Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Association of oxidative balance score with all-cause mortality among individuals with chronic kidney disease: a cohort study.","authors":"Ying Lan, Haoxian Tang, Zhimei Lin, Chao Huang, Lvlin Chen","doi":"10.1186/s41043-024-00657-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-024-00657-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Oxidative Balance Score (OBS) is employed for evaluating the body's overall level of oxidative stress. This study aimed to investigate the association between OBS and mortality in individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) using a cohort study design.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used data from adult participants(≥ 20 years old) in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2018. CKD is diagnosed based on the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines. OBS, which consists of 16 dietary factors and 4 lifestyle factors, categorized into pro-oxidants and antioxidants, with a total score range of 0 to 40 .The OBS was divided into four quartiles (Q1 to Q4), with Q1 (5-12), Q2 (13-18), Q3 (19-24), and Q4 (25-36). We excluded patients with missing data on OBS, CKD, and key covariates.Cox regression analysis were used to examine the relationship between OBS and all-cause mortality in CKD patients. Sensitivity analyses included subgroup analysis and multiple imputation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included a total of 3,984 patients with CKD. During an average follow-up period of 103 months, 1,263 cases (31.7%) of all-cause mortality were recorded. In the fully adjusted model, compared to Q1 the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for Q4 were as follows: OBS 0.80 (0.68, 0.95) (p = 0.012), dietary OBS 0.78 (0.66, 0.92) (p = 0.003), and lifestyle OBS 0.83 (0.70, 0.99) (p = 0.038). Our sensitivity analyses further confirmed the robustness of these results.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Higher OBS was negatively correlated with all-cause mortality risk in American adults with CKD.</p>","PeriodicalId":15969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition","volume":"43 1","pages":"160"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11481546/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142467446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of clinical aspects of obesity among undergraduate healthcare students- a cross-sectional study at King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Safiya Salem Bakarman, Saeed Asiri, Adel Bashatha, Wajid Syed, Mahmood Basil A Al-Rawi","doi":"10.1186/s41043-024-00651-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-024-00651-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Obesity among healthcare students (HCs)is a growing concern that needs to be addressed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, awareness, perceptions, practice, and preparedness of obesity, and associated factors among undergraduate HCs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2023 to March 2024 using an online prevalidated questionnaire, to assess clinical aspects of obesity.Simple random sampling was applied for data collection from nursing, emergency medical services (EMS), and pharmacy students at Saudi University, Riyadh Saudi Arabia. All data were analyzed using statistical package for social science (SPSS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 456 HCs participated in this study. Among those 68% believed eating high carbohydrates, fats, and sugars leads to obesity. At the same time, 52.2% and 57.2% were aware that smoking and stress can contribute to obesity. On the other hand, 41.9% live a healthy lifestyle and 38.65% engage in physical activity to control their obesity. The demographic variables such as age (p = 0.0001), gender (p = 0.0001), professional classification (p = 0.0001), presence of chronic diseases (p = 0.0001), history of weight loss treatment (p = 0.0001) and body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.0001) were significantly associated with knowledge of obesity(p = 0.001). Similarly, students' age (p = 0.001), presence of chronic diseases (p = 0.004) history of weight loss treatment (p = 0.0001), BMI (p = 0.001), and active status (p = 0.0001) were significantly associated with the perception of the obesity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Undergraduate HCs possess a good understanding of the clinical prospects of obesity. They know its causes, risks, and treatment options. Additionally, they are well-prepared to support individuals in managing their weight through lifestyle modifications and psychological counseling.</p>","PeriodicalId":15969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition","volume":"43 1","pages":"159"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11476735/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142467449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative clinical trial of Langenlianqiao oral liquid and Lianhuaqingwen capsule in the treatment of mild cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).","authors":"Yan-Mo Yang, Qin-Xuan Li, Yi-Zhao Liu, Mi Zhou","doi":"10.1186/s41043-024-00649-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-024-00649-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Langenlianqiao (LGLQ) oral liquid treatment and provide a reference basis for the clincal treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>An experimental clinical study was conducted on three groups with confirmed diagnoses of COVID-19. SITE: This study was conducted at Changde Hospital.