Journal of Immunology Research最新文献

{"title":"Local and Systemic Immunologic Profiles Differentiate Accepted and Rejected Islet Grafts in a Rat Anterior Chamber Model.","authors":"Jae-Young Lee, Choun-Ki Joo, Asif I Shawl, Hyun Soo Lee","doi":"10.1155/jimr/2847589","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jimr/2847589","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The anterior chamber of the eye (ACE) provides a minimally invasive, immune-privileged site for pancreatic islet engraftment. However, loss of immune privilege during revascularization can trigger inflammation and graft rejection. In this study, we compared ocular and systemic immunologic responses associated with accepted and rejected islet allografts in the ACE. Lewis rat recipients underwent ACE allogeneic islet transplantation without immunosuppressive agents. Ocular grafts and spleens were examined by histology and immunofluorescence for effector and regulatory T-cell (Treg) populations. Systemic and local cytokines were also quantified and compared between accepted and rejected groups. Graft function (glycemic control) was monitored for 30 days, and diabetic retinopathy development was evaluated histologically. We found glycemic control was lost by 3 weeks in allo-rejected rats, whereas allo-accepted rats maintained euglycemia throughout this period. Rats with accepted grafts demonstrated reduced local immune cell infiltration in ACE locally and increased splenic Foxp3⁺ Treg systemically. In contrast, rats with rejected grafts exhibited extensive T-cell infiltration in both the eye and spleen, decreased splenic Treg populations, elevated local and systemic inflammatory cytokines, and worsened glucose control and diabetic retinal development. Taken together, these results suggest that integrated profiling of local and systemic immunologic signatures effectively distinguishes accepted from rejected ACE islet allografts, and early postoperative monitoring of interleukin 6 (IL-6), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), and IL-10 within the first 3 weeks could facilitate timely, targeted immunosuppression therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":15952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunology Research","volume":"2026 1","pages":"e2847589"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13284489/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148295280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunophenotypic Profiling of Lymphocyte Subsets in Children and Adolescents With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia: Immune Dysregulation Before and After Remission.","authors":"Hanaa Nafady-Hego, Arwa Flemban, Saeed Kabrah, Hanan M Abd Elmoneim, Enas Aly, Mohamed Elgendy, Talat Albukhari, Hamed Elgendy, Hams Alaa, Ruba Almaghrabi, Samar N Ekram, Asmaa Nafady","doi":"10.1155/jimr/5591215","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jimr/5591215","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) in children is often associated with immune dysfunction, including alterations in regulatory T cells (Treg), impaired T-cell activation, and disrupted natural killer (NK) cell function. ALL comprises immunophenotypically heterogeneous entities, primarily B-cell ALL (B-ALL) and T-cell ALL (T-ALL). However, the dynamics of Treg subsets and their relationship with broader immune alterations across treatment stages remain insufficiently characterised.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this prospective case-control study, peripheral blood samples were analysed from 31 children with newly diagnosed ALL (pre-remission), 20 patients in remission and 24 healthy controls (HCs). Multiparameter flow cytometry was used to assess T-cell receptor (TCR) αβ⁺/γδ⁺ T cells, CD4⁺/CD8⁺ T-cell subsets, B cells, NK and NKT-cell populations, CD69 activation markers, and classical and memory Treg subsets.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At diagnosis, patients showed significant reductions in TCR αβ⁺ and γδ⁺ T cells, CD4⁺ T-helper cells and CD69 activation, alongside increased CD8⁺ T cells and NKT cells. Classical and memory Treg cells were significantly expanded in the pre-remission group. Following remission, TCR expression and CD3⁺ T-cell frequencies approached levels observed in HCs, and CD4⁺CD69⁺ activation improved. However, CD56^bright NK cells remained reduced, and B-cell depletion persisted in both ALL groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Paediatric ALL is characterised by marked immune dysregulation involving expanded Treg populations and impaired lymphocyte activation. Although partial immune recovery occurs after remission (AR), persistent abnormalities in NK-cell and B-cell compartments suggest incomplete immune reconstitution.