embryo transfer day in assisted reproduction cycles, is associated with decreased pregnancy rates. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and oestrogen (E) are two medications used for treatment.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of this study is to demonstrate the effect of combined G-CSF+E treatment on thin endometrium in a rat model.</p><p><strong>Settings and design: </strong>Gazi University Laboratory Animals Breeding and Experimental Researchers Center provided the veterinary care.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Forty-eight female rats were divided into 8 groups (6 rats/group). Groups were named as group 1: control, group 2: control that received G-CSF, group 3: control that received E, group 4: control that received G-CSF+E, group 5: thin endometrium model, group 6: thin endometrium model that received G-CSF, group 7: thin endometrium model that received E and group 8: thin endometrium model that received G-CSF+E. Twelve days after the establishment of thin endometrium model, G-CSF and/or E treatment was started and continued for 5 days according to the groups. Tissue specimens were collected at the end of the treatment period. Proliferation, apoptosis and angiogenesis were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis used: </strong>The data were analysed using one-way analysis of variance and Tamhane <i>post hoc</i> test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant increase in uterine wall and endometrial thickness was detected in the thin endometrium + G-CSF group when compared to the thin endometrium group. G-CSF was demonstrated to cause an extensive proliferative response and induction of angiogenesis in thin endometrium without restoration of endometrial glands. E alone restored thin endometrium to almost normal histology. Morphological changes representing the dominant effects of G-CSF were observed in thin endometrium model receiving G-CSF+E.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>G-CSF+E is not an effective treatment modality in thin endometrium rat model.</p>","PeriodicalId":15975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences","volume":"17 3","pages":"178-184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11559348/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142620582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Individualised Lifestyle Intervention in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Women Who Desire Fertility: A Feasibility Study.","authors":"Parisuddharao Koduri, Chinta Parimala, Aleyamma Thayparmbil Kunjummen, Bijesh Kumar Yadav, Nitin Kapoor, P Sandhiya, Vimala, Mohan Shashikant Kamath","doi":"10.4103/jhrs.jhrs_111_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jhrs.jhrs_111_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the common causes of anovulatory infertility among women in the reproductive age group. Women with PCOS and obesity often have difficulty in conceiving, and they are more prone for developing metabolic syndrome. Lifestyle modification plays a key role in women with PCOS, who are overweight or obese and is recommended as a first line management option. The earlier trials evaluating the role of lifestyle intervention in infertile PCOS women had methodological issues, smaller sample size and high dropout rates and none of these trials reported live birth as their outcome.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The current study was planned to explore the feasibility of conducting large adequately powered multicentric trial in future in South Asian women with PCOS who desire fertility.</p><p><strong>Setting and design: </strong>The study was done in the Department of Reproductive Medicine and Surgery & the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism at a university level tertiary care hospital. The study is an open label, single center, randomized controlled trial.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 60 PCOS women aged between 18-40 years with body mass index of > 23 kg/m2 who desire fertility, were randomized to individualized lifestyle intervention and usual care. The primary outcome was the dropout rate, and the secondary outcomes were change in body weight, anthropometric parameters, clinical pregnancy rates and the quality of life specific to PCOS after the trial period. All the participants were followed up for 6 months and the outcomes were assessed.</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis: </strong>Comparison between the intervention and control groups was done using statistical tests using the SPSS and R software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The dropout rates were significantly higher in the individualized lifestyle intervention arm compared to usual care control arm (19/30, 63% vs 9/30, 30%, <i>P</i>=0.019). We did not find any statistically significant difference in anthropometric measurements, pregnancy rates (<i>P</i>=0.57) and clinical pregnancy rates (<i>P</i>=0.21) and quality of life specific to PCOS compared with sixth month visit from baseline visit.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The current feasibility study showed significantly higher dropout rates in individualized lifestyle intervention arm compared to usual care control arm. The knowledge gained from the feasibility study has been used to design an adequately powered trial to evaluate effectiveness of individualized lifestyle intervention in women with PCOS who wish to conceive.</p>","PeriodicalId":15975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences","volume":"17 3","pages":"207-215"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11559350/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142622132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variability in Design and Materials of Vaginal Stent or Moulds for Vaginal Agenesis - A Systematic Review.","authors":"Prachi Jain, Shreya Jain, Arush Bansal, Abhinandan Soni","doi":"10.4103/jhrs.jhrs_100_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jhrs.jhrs_100_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vaginal stents play a crucial role in both non-surgical and surgical management of vaginal agenesis. Different types of stents with variable designs and materials have been described in the literature. However, a summary of various stents described in the existing data and their outcome measures needs to be studied.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objective of the study was to identify and summarise different types of vaginal stents used for patients with vaginal agenesis, to identify the design and material of different vaginal stents and to assess the benefit of using that specific vaginal stent.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The literature search was conducted in the PubMed database for articles from 2000 to 2024 in the English language. An exploration of grey literature was also included through Google Scholar. The articles were included only if they clearly described vaginal stent, its material, design and advantage of using that particular stent, and any study not directly related to the research question or in which vaginal stent was used for cases other than vaginal agenesis/Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome/Mullerian aplasia or agenesis were not included in this study. Risk of bias assessment was done using an eight-item tool that included domains of selection, ascertainment, causality and reporting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 133 abstracts appeared in PubMed, of which, 26 titles/abstracts were related to the research question. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, seventeen articles were selected for the review. A total of 905 articles were identified from Google Scholar, of which, 7 were chosen to be included. The literature reports the usage of variable vaginal stents which can be hard, soft, solid or hollow with the option of customisation available.</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>Based on the results of this review, soft stents are better than rigid stents due to increased patient compliance, a critical factor contributing to the success of the treatment. The resilient nature, comfort and lightweight of the silicone material are more suitable than commonly used acrylic material. However, the choice in a particular case may vary.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>The majority of articles included in this review were case reports. As the duration and frequency of usage of stents affect the outcome, studies need to be done to evaluate the effectiveness of different types of stents to come to identify the best design and material for vaginal stents.</p><p><strong>Prospero registration: </strong>CRD42024554676.</p>","PeriodicalId":15975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences","volume":"17 3","pages":"158-169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11559355/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142621190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does Serum Estradiol Prior to Progesterone Administration in Programmed Frozen Embryo Transfer Cycle Impacts Live Birth Rate: A Prospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Neeta Singh, Bakkireddy Saisree, Neena Malhotra, Supriya Kumari, Reeta Mahey, Nisha, Monika Saini","doi":"10.4103/jhrs.jhrs_76_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jhrs.jhrs_76_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is a paucity of data on the optimal threshold of oestradiol (E2) levels required for successful implantation as this is a valid question to be answered, considering that significant number of <i>in vitro</i> fertilisation cycles are deferred for FET cycles.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of this study is to investigate the serum E2 levels before starting exogenous progesterone in artificial autologous frozen thawed embryo transfers on pregnancy outcomes.</p><p><strong>Settings and design: </strong>This was a cohort study wherein clinical data of 213 artificial autologous programmed hormone-regulated frozen embryo transfer (HR-FET) cycles were collected.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The HR-FET cycles were divided into three groups based on the E2 levels before starting progesterone: Group A: E2 ≤300 pg/mL, Group B: E2 301-500 pg/mL and Group C: E2 >500 pg/mL. After adequate endometrial stripe was appreciated by transvaginal ultrasonography, single blastocyst transfer was performed in all the cycles.</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis used and results: </strong>The clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) in Groups A, B and C were 41.8%, 73.5% and 0.95%, respectively (<i>P</i> = 0.0001). The live birth rate (LBR) in Groups A, B and C was 18.1%, 62.2% and 0%, respectively (<i>P</i> = 0.0001). The miscarriage rate (MR) was significantly lower (15.3%) when E2 was between 301 and 500 pg/mL (<i>P</i> = 0.001). At both the extremes of serum E2 values, the rate of miscarriage increased. If serum E2 levels were ≤300 pg/mL or >500 pg/mL, the rate of miscarriage was 56.5% and 100%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Serum E2 levels in the range of 301-500 pg/mL before starting progesterone in programmed FET cycle are associated with an improved CPR and LBR and also decreased MR as compared to the extreme values of E2 ≤300 pg/mL or >500 pg/mL.</p>","PeriodicalId":15975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences","volume":"17 3","pages":"193-199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11559349/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142622129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Burden of Fatigue on Work Performance among Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome.","authors":"Aakanksha Bajpai, Digvijay Sharma, Gunjan Nagpal, Kalpana Verma","doi":"10.4103/jhrs.jhrs_124_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jhrs.jhrs_124_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences","volume":"17 3","pages":"221-222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11559346/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142622135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elevated Levels of Gonadotrophic Hormones and Antioxidant Biomarker in Male Rats Following Administration of Hydromethanol Leaf Extract of Justicia secunda in Response to 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine Induction","authors":"S. K. Mobisson, U. L. Iyanyi, B. E. Ehigiator, F. U. Ibe, J. B. Monye, A. O. Obembe","doi":"10.4103/jhrs.jhrs_13_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jhrs.jhrs_13_24","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine induces testicular toxicity and can result in reproductive dysfunction in male rats.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This study investigated the effects of hydromethanolic leaf extract of Justicia\u0000 secunda on phenylhydrazine (PHZ)-induced reproductive dysfunction in male Wistar rats.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Twenty rats (90–170 g) were grouped into five (A-E) (n = 4) with the approval of the research ethics committee.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Group A (control) received 0.5 mL of normal saline, Groups B to E received PHZ, PHZ + Astymin (0.5 mL), PHZ + J. secunda (0.2 mg/kg) and PHZ + J. secunda (0.5 mg/kg), respectively. All animals in Groups B to E received 2 mg/kg PHZ intraperitoneally for 2 days, and thereafter, administration of Astymin and J. secunda commenced in Groups C, D and E for 14 days using gavage.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The data were analysed using a one-way analysis of variance and the Bonferroni post\u0000 hoc test.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) decreased significantly in PHZ, PHZ + Astymin and PHZ + J. secunda (0.2 mg/kg) and increased significantly in PHZ + J. secunda (0.5 mg/kg) than control. Luteinising hormone (LH) and testosterone significantly (P < 0.001) reduced in treated groups than control. Total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and very-low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol were significantly reduced in the treated groups than the control. Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) significantly (P < 0.001) increased in treated groups than in control. Testicular glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase, catalase and malondialdehyde significantly increased in extract-treated groups compared to control. Superoxide dismutase significantly decreased in PHZ-treated group than in the control.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 PHZ administration caused testicular toxicity and altered biochemical markers, astymin treatment reduced male reproductive hormones, while J. secunda (0.5 mg/kg) increased FSH and LH, decreased TNFα levels and altered the concentration of testicular antioxidant markers. These alterations may be linked to the toxic effect of PHZ and could negatively affect spermatogenesis.\u0000","PeriodicalId":15975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences","volume":" 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141364858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}