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>A total of 253 patients were enrolled in this study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The patients were divided into the LGLQ treatment group (100 cases), the Lianhuaqingwen (LHQW) treatment group (100 cases) and the placebo control group (53 cases), according to the treatment each group received. The occurrence of major clinical symptoms, the duration of symptom disappearance, the number of days in hospitalisation and the duration of infection were compared among the three groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with the placebo control group (10.0 [1.2] d, 9.4 [1.3] d), the duration of infection and hospitalisation effectively decreased in the LGLQ group (6.8 [0.6] d, 7.4 [0.8] d) and the LHQW group (6.8 [1.0] d, 7.3 [1.0] d). Furthermore, the incidence of fatigue in the LGLQ group (4.0%) was lower compared to the LHQW group (14.0%) and the placebo control group (15.1%), but this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.580 for LGLQ vs. LHQW, P = 0.246 for LGLQ vs. placebo). In the treatment of cough, the LGLQ group showed a significantly different effect compared to both the LHQW group (P = 0.014) and the placebo group (P = 0.016). Additionally, for dry cough specifically, LHQW was effective in reducing its incidence compared to the placebo control group (P < 0.05), while LGLQ showed no statistically significant difference from either LHQW (P = 0.39) or the placebo group (P = 0.14). However, neither the LGLQ group nor the LHQW group showed a reduction in the duration of symptom disappearance in patients with pre-existing symptoms (P > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Compared with the placebo control group, the LGLQ group showed an improvement in the clinical symptoms of COVID-19 and a decrease in the duration of hospitalisation and infection, which confirmed that the LGLQ treatment had the same antiviral effect as the LHQW treatment. This may provide in-depth insights for antiviral therapy research.</p>","PeriodicalId":15969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition","volume":"43 1","pages":"158"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11479534/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142467447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction and feature selection of low birth weight using machine learning algorithms.","authors":"Tasneem Binte Reza, Nahid Salma","doi":"10.1186/s41043-024-00647-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-024-00647-8","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background and aims: &lt;/strong&gt;The birth weight of a newborn is a crucial factor that affects their overall health and future well-being. Low birth weight (LBW) is a widespread global issue, which the World Health Organization defines as weighing less than 2,500 g. LBW can have severe negative consequences on an individual's health, including neonatal mortality and various health concerns throughout their life. To address this problem, this study has been conducted using BDHS 2017-2018 data to uncover important aspects of LBW using a variety of machine learning (ML) approaches and to determine the best feature selection technique and best predictive ML model.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;To pick out the key features, the Boruta algorithm and wrapper method were used. Logistic Regression (LR) used as traditional method and several machine learning classifiers were then used, including, DT (Decision Tree), SVM (Support Vector Machine), NB (Naïve Bayes), RF (Random Forest), XGBoost (eXtreme Gradient Boosting), and AdaBoost (Adaptive Boosting), to determine the best model for predicting LBW. The model's performance was evaluated based on the specificity, sensitivity, accuracy, F1 score and AUC value.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Result shows, Boruta algorithm identifies eleven significant features including respondent's age, highest education level, educational attainment, wealth index, age at first birth, weight, height, BMI, age at first sexual intercourse, birth order number, and whether the child is a twin. Incorporating Boruta algorithm's significant features, the performance of traditional LR and ML methods including DT, SVM, NB, RF, XGBoost, and AB were evaluated where LR, had a specificity, sensitivity, accuracy and F1 score of 0.85, 0.5, 85.15% and 0.915. While the ML methods DT, SVM, NB, RF, XGBoost, and AB model's respective accuracy values were 85.35%, 85.15%, 84.54%, 81.18%, and 84.41%. Based on the specificity, sensitivity, accuracy, F1 score and AUC, RF (specificity = 0.99, sensitivity = 0.58, accuracy = 85.86%, F1 score = 0.9243, AUC = 0.549) outperformed the other methods. Both the classical (LR) and machine learning (ML) models' performance has improved dramatically when important characteristics are extracted using the wrapper method. The LR method identified five significant features with a specificity, sensitivity, accuracy and F1 score of 0.87, 0.33, 87.12% and 0.9309. The region, whether the infant is a twin, and cesarean delivery were the three key features discovered by the DT and RF models, which were implemented using the wrapper technique. All three models had the identical F1 score of 0.9318. However, \"child is twin\" was recognized as a significant feature by the SVM, NB, and AB models, with an F1 score of 0.9315. Ultimately, with an F1 score of 0.9315, the XGBoost model recognized \"child is twin\" and \"age at first sex\" as relevant features. Random Forest again beat the other approaches in this instance.