</p>","PeriodicalId":15952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunology Research","volume":"2026 1","pages":"e5591215"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13328831/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148375857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estrogen Induced Regulation of Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells in Asthma.","authors":"Shubhanshi Trivedi, Samuel E Aamodt, Thomas P Huecksteadt, Elizabeth J Myers, Grace Helen McGee, Jackson G Cacioppo, Jeffrey Aubé, Robert Paine, Daniel T Leung, Kristi J Warren","doi":"10.1155/jimr/8201923","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jimr/8201923","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Asthma affects over 300 million people worldwide, with increasing rates annually. Males have higher asthma prevalence in adolescence, while females exhibit higher rates in adulthood. Reduced mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are found in severe asthmatic airway disease. We hypothesize MAIT cells modulate airway inflammation and are regulated by sex hormones through their cognate hormone receptors. We compared circulating MAIT cells and ex vivo MAIT cell activation with MR-1 ligand in controls and asthmatic individuals. MAIT cells were significantly lower in asthmatic males and females compared to healthy controls. MAIT cells derived from male and female asthma patients exhibited higher levels of estrogen receptors (ERs) than those from sex-matched healthy controls, and ex vivo treatment with estrogen significantly decreased IFN-γ production in asthmatics. Estrogen treatment did not reduce IFN-γ in MAIT cells from healthy individuals. To explore the effect of estrogen on MAIT cells, we used the murine Alternaria alternata challenge model. Adoptive transfer of G-protein coupled ER (GPER-1) antagonist (G36)-treated MAIT cells into Rag1 knockout mice (Rag1^-/-) increased A. alternata-induced inflammation compared to those receiving MAIT cells without GPER-1 blockade. These findings suggest GPER-1 as a novel target to reduce airway disease in the asthmatic population.</p>","PeriodicalId":15952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunology Research","volume":"2026 1","pages":"e8201923"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13140411/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147486258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Biomarker for Antimitochondrial Antibodies in Systemic Sclerosis Patients.","authors":"Elvira Favoino, Silvia De Santis, Vasiliki Liakouli, Giovanna Barbuti, Sabina Piccolo, Ada Corrado, Marta Vomero, Luca Navarini, Marcella Prete, Patrizia Leone, Vito Racanelli, Rosa Daniela Grembiale, Piero Ruscitti, Francesco Paolo Cantatore, Francesco Ciccia, Roberto Giacomelli, Federico Perosa","doi":"10.1155/jimr/2726162","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jimr/2726162","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>We previously identified, using a synthetic peptide, namely peptide 4.33 (p4.33), a subgroup of anti-CENP-A antibodies (Abs) recognizing an epitope shared between the CENP-A region spanning amino acids 1-17 (Ap1-17) and the E2 component of the mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC-E2), the major mitochondrial target autoantigen in primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). Here, we evaluated whether anti-p4.33 Ab positivity may be associates with a higher prevalence of antimitochondrial Ab (AMA) in systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Serum samples from 145 anti-CENP^pos SSc patients were tested for anti-CENP-A, -Ap1-17, and -p4.33 Abs by ELISA. Subsequently, 32 anti-Ap1-17^pos/p4.33^pos and 32 anti-Ap1-17^pos/p4.33^neg were randomly selected and tested for AMA by immunoblotting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 145 anti-CENP^pos patients, 128 (88.2%) were anti-CENP-A^pos patients, of which 103 (80.5%) were positive for anti-Ap1-17 Abs and 66 (51.6%) were positive for anti-p4.33 Abs. Of 32 selected anti-Ap1-17^pos/p4.33^pos patients, 15 (46.9%) were also positive for AMA targeting PDC-E2 and/or the branched chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase complex (BCOADC-E2). In the Ap1-17^pos/p4.33^neg group, AMA were detected in only two patients (6.25%). AMA positivity was statistically different between groups. Anti-p4.33 Ab levels were directly associated more than anti-Ap1-17 Ab levels with AMA levels. Sequence homology analyses demonstrated that anti-p4.33 Abs recognize an epitope (kPsaP) strongly overlapping with those of Ap1-17, PDC-E2, and BCOADC-E2, also expressed by viral and bacterial proteins.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Anti-p4.33 Abs may be a useful biomarker to define a subset of SSc patients with a higher prevalence of AMA. Our findings also support the hypothesis that pathogens can trigger autoimmunity.</p>","PeriodicalId":15952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunology Research","volume":"2026 1","pages":"e2726162"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13333934/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148390838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Serum TARC Levels at Term-Equivalent Age Between Preterm and Term Infants.","authors":"Ayako Goto, Kei Kubota, Takashi Sakaguchi, Takahiko Hirai, Yuko Horikawa, Yuma Onagawa, Yugo Nagayama, Hiroyasu Kawano, Toshikazu Niimi, Takashi Setoue, Makoto Tsutsumi, Koji Ide, Eiji Ohta, Shinichiro Nagamitsu","doi":"10.1155/jimr/3984014","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jimr/3984014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Preterm infants have a lower incidence of allergies; however, data on serum levels of thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC/CCL17) are limited. We aimed to compare serum TARC levels at term-equivalent age between preterm and term infants and examine their association with allergic outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective study of 1221 infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit between 2012 and 2018. Serum TARC levels were measured at 37-42 weeks' term-equivalent age. Infants were classified as preterm (extremely [<28 