Journal of Immunology Research最新文献

{"title":"An Aloe-Based Composition Constituting Polysaccharides and Polyphenols Protected Mice against D-Galactose-Induced Immunosenescence","authors":"Mesfin Yimam, Teresa Horm, Alexandria O’Neal, Ping Jiao, Mei Hong, Qi Jia","doi":"10.1155/2024/9307906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/9307906","url":null,"abstract":"A decline in immune response, exhibited in the form of immunosenescence and inflammaging, is an age-associated disturbance of the immune system known to predispose the elderly to a greater susceptibility to infection and poor vaccine response. Polysaccharides and polyphenols from botanicals are known for their immune modulation effects. Here we evaluated a standardized mushroom-based composition, UP360, from <i>Aloe barbadensis</i>, <i>Poria co</i>cos, and <i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i>, as a natural nutritional supplement for a balanced immune response in an accelerated aging mouse model. Immunosenescence was induced by continual subcutaneous injection of <small>D</small>-galactose (<small>D</small>-gal) at a dose of 500 mg/kg/day to CD-1 mice. UP360 was administered at oral doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg to the mice starting on the 5^th week of <small>D</small>-gal injection. The study lasted for a total of 9 weeks. All mice were given a quadrivalent influenza vaccine at 3 <i>µ</i>g/animal via intramuscular injection 14 days before the end of the study. A group of <small>D</small>-gal-treated mice treated at 400 mg/kg/day UP360 was kept without vaccination. Whole blood, serum, spleen homogenate, and thymus tissues were used for analysis. UP360 was found to improve the immune response as evidenced by stimulation of innate and adaptive immune responses, increase antioxidant capacity as reflected by augmented SOD and Nrf2, and preserve vital immune organs, such as the thymus, from aging-associated damage. The findings depicted in this report show the effect of the composition in activating and maintaining homeostasis of the immune system both during active infections and as a preventive measure to help prime the immune system. These data warrant further clinical study to explore the potential application of the mushroom-based composition as an adjunct nutritional supplement for a balanced immune response.","PeriodicalId":15952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunology Research","volume":"104 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140128861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Disease Burden of Hereditary Angioedema: Insights from a Survey in French-Canadians from Quebec","authors":"Jean-Nicolas Boursiquot, Hugo Chapdelaine, Charles St-Pierre, Jacques Hébert","doi":"10.1155/2024/3028617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/3028617","url":null,"abstract":"<i>Background</i>. Limited data are available on the clinical profile and disease burden of hereditary angioedema (HAE) in Canadians. <i>Objective</i>. This study aimed to assess HAE disease characteristics and the burden of disease in Canadians with HAE types I, II, and normal levels of C1 inhibitor (nC1-INH). <i>Materials and Methods</i>. A 46-item patient survey evaluating clinical characteristics and burden of disease was developed and disseminated by the HAE patient organization <i>Angio-oédeme héréditaire du Québec</i> in Quebec, Canada, from May 2019 to February 2020. The survey received Research Review Board ethics approval. <i>Results</i>. In the 35 respondents, HAE type I was the most common (46%), followed by nC1-INH (43%). Female participants were significantly younger at first symptom presentation than males (<span><svg height=\"11.7782pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-3.42938pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"-0.0498162 -8.34882 18.973 11.7782\" width=\"18.973pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,11.342,0)\"></path></g></svg><span></span><span><svg height=\"11.7782pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-3.42938pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"22.555183800000002 -8.34882 21.921 11.7782\" width=\"21.921pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,22.605,0)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,28.845,0)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,31.809,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-49\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,38.049,0)\"></path></g></svg>).