&lt;/","PeriodicalId":15969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition","volume":"43 1","pages":"157"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11471022/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142467451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the association of social connections and food security among adults with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes: a population-based study.","authors":"Ramona S DeJesus, Jessica A Grimm, Chun Fan, Jennifer St Sauver","doi":"10.1186/s41043-024-00648-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41043-024-00648-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Primary health care professionals are held accountable for various quality measures in the treatment of patients with chronic diseases such as diabetes. Uncontrolled type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains a considerable health problem; thus, further studying patients with this condition is important for delivering effective interventions. Social determinants of health (SDoH) have been shown to affect various aspects of diabetes care in different subpopulations. We studied the association of SDoH with uncontrolled T2D in a population of adult primary care patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively searched our electronic health record for adult patients (≥18 years) with a diagnosis of T2D and a hemoglobin A_1c (HbA_1c) level of 8% or higher. Patients were empaneled to 2 primary care clinic sites between January 1, 2021, and January 31, 2022. Patients were grouped by HbA_1c level to stratify patients according to the extent of uncontrolled T2D. Patient characteristics were compared among groups. Unadjusted and adjusted multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the odds of various SDoH factors among patient groups with different levels of uncontrolled T2D.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study cohort included 1,596 patients. Most patients were White (79%), and the median age was 58.8 years. The median HbA_1c level was 8.9%, and approximately 68% of patients were obese (body mass index [BMI] ≥30). When the study population was grouped by HbA_1c level (8% to < 9% [n = 806], ≥9% to < 12% [n = 684], and ≥12% [n = 106]), significant differences among groups were observed in age group (P < .001), marital status (P < .001), race (P < .001), ethnicity (P = .001), and BMI category (P = .01). In groups with higher HbA_1c levels, we noticed a higher percentage of patients who were aged 51 to 65 years or single. Among patients with uncontrolled HbA_1c levels, more patients were obese than overweight. Patients in the intermediate HbA_1c group had increased odds of food insecurity and some decreased social connections, even after adjusting for age, sex, race, ethnicity, and marital status.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Among patients with uncontrolled T2D, higher HbA_1c levels were associated with decreased social connections and increased food insecurity. Our findings provide insight into the role of these SDoH in managing T2D and have important implications for primary care practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":15969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition","volume":"43 1","pages":"156"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11451060/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142372051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of high-protein enteral nutrition on muscle preservation in mechanically ventilated patients with severe pneumonia: a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Cheng Liu, Li He, Jin Hui Zhang, JiangShan He, Lin Tian, Xiangde Zheng","doi":"10.1186/s41043-024-00633-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-024-00633-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to assess the effects of enteral nutrition with different protein concentrations on muscle mass in severe pneumonia patients, providing insights for enteral nutrition practice in intensive care units (ICUs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 120 severe pneumonia patients admitted to Dazhou Central Hospital's ICU between June 1, 2022, and February 1, 2023, meeting inclusion criteria, were randomly assigned to either a high-protein group (n = 60, 1.8 g/kg/d) or a standard-protein group (n = 60, 1.2 g/kg/d). Changes in relevant indicators were monitored on days 1, 5, and 10 of ICU admission, including quadriceps and diaphragm thickness, nutritional status (prealbumin and albumin), and adverse events such as diarrhea and constipation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Autoregressive of order 1 model (AR(1)) analysis revealed a decrease in both quadriceps and diaphragm thickness over time in both groups. A significant group × time interaction was observed in quadriceps thickness. By day 10, compared to baseline, quadriceps thickness decreased in the high-protein (-0.315 cm [95% CI, -0.340 to -0.289]) and standard-protein (-0.429 cm [95% CI, -0.455 to -0.404]) groups. The high-protein group exhibited a lower quadriceps atrophy rate (13.97 ± 2.43%) compared to the standard-protein group (18.96 ± 2.61%), showing a significant difference (P < 0.001). No significant differences were found in diaphragmatic thickness between groups and over time. By day 10, both groups exhibited decreased diaphragmatic muscle thickness compared to baseline. The high-protein group (33.76 ± 5.09%) had a slightly lower phrenic atrophy rate compared to the standard-protein group (33.41 ± 4.53%). Both groups experienced enteral nutritional intolerance manifested as diarrhea, constipation, and other adverse events.