weeks], very [28-31], or moderate-to-late [32-36]), and term (≥37). Allergic outcomes at 6 years were assessed using International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC)-based caregiver questionnaires. Owing to the limited number of follow-up responses, all preterm infants were analyzed collectively and compared with term infants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Median TARC levels increased with gestational age: 549, 689, 944, and 1242 pg/mL (p < 0.001). Serum TARC levels were not associated with small-for-gestational-age (SGA) status, sex, systemic corticosteroid use, antibiotic use, or emollient/topical therapy; did not differ significantly between inflammatory and noninflammatory neonates; and showed a weak positive correlation with eosinophil counts. At 6 years, preterm infants had lower atopic dermatitis (AD; p < 0.001) and higher bronchial asthma (BA; p = 0.003) prevalence, with no significant association between neonatal serum TARC levels and later allergic outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Preterm infants had lower serum TARC levels at term-equivalent age, showing a gestational age-dependent immune maturation gradient. No association was observed with later allergic outcomes. Their BA may include nonatopic wheezing phenotypes, warranting cautious interpretation.</p>","PeriodicalId":15952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunology Research","volume":"2026 1","pages":"e3984014"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13239061/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148055004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distinct Longitudinal Trajectories of SLEDAI-2K Scores Predict Prognosis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Based on Group-Based Trajectory Modeling.","authors":"Renren Ouyang, Ali Xiong, Xiaochun Shu, Ting Wang, Wei Wei, Rujia Chen, Feng Wang, Hongyan Hou, Shiji Wu","doi":"10.1155/jimr/5322286","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jimr/5322286","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To apply group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM) to longitudinal real world data from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) to identify distinct disease activity trajectories and factors associated with 6 month clinical status.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 91 patients with SLE treated between 2017 and 2024 were included. SLE Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K) scores were assessed at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. GBTM was used to characterize longitudinal disease activity patterns. Heatmap clustering analysis was performed to compare clinical laboratory variables and SLEDAI-2K scores across trajectory groups and to further explore their association with 6 month clinical status.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two distinct disease activity trajectories were identified. Class 1, comprising patients with higher initial SLEDAI-2K scores, was predominantly composed of nonremission cases (90.91%). Class 2, characterized by lower initial SLEDAI-2K scores, showed a more balanced distribution of nonremission (46.81%) and remission (53.19%) patients. At 6 months, the remission subgroup had significantly lower SLEDAI-2K scores and lower urinary biomarker levels, including 24 h urinary microalbumin (24 h-UMA), 24 h urinary micrototal protein (24 h-UMTP), UMA, and UMTP, than the nonremission subgroup.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Longitudinal monitoring of SLEDAI-2K trajectories may help identify patients at risk for persistent high disease activity or nonremission at 6 months and those who may benefit from closer monitoring and treatment adjustment. These findings support a stratified management approach in SLE based on trajectory profiles.</p>","PeriodicalId":15952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunology Research","volume":"2026 1","pages":"e5322286"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13317468/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148352291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Downregulated Plasma-Derived Extracellular Vesicle MicroRNAs as Novel Biomarkers for Enhanced Tuberculosis Diagnosis.","authors":"Yuheng Liu, Lei Zhang, Yi Yang, Junwei Wu, Liyuan Wu, Yilin Yang, Haiyi Deng, Wenxiang Jin, Shuwen Wu, Xiaolei Guo, Wenqiang Dang, Jin Su, Junbin Wu, Feifei Liu, Xiaofeng Zou, Yingxin He, Jie Wei, Weihong Wen, Xiaoyan Deng, Yao Liao, Lifu Wang","doi":"10.1155/jimr/9206625","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jimr/9206625","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading global cause of infectious disease mortality, while current diagnostic methods face substantial limitations. Extracellular vesicle (EV)-encapsulated microRNAs (miRNAs) demonstrate significant potential as diagnostic biomarkers. This study aimed to evaluate their diagnostic utility for TB by identifying expression disparities between TB patients and healthy controls (HCs) and exploring EV miRNA diagnostic performance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>HCs were healthy individuals excluded from pulmonary infectious diseases, and TB patients were clinically and laboratory-confirmed cases without other concurrent pulmonary infections. Small RNA sequencing analysis was performed on plasma EVs from a discovery cohort (n = 40) to identify differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs. Findings