Journal of Immunology Research最新文献

{"title":"Impact of the COVID-19 Epidemic on Inhalant Allergen Sensitization in Children","authors":"Xueshan Huang, Min Yang, Ma Ye, Jun Qiu, Yanping Chen","doi":"10.1155/2024/5641948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/5641948","url":null,"abstract":"<i>Objective</i>. To explore the impact of non-pharmacological interventions on inhaled allergen sensitization in children during the COVID-19 pandemic. <i>Methods</i>. The positive rate of inhaled allergens, allergens sIgE grade, and multiple sensitization rates before and during the pandemic were analyzed retrospectively in this study. Logistic regression analysis was used to compare the positive rate of allergens before and during the pandemic, using odds ratio (OR) and OR 95% CI to investigate the impact of the pandemic on allergen sensitization. <i>Results</i>. Positive rates of d1 (49.5% vs. 38.5%), d2 (50.2% vs. 32.2%), e2 (10.1% vs. 6.1%), e1 (6.2% vs. 1.7%), mx2 (10.1% vs. 2.7%), sycamore (7.2% vs. 2.1%), w1 (4.0% vs. 1.7%), elm (3.1% vs. 0.6%), w6 (3.0% vs. 1.7%), and u80 (1.3% vs. 0.5%) increased significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic. After adjusting gender, age, season, and other potential influencing factors, the COVID-19 pandemic was found to be a risk factor for the positive rate of d1 (OR = 1.174, 95% CI = 1.015–1.358), d2 (OR = 1.301, 95% CI = 1.093–1.549), e2 (OR = 1.499, 95% CI = 1.280–1.756), mx2 (OR = 3.959, 95% CI = 3.358–4.446), w1 (OR = 1.828, 95% CI = 1.353–2.470, w6 (OR = 1.538, 95% CI = 1.123–2.106)), and u80 (OR = 2.521, 95% CI = 1.413–4.497) (<i><span><svg height=\"9.2729pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-0.6370001pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"-0.0498162 -8.6359 19.289 9.2729\" width=\"19.289pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,11.658,0)\"></path></g></svg><span></span><svg height=\"9.2729pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-0.6370001pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"22.8711838 -8.6359 21.918 9.2729\" width=\"21.918pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,22.921,0)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,29.161,0)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,32.125,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-49\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,38.365,0)\"></path></g></svg></span></i>). In addition, d1 and d2 allergen sIgE grades increased during the COVID-19 pandemic (d1: <i>χ</i><sup>2</sup> = 9.576, <span><svg height=\"9.2729pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-0.6370001pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"-0.0498162 -8.6359 19.289 9.2729\" width=\"19.289pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-81\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,11.658,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g117-91\"></use></g></svg><span></span><span><svg height=\"9.2729pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-0.6370001pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"22.8711838 -8.6359 21.918 9.2729\" width=\"21.918pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,22.921,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-49\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,","PeriodicalId":15952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunology Research","volume":"113 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139475467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple Factors Determine the Oncolytic or Carcinogenic Effects of TLRs Activation in Cancer","authors":"Yingxiang Yang, Chengyue Jin, Anthony Yeo, Bo Jin","doi":"10.1155/2024/1111551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/1111551","url":null,"abstract":"Toll-like receptors (TLRs) belong to a germline-encoded protein family. These are pattern recognition receptors. They sense pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). When this occurs, activation of the NF-<i>ĸ</i>B pathway follows. This triggers the innate immune response of the host. The consequent inflammatory cytokine response usually contributes to the elimination of the pathogen. Activation of TLRs also induces an adaptive immune response by a cross-prime mechanism. This mechanism is employed in cancer immunotherapy. Using TLR ligands as adjuvants induces upregulation of costimulatory signals which in turn activates a cytotoxic leukocyte response against cancer cells. However, TLRs are also overexpressed in human cancer cells resulting in increased cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis. An intracellular adaptor, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) probably mediates this process. MyD88 is intimately involved with all TLRs except TLR3. One consequence of the interaction between a TLR and MyD88 is activation of NF-<i>ĸ</i>B. In this context of a variety of proinflammtory cytokines being produced, chronic inflammation may result. Inflammation is an important protective mechanism. However, chronic inflammation is also involved in carcinogenesis. Activation of NF-<i>ĸ</i>B inhibits apoptosis and under certain circumstances, tumor cell survival. In this review, the potential therapeutic value of TLRs in immunotherapy and its role in oncogenesis are explored. The