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>High-protein enteral nutrition significantly improved quadriceps thickness and demonstrated good safety in severe pneumonia patients, suggesting its suitability for widespread clinical application.</p>","PeriodicalId":15969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition","volume":"43 1","pages":"152"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11439213/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142348111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Appropriateness of antibiotic prescribing among patients treated for dental diseases in Mekelle city, Northern Ethiopia: a cross sectional study.","authors":"Gebrehiwot Teklay, Haftu Tefera","doi":"10.1186/s41043-024-00636-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-024-00636-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Local operative treatments are generally preferred for most dental diseases, with antibiotics only recommended as an adjunct in specific cases. Misuse and overuse of antibiotics has been shown to significantly contribute to the development of resistant bacteria. However, the antibiotic prescribing practices of dentists in Ethiopia have not been thoroughly studied. This study aimed to assess the appropriateness of antibiotic prescribing for patients with dental diseases at dental clinics in Mekelle City, Northern Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross sectional study was conducted in April and May 2020 among patients visiting dental clinics in Mekelle City. Data were collected through patient medical record reviews and dentist interviews. The appropriateness of antibiotic prescription was evaluated based on guidelines from the American Dental Association and the European Society of Endodontology. Data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics, version 29. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed, and the results were presented as odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. A p value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two hundred and thirty-one patients with dental diseases participated in the study. The mean age was 30.6 years with a standard deviation of 16.1. Most participants had dental pulp related disease. 89% of patients were prescribed antibiotics, with amoxicillin being the most common. Inappropriate antibiotic prescribing was identified in 175 (75.8%) of the study participants. The most common inappropriate prescribing was unnecessary antibiotic prescribing for dental conditions without systemic signs, assessed in 141 (80.1%) participants. Patients diagnosed with pulp related disease without systemic signs and those who had tooth extractions were significantly associated with inappropriate antibiotic prescription (p value < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study findings show that antibiotics are over-prescribed for dental conditions in this resource constrained setting, especially in patients who have had tooth extractions. Dentists need training on appropriate antibiotic use and antimicrobial stewardship interventions should be implemented in dental setting to reduce unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions and prevent antibiotic resistance development.</p>","PeriodicalId":15969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition","volume":"43 1","pages":"153"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11439215/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142348108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut flora reflects potential risk factors for cognitive dysfunction in patients with epilepsy.","authors":"BingCong Hong","doi":"10.1186/s41043-024-00639-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-024-00639-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This cross-sectional study aims to analyze the differences in gut flora between patients with epilepsy with and without cognitive impairment and normal subjects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>One hundred patients with epilepsy who came to our hospital from 2020.12 to 2022.12 (epilepsy group) were selected, and another 100 family members of the patients were selected as the control group (control group). Patients with epilepsy were further classified by the MMSE scale into 62 patients with combined cognitive impairment (Yes group) and 38 patients without cognitive impairment (No group). Detection of gut flora in feces by 16 S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. Logistic regression was used to analyze risk factors for cognitive dysfunction in patients with epilepsy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were more significant differences in the structure and composition of the gut flora between patients in the epilepsy group and the control group, but no significant differences in diversity analysis (P > 0.05). Actinobacteriota, Faecalibacterium and Collinsella were significantly lower in the Yes group than in the No group (P < 0.05), and the Alpha diversity index was numerically slightly smaller than in the No group, with the PCoA analysis demonstrating a more dispersed situation in both groups. Five metabolic pathways, including