were validated via quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) in an independent cohort (n = 24). Subsequently, an EV miRNA combinatorial diagnostic model was developed using random forest classifiers in a modeling cohort (n = 58), incorporating feature selection based on importance scores and correlation coefficients. Hyperparameter optimization and model stability verification were performed via grid search with five-fold cross-validation. Diagnostic performance was evaluated through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Bioinformatics analysis included target gene prediction using miRNA databases, followed by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sequencing revealed 67 significantly DE EV miRNAs, with 92.5% demonstrating marked downregulation in TB patients. This pattern was confirmed by qRT-PCR validation. Eleven validated miRNAs were used for model construction. Feature selection identified three optimal miRNAs (miR-19b-3p, miR-181b-5p, and miR-98-5p), generating seven combinatorial models. Individual miRNAs exhibited area under the curves (AUCs) > 0.85, while combinations achieved AUCs > 0.89. Notably, the combinatorial signature of miR-19b-3p and miR-181b-5p demonstrated outstanding diagnostic discrimination (AUC = 1.000; sensitivity and specificity both 100%), with a five-fold cross-validated score of 0.964 indicating robust model stability. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the target genes of these two miRNAs were enriched in immune response pathways, including the Notch signaling pathway and the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling pathway.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This EV miRNA signature demonstrates remarkable diagnostic accuracy for TB, offering a clinically actionable solution to diagnostic challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":15952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunology Research","volume":"2026 1","pages":"e9206625"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13520784/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148829527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attenuated Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) Vaccination Induces Protective Humoral and Cellular Immunity Against SARS-CoV-2 in Mammals.","authors":"Ney de Carvalho Almeida, Mauricio Fraga van Tilburg, Bruno Bezerra da Silva, João Xavier da Silva Neto, Luiz Francisco Wemmenson Gonçalves Moura, Natália do Vale Canabrava, Diane Isabelle Magno Cavalcante, Deysi Viviana Tenazoa Wong, Roberto César Pereira Lima, Daniel Pascoalino Pinheiro, Dayane Alves Costa, Danúbio Andrade Bezerra Farias, Pablo Abreu de Morais, Valder Nogueira Freire, Valdir Ferreira de Paula, Francisco Franciné Maia, Diego Veras Wilke, Gilvan Pessoa Furtado, Eridan Orlando Pereira Tramontina Florean, Maria Izabel Florindo Guedes","doi":"10.1155/jimr/9309800","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jimr/9309800","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Occupational exposure to infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) has been associated with cross-reactivity to other coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV-2. In this study, we investigated the immune response of IBV using reconstituted samples of the commercial H120 Mass-I vaccine (Zoetis) against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Bioinformatics analyses, serological assays, and neutralization tests were conducted to evaluate the neutralizing capacity of anti-IBV antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in serum samples from poultry farm workers exposed to the IBV-H120 vaccine. Mouse immunization assays and flow cytometry analysis were conducted to characterize the immune response triggered by IBV-H120. Finally, a histological analysis of the lungs of Syrian hamsters vaccinated with IBV and challenged with SARS-CoV-2 (Wuhan and Delta strains) was conducted to evaluate the protective potential of the vaccine. Neutralizing antibodies against IBV-H120 were detected in the serum of poultry farm workers, indicating cross-reactivity with SARS-CoV-2. The immune response in mice immunized with IBV-H120 demonstrated that only the intranasal and oral routes were effective against SARS-CoV-2. An increase in the percentage of CD19⁺ induced by IBV-H120 vaccination was demonstrated by flow cytometry. Intranasal administration of the IBV-H120 vaccine reduced lung damage in Syrian hamsters against the Wuhan and Delta variants of SARS-CoV-2. IBV-H120 elicited both humoral and cellular immune responses in mice and reduced lung damage in hamsters challenged with the Wuhan and Delta variants. This indicates that it could be an improved vaccine for controlling SARS-CoV-2.