</span></span> Prior to diagnosis, 69% of participants underwent unnecessary treatments and procedures, with a 10-year delay between first symptoms and diagnosis. Before starting the current treatment, 42% of participants experienced weekly HAE attacks. Most participants identified experiencing attacks in the abdomen (89%), followed by the larynx (66%), feet (66%), hands (63%), and face (63%). Most attacks were severe or moderate, yet almost half of patients waited &gt;1 hr before getting medical attention at their last emergency department (ED) visit. HAE was associated with decreased health-related quality of life, leading to significant functional impairment in personal and professional life. As compared to HAE type I/II, patients with HAE nC1-INH were treated more often with tranexamic acid for long-term prophylaxis, and their condition was less controlled, resulting in more attacks and ED visits. <i>Conclusion</i>. HAE manifests in this patient population as frequent moderate-to-severe attacks and a high disease burden; the HAE subtype may differentially affect care requirements. There is an urgent need for increased awareness and education on HAE among treating physicians.","PeriodicalId":15952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunology Research","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140057723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and Genetic Spectrum of Nine Cases of NLRP3-Associated Autoinflammatory Disease (NLRP3-AID) and Identification of One Novel NLRP3 Mutation by Genetic Variation Analyses","authors":"Yaoyao Shangguan, Xingru Ding, Le Ma, Yi-Xin Cai, Shulei Xiang, Xiu-Feng Huang, Yunyan Shen, Hai-Guo Yu, Wenjie Zheng","doi":"10.1155/2024/5722548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/5722548","url":null,"abstract":"<i>Purpose</i>. NLRP3-associated autoinflammatory disease (NLRP3-AID) is characterized by gain-of-function variants in the NLRP3 gene. Since there are little literature focusing on pediatric NLRP3-AID in China, we aimed to elucidate the phenotypic and genotypic profiles of Chinese patients with NLRP3-AID. <i>Methods</i>. Patients with NLRP3-AID at three rheumatology centers in China were genotyped through whole exome sequencing or gene panel sequencing. Sanger sequencing was performed on all patients and their parents. Clinical phenotype, treatment, and prognosis were analyzed. <i>Results</i>. Nine patients with NLRP3-AID were enrolled between December 2014 and October 2022 with an average follow-up period exceeding 30 months. The median age of onset was 12 months, and 66.7% were younger than 3 years old. The diagnosis was significantly delayed and the median delay duration was 115 months. The patients most commonly presented with rash (100%), arthritis/arthralgia (88.9%), lymphadenopathy (88.9%), fever (77.8%), and growth retardation (44.4%). During acute attack, white blood cell, C-reactive protein, and/or erythrocyte sedimentation rate all increased in all cases, and inflammatory markers remained elevated beyond 7 days postfever resolution in 57.1% of patients (4/7). Two cases of chronic infantile neurological cutaneous articular syndrome (CINCA) had clubbed fingers, one with interstitial lung disease, a finding rarely reported. Treatment with glucocorticoids (77.8%) and biologic agents (33.3%) yielded 66% complete remission and 33% partial remission. Genetic analysis identified eight pathogenic NLRP3 missense mutations, including one novel mutation. <i>Conclusions</i>. Our study illuminated the distinct clinical and genetic features of Chinese NLRP3-AID patients, emphasizing the significance of early genetic screening. Despite delayed diagnosis, treatment primarily with glucocorticoids and biologic agents, led to favorable outcomes. Genetic heterogeneity, including a novel mutation, highlighted the complexity of NLRP3-AID in this population.","PeriodicalId":15952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunology Research","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140045277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Macrophage Activator GcMAF-RF Enhances the Antitumor Effect of Karanahan Technology through Induction of M2–M1 Macrophage Reprogramming","authors":"Vera S. Ruzanova, Svetlana S. Kirikovich, Evgeniy V. Levites, Anastasia S. Proskurina, Evgeniya V. Dolgova, Genrikh S. Ritter, Yaroslav R. Efremov, Tatyana D. Dubatolova, Alexander V. Sysoev, Danil I. Koleno, Alexandr A. Ostanin, Elena R. Chernykh, Sergey S. Bogachev","doi":"10.1155/2024/7484490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/7484490","url":null,"abstract":"Macrophages are the immune cells of high-immunological plasticity, which can exert both pro- and anti-inflammatory activity, as well as repolarize their phenotype to the opposite or neutral one. In this regard, M2 macrophages of the tumor-associated stroma (TAS) are a promising therapeutic target in treating malignant neoplasms. Using FACS assay, we have estimated the CD11b+/Ly-6G+/Ly-6C+ fraction of macrophages from the peritoneum and TAS in intact healthy mice and those with developed Lewis carcinoma, both untreated and treated according to Karanahan technology in combination with group-specific macrophage activator (GcMAF-RF). As well, the pattern of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines mRNA expression in different groups of experimental and tumor-bearing animals was assessed. It was found that: (i) exposure of intact mice to GcMAF-RF results in the increased number of CD11b+/Ly-6C+ peritoneal macrophages and, at the same time, the expression pattern of cytokines in peritoneal macrophages switches from that characteristic of the mixed M1/M2 phenotype to that characteristic of the neutral M0 one; (ii) combination of Karanahan technology and GcMAF-RF treatment results in M0/M1 repolarization of TAS macrophages; (iii) in tumor-bearing mice, the response of peritoneal macrophages to such a treatment is associated with the induction