glycolysis and heterolactic fermentation, were upregulated in the Yes group. LEfSe analysis showed that five groups of bacteria, including Coriobacteriaceae and Collinsella, were selected as marker species for the presence or absence of comorbid cognitive impairment. Of these, Collinsella, Oscillospirales, and Ruminococcaceae have a greater impact on epilepsy combined with cognitive impairment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There was an imbalance in the gut flora of patients with epilepsy compared to healthy controls. The gut flora of patients with epilepsy with cognitive dysfunction differs significantly from that of patients without cognitive dysfunction. Collinsella, Oscillospirales, and Ruminococcaceae have a greater impact on epilepsy with cognitive dysfunction and can be used as an indicator for the observation of epilepsy with cognitive dysfunction.</p>","PeriodicalId":15969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition","volume":"43 1","pages":"155"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11439293/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142348110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between caffeine intake and erectile dysfunction: a meta-analysis of cohort studies.","authors":"Mehdi Karimi, Omid Asbaghi, Kimia Kazemi, Fatemeh Maleki Sedgi, Ensiye Soleimani, Hanieh Keikhay Moghadam","doi":"10.1186/s41043-024-00645-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41043-024-00645-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common condition with various contributing factors, including lifestyle and dietary habits. Caffeine, a widely consumed stimulant, has been linked to multiple physiological effects on vascular function and hormonal balance that might influence sexual function. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the association between caffeine intake and the risk of ED by analyzing data from cohort studies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search was conducted across PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase databases, and a manual search was conducted on Google Scholar for studies on the relationship between caffeine intake and ED in adult men. The search included observational studies published up to April 1, 2024. Four cohort studies were included, and their data were extracted and analyzed by STATA version 18.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four included cohort studies comprised 51,665 cohort members. The study population included adult males, on average, aged 18 to 80. The results indicate that there was no significant relationship between coffee consumption and the risk of ED (relative risk [RR] = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.86-1.03; p = 0.999).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The current evidence suggests no significant relationship between caffeine intake and ED, but limited studies limit conclusions. Future research should focus on larger sample sizes, standardized outcome assessments, and different dosages and forms of caffeine consumption.</p>","PeriodicalId":15969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition","volume":"43 1","pages":"154"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11439322/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142348109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Open defecation among Kenyan households: an analysis of demographic and health survey 2022 and census report of 2019","authors":"John Njuguna","doi":"10.1186/s41043-024-00644-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-024-00644-x","url":null,"abstract":"Open defecation (OD) is the disposal of human excreta in the fields, bushes, water bodies and other open spaces. It poses a public health risk as it can lead to the spread of diarrhoea, cholera, soil-transmitted helminths and trachoma. Kenya aims to achieve 100% open defecation free status by 2030 in line with Sustainable development goal number 6. This study sought to determine factors influencing OD at the household level as well as quantify the number of households practicing OD in each of the 47 Kenyan counties. Data from the household questionnaire of the Kenya Demographic and Health Survey, 2022 was analysed. Bivariate logistic regression was done with open defecation status as the dependent variable. Independent variables were poverty status, place of residence, ownership of farm animals, gender and educational level of household head. The number of households practicing OD per county were determined using the Kenya Census report of 2019. Poverty was the strongest predictor of a household practicing OD (OR 43.8 95% CI 26.1–73.8) followed by educational status of the household head (OR 3.3 95% CI 2.3–4.6 ) and the household not owning livestock ( OR 0.7 95% CI 0.6–0.9). An estimated 7.4% of households practice OD. These are estimated to be 814,223 households. Out of these, 686,051 households (84.3%) are found in the 15 counties ranked as having a high population practicing OD. Five counties have managed to eliminate OD and another nine have OD rates of less than 0.5%. Kenya has made commendable progress in eliminating OD. Poverty is a significant predictor of OD at the household level. To eliminate OD, it is advised that more efforts be targeted towards poor households as well as the 15 counties having a high number of OD-practicing households.","PeriodicalId":15969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142260697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}