</p>","PeriodicalId":15952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunology Research","volume":"2026 1","pages":"e9309800"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13140183/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147574200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cyclodextrin Inhibits Caveolin-1 to Regulate CD4⁺ T Cell Subset Differentiation and Ameliorate Rheumatoid Arthritis Progression.","authors":"Yajie Gao, Peiyao Zhang, Yinping Huo, Yongfu Wang, Lingyan Zhu","doi":"10.1155/jimr/7245795","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jimr/7245795","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by dynamically recurring inflammatory episodes, and targeting T cells has been shown to effectively alleviate RA. Caveolin-1 (CAV-1) is widely distributed in the membrane structures of immune cells and participates in the differentiation and homeostasis of CD4⁺ T cell subsets through signal transduction; however, its role in RA has not yet been investigated. This study aimed to examine the expression pattern and clinical relevance of CAV-1 in RA, and to elucidate its regulatory role in CD4⁺ T cell-mediated immune imbalance during disease progression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective clinical study was conducted to detect serum CAV-1 levels in RA and healthy controls (HCs), characterize its expression in peripheral blood CD4⁺ T cells and synovial tissues, and evaluate its association with clinical parameters. A collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model was established and treated with the CAV-1 inhibitor hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD). Joint pathology, CD4⁺ T cell infiltration, differentiation, and the expression of related inflammatory cytokines were assessed using histopathological and immunological approaches.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CAV-1 expression in serum, CD4⁺ T cells, and synovial tissues was significantly higher in RA than in HC and was positively correlated with anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (Anti-CCP) and rheumatoid factor (RF) levels. HP-β-CD treatment markedly relieved joint inflammation and structural damage in CIA mice, reduced CD4⁺ T cell infiltration, and significantly suppressed the differentiation of T helper 1, T helper 17, and regulatory T (Treg) cells, accompanied by decreased expression of IFN-γ, IL-17A, and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CAV-1 is aberrantly upregulated in RA and contributes to disease pathogenesis by regulating CD4⁺ T cell differentiation. Targeting CAV-1 may represent a promising strategy for RA diagnosis and immunomodulatory therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":15952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunology Research","volume":"2026 1","pages":"e7245795"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13469748/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148722050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of Erythrocyte Lysis Protocols for Robust and Reproducible T Cell Analysis in Murine Peripheral Blood, Spleen, Lung, and Bone Marrow.","authors":"Wei-Qian Bao, Meng-Lin Jiang, Nan-Jie Zhou, Li-Rong Lian, Shu-Qin Li, Bi-Qing Huang, Tu-Liang Liang, Gang-Yuan Ma, Cui-Fen Zhang, Ying Chen, Xiao Shu, Liang Liu, Hu-Dan Pan, Run-Ze Li","doi":"10.1155/jimr/3335332","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jimr/3335332","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Flow cytometry analysis of T lymphocytes in murine peripheral blood, spleen, lung, and bone marrow is critical for immune studies. However, inconsistent erythrocyte lysis remains a major challenge-incomplete lysis obscures lymphocyte detection, while excessive lysis damages T cells. Moreover, the variable performance of commercial lysis buffers across tissues and protocols complicates reproducibility. To address these challenges, we first established a lysis buffer that provides a relatively balanced effect on erythrocyte lysis and lymphocyte protection by systematically comparing BD, BioLegend, and Biosharp buffers in murine peripheral blood. Given the high content of red blood cells (RBCs) in peripheral blood, we used it as a screening model to identify a buffer that effectively lysed RBCs while maintaining lymphocyte integrity. The BD lysing solution demonstrated superior performance, achieving effective erythrocyte removal with 41.40% CD3⁺ cell of the lymphocyte population at 1-min lysis (compared to BioLegend: 38.70% and Biosharp: 36.90% at their recommended durations). This buffer was then used as the unified buffer for subsequent multitissue optimization, ensuring a balanced effect across different tissue types. Building on this foundation, we developed a standardized framework, which resolves tissue-specific barriers. Spleen: Balanced erythrocyte clearance was achieved using 150 μL/million cells, yielding 67.23% ± 8.21% CD3⁺ lymphocytes. CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cell subsets constituted 58.50% ± 0.85% and 36.63% ± 0.85% of CD3⁺ cells, respectively (CD4/CD8 ratio: 1.60 ± 0.60). Lung: Adaptive processing volumes (30-150 μL/million cells) accommodated variable dissociation yields (1-5 × 10⁶ cells/sample). CD45⁺ cells represented 42.87% ± 6.05% of live cells, with CD3⁺ cells dominating the lymphocyte compartment (96.57% ± 1.35%). CD4⁺ (58.50% ± 1.44%) and CD8⁺ (39.23 ± 1.12%) T cell proportions mirrored splenic distribution. Bone marrow: Erythrocyte depletion at 33.3 μL/million cells preserved rare lymphocytes (6.53% ± 0.30% of total cells). CD3⁺ cells comprised 21.80% ± 3.26% of CD45⁺ lymphocytes, exhibiting distinct subset ratios (CD4⁺: 57.34% ± 4.60%; CD8⁺: 50.50% ± 2.78%). Collectively, these protocols enable robust, operator-independent T cell analysis across murine immune compartments, providing a universal standard for translational immunology studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":15952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunology Research","volume":"2026 1","pages":"e3335332"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13581057/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147633286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}