of anti-inflammatory reaction, which is opposite to that in TAS macrophages.","PeriodicalId":15952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunology Research","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140010068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Causal Relationship between Genetically Determined Inflammatory Cytokines and Parkinson’s Disease Risk: A Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study","authors":"Hua Xue, Qian Luo, Jiajia Chen, Wenhui Fan","doi":"10.1155/2024/9069870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/9069870","url":null,"abstract":"<i>Background</i>. Observational studies have suggested an association between inflammatory cytokines and Parkinson’s disease (PD). This Mendelian randomization (MR) was conducted to further assess the causal correlations between inflammatory cytokines and PD. <i>Methods</i>. Genetic instruments associated with inflammatory cytokines were extracted from a large summary genome-wide association studies (GWAS) involving 8,293 European participants. Summary-level statistics for PD were obtained from a large-sample GWAS containing 17 studies that involved European participants. Causalities of exposures and outcomes were explored mainly using inverse variance weighted (IVW) method. <i>Results</i>. The IVW method indicated that basic fibroblast growth factor (FGFBasic), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) may be suggestively associated with the risk of PD (OR: 0.71, 95%CI: 0.52–0.96, <i>P</i> = 0.027; OR: 1.18, 95%CI: 1.01–1.38, <i>P</i> = 0.041; and OR: 1.23, 95%CI: 1.04–1.46, <i>P</i> = 0.018). In the reverse direction, monokine induced by interferon gamma (MIG), beta nerve growth factor (bNGF), interleukin-17 (IL-17), and interferon gamma (IFNg) are suggested to be the consequences of PD. <i>Conclusion</i>. Our MR analysis indicated that suggestive associations between circulating levels of FGFBasic, IL-2, and MIF and PD risk. In addition, MIG, bNGF, IL-17, and IFNg are more likely to be involved in the development of downstream PD.","PeriodicalId":15952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunology Research","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140010065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elotuzumab Enhances CD16-Independent NK Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity against Myeloma Cells by Upregulating Several NK Cell-Enhancing Genes","authors":"Yan-Hua Wang, Shotaro Hagiwara, Hiroshi Kazama, Yuki Iizuka, Norina Tanaka, Junji Tanaka","doi":"10.1155/2024/1429879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/1429879","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple myeloma (MM) is an intractable hematological malignancy caused by abnormalities in plasma cells. Combination therapy using antibodies and natural killer (NK) effectors, which are innate immune cells with safe and potent antitumor activity, is a promising approach for cancer immunotherapy and can enhance antitumor effects. Elotuzumab (Elo) is an immune-stimulatory antibody that targets the signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family 7 (SLAMF7) expressed on the surface of MM and NK cells. We confirmed that Elo strongly promoted NK cell-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) against SLAMF7-positive MM cells in a CD16-dependent NK cell line, and also activated expanded NK cells derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy donors and patients with MM in the present study. However, the antitumor effects and genes involved in the direct promotion of NK cell-mediated activation using Elo in CD16-independent NK cells are not clearly known. In this study, we demonstrated that Elo pretreatment significantly enhanced CD16-independent NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity in both SLAMF7-positive MM.1S and SLAMF7-negative K562, U266, and RPMI 8226 tumor cells. Upon direct simulation of CD16-independent NK cells with Elo, increased levels of CD107a degranulation and IFN-<i>γ</i> secretion were observed along with the upregulation of granzyme B, TNF-<i>α</i>, and IL-1<i>α</i> gene expression. The enhanced NK cell function could also be attributed to the increased expression of the transcription factors T-BET and EOMES. Furthermore, the augmentation of the antitumor effects of CD16-independent NK cells upon pretreatment with Elo enhanced the expression of CRTAM, TNFRSF9, EAT-2, and FOXP3 genes and reduced the expression of HSPA6. Our results suggest that Elo directly promotes the cytotoxic function of CD16-independent NK cells against target cells, which is associated with the upregulation of the expression of several NK cell-enhancing genes.","PeriodicalId":15952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunology Research","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139977515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhibition of Oxidative Stress-Induced Ferroptosis Can Alleviate Rheumatoid Arthritis in Human","authors":"Yang Liu, Jiang Liang, Zongge Sha, Changfu Yang","doi":"10.1155/2024/9943747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/9943747","url":null,"abstract":"Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmunity illness, mainly featured with synovitis of the joint. The specificity of ferroptosis is disparate in different diseases, and the mechanism of ferroptosis in RA has some uncertainty yet. Therefore, the mechanism of ferroptosis was deeply observed in RA patients and animal models. In this paper, plasma of RA patients, the tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced human synovial fibroblasts, and an animal model of arthritis induced by collagen were applied to initially inquire about the therapeutic effect of ferroptosis. For the RA patients, ELISA detected protein expression of glutathione (GSH), GPX4, Nrf2, Keap-1, and ferritin. In cell experiments, erastin or fer-1 regulated the invasion of human synovial fibroblast cells, mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species (ROS) expression, marker protein, and so on. For the animal experiments, 32 Sprague–Dawley male rats were randomly separated into four groups with a collagen-induced RA model for 14 days and administered with erastin or fer-1 for 35 days. The expressions of GSH, GPX4, Nrf2, and Keap-1 were lower, and the ferritin was higher in RA patients, and the expressions of these proteins varied significantly after disease remission. In addition, ferroptosis inactivation also reduced the proliferation and migration ability, mitochondrial membrane potential, and ROS in cells. We discovered unexpectedly that activation of ferroptosis meaningfully forbore the foot swelling in animals with CIA, reduced arthritis scores, destruction of bone, and articular synovitis, and also decreased the high expression of inflammatory factors in plasma. There is a nonlinear relationship between human disease manifestations and animal model pathology. Ferroptosis regulating in RA for humans or animals may produce different effects.","PeriodicalId":15952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunology Research","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139968873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"KIF26B and CREB3L1 Derived from Immunoscore Could Inhibit the Progression of Ovarian Cancer","authors":"Shanshan Cong, Yao Fu, Xibo Zhao, Qiuyan Guo, Tian Liang, Di Wu, Jing Wang, Guangmei Zhang","doi":"10.1155/2024/4817924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/4817924","url":null,"abstract":"<i>Background</i>. Ovarian cancer (OV) is characteristic of high incidence rate and fatality rate in the malignant tumors of female reproductive system. Researches on pathogenesis and therapeutic targets for OV need to be continued. This study mainly analyzed the immune-related pathogenesis and discovered the key immunotherapy targets for OV. <i>Methods</i>. WGCNA was used for excavating hub gene modules and hub genes related to the immunity of OV. Enrichment analysis was aimed to analyze the related pathways of hub gene modules. Biological experiments were used for exploring the effect of hub genes on SKOV3 cells. <i>Results</i>. We identified two hub gene modules related to the immunoscore of OV and found that these genes in the modules were related to the extracellular matrix and viral infections. At the same time, we also discovered six hub genes related to the immunity of OV. Among them, KIF26B and CREB3L1 can affect the proliferation, migration, and invasion of SKOV3 cells by the Wnt/<i>β</i>-catenin pathway. <i>Conclusions</i>. The local infection or inflammation of ovarian may affect the immunity of OV. KIF26B and CREB3L1 are expected to be potential targets for the immunotherapy of OV.","PeriodicalId":15952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunology Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139765681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence and Potential Risk Factors of Toxocariasis among General Population in Southwest Iran: Implications on the One Health Approach","authors":"Masoud Foroutan, Aida Vafae Eslahi, Shahrzad Soltani, Naser Kamyari, Ehsan Moradi-Joo, Jean-Francois Magnaval, Milad Badri","doi":"10.1155/2024/4246781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/4246781","url":null,"abstract":"Toxocariasis is one of the most common zoonotic diseases distributed worldwide. This study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of anti-&lt;i&gt;Toxocara&lt;/i&gt; immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies and the associated risk factors among general populations living in urban and rural areas of Abadan and Khorramshahr cities in Khuzestan Province, Southwest Iran. This cross-sectional study was conducted between March and September 2022. There were 363 participants (190 females and 173 males) aged from &lt;20 to ≥60 years old. Anti-&lt;i&gt;Toxocara&lt;/i&gt; IgG antibodies in serum samples were measured using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A structured questionnaire was employed to collect information regarding sociodemographic status and probable risk factors associated with toxocariasis. It was found that the seroprevalence rate in males (15.0%, 95% CI = 10.47–21.11) was higher than in females (10.5%, 95% CI = 6.92–15.70). Moreover, we observed that the seroprevalence was higher in participants at younger ages compared to other age ranges (COR = 2.55, 95% CI = 0.92–7.12, &lt;span&gt;&lt;svg height=\"11.7782pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-3.42938pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"-0.0498162 -8.34882 21.148 11.7782\" width=\"21.148pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"&gt;&lt;g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)\"&gt;&lt;/path&gt;&lt;/g&gt;&lt;g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,13.517,0)\"&gt;&lt;/path&gt;&lt;/g&gt;&lt;/svg&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;svg height=\"11.7782pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-3.42938pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"24.730183800000002 -8.34882 28.185 11.7782\" width=\"28.185pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"&gt;&lt;g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,24.78,0)\"&gt;&lt;/path&gt;&lt;/g&gt;&lt;g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,31.02,0)\"&gt;&lt;/path&gt;&lt;/g&gt;&lt;g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,33.984,0)\"&gt;&lt;use xlink:href=\"#g113-49\"&gt;&lt;/use&gt;&lt;/g&gt;&lt;g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,40.224,0)\"&gt;&lt;/path&gt;&lt;/g&gt;&lt;g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,46.466,0)\"&gt;&lt;/path&gt;&lt;/g&gt;&lt;/svg&gt;).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; The findings of the univariate analysis revealed that residency in rural areas (&lt;span&gt;&lt;svg height=\"11.7782pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-3.42938pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"-0.0498162 -8.34882 21.148 11.7782\" width=\"21.148pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"&gt;&lt;g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)\"&gt;&lt;use xlink:href=\"#g113-113\"&gt;&lt;/use&gt;&lt;/g&gt;&lt;g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,13.517,0)\"&gt;&lt;/path&gt;&lt;/g&gt;&lt;/svg&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;svg height=\"11.7782pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-3.42938pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"24.730183800000002 -8.34882 28.185 11.7782\" width=\"28.185pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"&gt;&lt;g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,24.78,0)\"&gt;&lt;use xlink:href=\"#g113-49\"&gt;&lt;/use&gt;&lt;/g&gt;&lt;g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,31.02,0)\"&gt;&lt;use xlink:href=\"#g113-47\"&gt;&lt;/use&gt;&lt;/g&gt;&lt;g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,33.984,0)\"&gt;&lt;use xlink:href=\"#g113-49\"&gt;&lt;/use&gt;&lt;/g&gt;&lt;g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,40.224,0)\"&gt;","PeriodicalId":15952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunology Research","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139765767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disturbances in the IgG Antibody Profile in HIV-Exposed Uninfected Infants Associated with Maternal Factors","authors":"Rodrigo T. Camacho-Pacheco, Jessica Hernández-Pineda, Yesenia Brito-Pérez, Noemi Plazola-Camacho, Irma A. Coronado-Zarco, Gabriela Arreola-Ramírez, Mextli Y. Bermejo-Haro, M. Angel Najera-Hernández, Gabriela González-Pérez, Alma Herrera-Salazar, Andrea Olmos-Ortiz, Diana Soriano-Becerril, Claudia Sandoval-Montes, Ricardo Figueroa-Damian, Sandra Rodríguez-Martínez, Ismael Mancilla-Herrera","doi":"10.1155/2024/8815767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/8815767","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last 20 years, the incidence of vertical HIV transmission has decreased from 25%–42% to less than 1%. Although there are no signs of infection, the health of HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) infants is notoriously affected during the first months of life, with opportunistic infections being the most common disease. Some studies have reported effects on the vertical transfer of antibodies, but little is known about the subclass distribution of these antibodies. We proposed to evaluate the total IgG concentration and its subclasses in HIV+ mothers and HEU pairs and to determine which maternal factors condition their levels. In this study, plasma from 69 HEU newborns, their mothers, and 71 control pairs was quantified via immunoassays for each IgG isotype. Furthermore, we followed the antibody profile of HEUs throughout the first year of life. We showed that mothers present an antibody profile characterized by high concentrations of IgG1 and IgG3 but reduced IgG2, and HEU infants are born with an IgG subclass profile similar to that of their maternal pair. Interestingly, this passively transferred profile could remain influenced even during their own antibody production in HEU infants, depending on maternal conditions such as CD4+ T-cell counts and maternal antiretroviral treatment. Our findings indicate that HEU infants exhibit an altered IgG subclass profile influenced by maternal factors, potentially contributing to their increased susceptibility to infections.","PeriodicalId":15952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunology Research","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139765680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}