emerging use of artificial intelligence is mentioned.","PeriodicalId":15952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunology Research","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139464617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CD169 Expression in Lymph Nodes is Associated with Increased Infiltration of CD8+ T Cells in Tumors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Yong Wang, Xiao-Ting Wu, Jing Chen","doi":"10.1155/2024/8873767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/8873767","url":null,"abstract":"The density of CD169⁺ macrophages has been reported to positively correlate with the number of CD8⁺ T cells, although this remains controversial. To better understand this topic, we conducted a meta-analysis. We searched the PubMed, Medline, and Web of Science databases for studies that were published before May 2022 and performed a meta-analysis of the incidence of low and high CD169 expression in groups based on CD8 expression using the random-effects model. A total of 10 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The incidence of high CD169 expression in lymph nodes was significantly lower than that of low CD169 expression in the low CD8 expression group (odds ratio (OR): 0.76, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.6, 0.96); however, the incidence of high CD169 expression in lymph nodes was higher than that of low CD169 expression in the high CD8 expression group (OR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.08, 2.07). We also found that the expression of CD169 in tumors was lower than that in nontumor tissues (standardized mean difference: −5.29, 95% CI: −7.47, −3.11). The overall survival and hazard ratio of patients with high and low CD169 expression was 0.45 (95% CI: 0.37, 0.55). This analysis showed that high CD169 expression was associated with a high CD8 expression, and low CD169 expression was associated with low CD8 expression. The risk of death was 55% lower for patients with high CD169 expression, and high CD169 expression may be associated with favorable survival outcomes in cancer patients. However, the number and heterogeneity of the studies should be taken into consideration when evaluating the analysis. High-quality randomized controlled trials on the association between CD169 and CD8 expression are needed to verify these effects.","PeriodicalId":15952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunology Research","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139464649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Plasticity of Immune Cell Response Complicates Dissecting the Underlying Pathology of Multiple Sclerosis","authors":"Sujan Kumar Sarkar, Annie M. L. Willson, Margaret A. Jordan","doi":"10.1155/2024/5383099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/5383099","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of the myelin sheath of the neuronal axon in the central nervous system. Many risk factors, including environmental, epigenetic, genetic, and lifestyle factors, are responsible for the development of MS. It has long been thought that only adaptive immune cells, especially autoreactive T cells, are responsible for the pathophysiology; however, recent evidence has indicated that innate immune cells are also highly involved in disease initiation and progression. Here, we compile the available data regarding the role immune cells play in MS, drawn from both human and animal research. While T and B lymphocytes, chiefly enhance MS pathology, regulatory T cells (Tregs) may serve a more protective role, as can B cells, depending on context and location. Cells chiefly involved in innate immunity, including macrophages, microglia, astrocytes, dendritic cells, natural killer (NK) cells, eosinophils, and mast cells, play varied roles. In addition, there is evidence regarding the involvement of innate-like immune cells, such as <i>γδ</i> T cells, NKT cells, MAIT cells, and innate-like B cells as crucial contributors to MS pathophysiology. It is unclear which of these cell subsets are involved in the onset or progression of disease or in protective mechanisms due to their plastic nature, which can change their properties and functions depending on microenvironmental exposure and the response of neural networks in damage control. This highlights the need for a multipronged approach, combining stringently designed clinical data with carefully controlled in vitro and in vivo research findings, to identify the underlying mechanisms so that more effective therapeutics can be developed.","PeriodicalId":15952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunology Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139093541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disease Activity and Tendency to Relapse in ANCA-Associated Vasculitis Are Reflected in Neutrophil and Intermediate Monocyte Frequencies","authors":"Sofia Smargianaki, Evelina Elmér, Sandra Lilliebladh, Sophie Ohlsson, Åsa Pettersson, Thomas Hellmark, Åsa CM Johansson","doi":"10.1155/2024/6648265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/6648265","url":null,"abstract":"Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is a group of autoimmune diseases with inflammation affecting small blood vessels and includes granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) and microscopic polyangiitis (MPA). In this study, we investigated granulocyte and monocyte subsets in a large cohort of AAV patients with emphasis on disease activity and tendency to relapse. A cohort of 105 patients with GPA or MPA and 126 healthy controls (HCs) were included. Clinical and laboratory data were collected for all patients, including disease activity, tendency to relapse, and pharmacological treatment. Using flow cytometry, circulating eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils, and monocytes were assessed. The monocytes were subdivided into classical (CD14⁺⁺CD16⁻), intermediate (CD14⁺⁺CD16⁺), and nonclassical (CD14⁻CD16⁺) monocytes. Mature (CD16^high) or newly released (CD16^dim) neutrophils were defined, as well as the frequency of CD177⁺ neutrophils. AAV patients displayed increased frequencies of intermediate monocytes, mature and newly released neutrophils, and an expanded population of CD177⁺ neutrophils compared to HC. MPA patients differed from GPA patients in terms of lower frequency of classical monocytes. No differences in cell frequencies regarding ANCA phenotype were observed. Paired data from 23 patients demonstrated that active disease was associated with an increased frequency of mature neutrophils and a decreased frequency of monocytes, in particular intermediate monocytes. Moreover, GPA patients with a tendency to relapse displayed an increased frequency of mature neutrophils with increased expression of CD177⁺. Relapsing MPA patients, on the other hand, showed decreased frequency of intermediate monocytes. Finally, rituximab treatment was associated with increased frequencies of classical and intermediate monocytes. In conclusion, AAV patients exhibit a skewing of different neutrophil and monocyte subpopulations that are associated with disease subtypes, disease activity, rituximab treatment, and propensity to relapse. These changes may contribute to the inflammatory process and could potentially be used as biomarkers for relapse prediction.","PeriodicalId":15952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunology Research","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139083335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Pyroptosis-Based Prognostic Model Correlated with the Parainflammatory Immune Microenvironment of Pancreatic Cancer","authors":"Kong-kong Wei, Zhi-xing Du, Jun-ge Deng, Jin-wei Yang, Hao Chen","doi":"10.1155/2023/8776892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8776892","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;i&gt;Background&lt;/i&gt;. Pyroptosis has a dual function in malignant tumor progression and management. The action of pyroptosis-related genes (PRGs) in pancreatic cancer (PC), however, remains uncertain. &lt;i&gt;Methods&lt;/i&gt;. Differential expression analyses of 57 PRGs were conducted in the TCGA TARGET GTEx dataset. The candidate genes were determined using LASSO Cox regression and random forest analyses. A risk model was developed with the TCGA dataset and validated with the ICGC dataset. &lt;i&gt;Results&lt;/i&gt;. Three prognosis-related PRGs (BAK1, GSDMC, and IL18) were chosen to create a risk model. High-risk patients from the TCGA and ICGC cohorts had an unfavorable overall survival (all &lt;span&gt;&lt;svg height=\"11.7782pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-3.42938pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"-0.0498162 -8.34882 18.973 11.7782\" width=\"18.973pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"&gt;&lt;g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)\"&gt;&lt;/path&gt;&lt;/g&gt;&lt;g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,11.342,0)\"&gt;&lt;/path&gt;&lt;/g&gt;&lt;/svg&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;svg height=\"11.7782pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-3.42938pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"22.555183800000002 -8.34882 21.921 11.7782\" width=\"21.921pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"&gt;&lt;g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,22.605,0)\"&gt;&lt;/path&gt;&lt;/g&gt;&lt;g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,28.845,0)\"&gt;&lt;/path&gt;&lt;/g&gt;&lt;g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,31.809,0)\"&gt;&lt;use xlink:href=\"#g113-49\"&gt;&lt;/use&gt;&lt;/g&gt;&lt;g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,38.049,0)\"&gt;&lt;/path&gt;&lt;/g&gt;&lt;/svg&gt;).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; The risk modelʼs accuracy and independent predictability were assessed by receiver operating characteristic curves and multivariate Cox regression analysis, respectively. High-risk patients possessed different molecular pathways, higher KRAS and TP53 mutations, increased expression of PD-L1, C1 immune subtype, and immunosuppressive microenvironment characterized by parainflammation compared to low-risk patients. KRAS and TP53 mutations participated in different inflammatory pathways and played different prognostic roles between the two risk groups. KRAS mutations in high-risk patients caused a more unfavorable prognosis than wild-type KRAS (&lt;span&gt;&lt;svg height=\"11.7782pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-3.42938pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"-0.0498162 -8.34882 18.973 11.7782\" width=\"18.973pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"&gt;&lt;g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)\"&gt;&lt;use xlink:href=\"#g113-113\"&gt;&lt;/use&gt;&lt;/g&gt;&lt;g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,11.342,0)\"&gt;&lt;/path&gt;&lt;/g&gt;&lt;/svg&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;svg height=\"11.7782pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-3.42938pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"22.555183800000002 -8.34882 28.184 11.7782\" width=\"28.184pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"&gt;&lt;g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,22.605,0)\"&gt;&lt;use xlink:href=\"#g113-49\"&gt;&lt;/use&gt;&lt;/g&gt;&lt;g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,28.845,0)\"&gt;&lt;use xlink:href=\"#g113-47\"&gt;&lt;/use&gt;&lt;/g&gt;&lt;g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,3","PeriodicalId":15952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunology Research","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138825737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DJ-1: A Potential Biomarker Related to Prognosis, Chemoresistance, and Expression of Microenvironmental Chemokine in HR-Positive Breast Cancer","authors":"Yinghong Xie, Yuancheng Li, Mengzhu Yang","doi":"10.1155/2023/5041223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/5041223","url":null,"abstract":"<i>DJ-1</i> is significantly elevated in various malignancies. However, the clinical significance of <i>DJ-1</i> in hormone receptor (HR)-positive (HR+) breast cancer remains unclear. We evaluated <i>DJ-1</i> expression in different databases and validated <i>in vitro</i> assay by RT-PCR and western blot among HR+ breast cancer. The correlations between <i>DJ-1</i> level and tumor-immune were calculated. Mutational landscape, enriched signaling pathways, and drug sensitivity analyses were also assessed between <i>DJ-1</i> high and low-expression groups. <i>DJ-1</i> was upregulated in HR+ breast cancer, and high <i>DJ-1</i> expression was significantly linked with poor prognosis. <i>DJ-1</i> was correlated with the expression and function of different immune cells. The low <i>DJ-1</i> group showed sensitivity to paclitaxel and docetaxel, while the high-expression group showed sensitivity to doxorubicin. CTLA4 and PD-L1 were more sensitive in high-<i>DJ-1</i> group. It is involved in a range of pathways and might behave as a novel biomarker of prognostic value for the immune environment and drug sensitivity in HR+ breast cancer.","PeriodicalId":15952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunology Research","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138579994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Expression of Semaphorin3E in Vagal Ganglion and Lung Tissue Is Related to Airway Hyperresponsiveness in Murine Asthma Model","authors":"Liyan Chen, Xiaohui Yuan, Yaowei He, Zichuan Fan, Ya Guan, Qiuying Li, Yaying Chen, Lianglan Bao, Yidan Huang, Kefang Lai","doi":"10.1155/2023/6459234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6459234","url":null,"abstract":"<i>Objective</i>. Semaphorin3E (Sema3E) mediates reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, and plays an important role in ensuring the specificity of synapse formation and angiogenesis. However, the role of Sema3E in allergic asthma (AS) and eosinophilic bronchitis (EB) is still elusive. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between Sema3E in vagal ganglion and lung tissue, airway reactivity, and eosinophilic inflammation. <i>Methods</i>. The frequency of coughs and airway reactivity as well as the airway inflammation were observed in ovalbumin- (OVA-) induced AS and EB mouse models. The expression of Sema3E was examined in the vagal ganglion and lung tissues by immunofluorescence staining and western blotting analyses. In the Sema3E treatment protocol, exogenous Sema3E was administrated intranasally before challenge in AS model to study the effect of Sema3E on airway hyperresponsiveness, airway inflammation, mucus production, and collagen deposition. <i>Results</i>. The similar higher frequency of coughs and airway eosinophilic inflammation could be seen in AS and EB groups compared with nasal saline (NS) and dexamethasone (DXM) groups. The absence of the airway hyperresponsiveness was observed in EB and DXM group, while AS group showed increase in airway reactivity to methacholine. The expression of Sema3E in vagal ganglion and lung tissue was remarkably decreased in AS and DXM group compared with EB group. Sema3E-treated asthma mice displayed ameliorated airway hyperresponsiveness, mucus production, and collagen deposition. <i>Conclusion</i>. Sema3E in lungs and vagal ganglia is related to eosinophilic inflammation and has a protective effect on OVA-induced AHR in asthma.","PeriodicalId":15952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunology Research","volume":"105 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138566788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of an Anoikis-Related Gene Signature for Lung Squamous Cell Carcinomato Predict Prognosis, Immune Landscape, and Immunotherapy Response","authors":"Jian Liu, Hui Zheng, Li Wei","doi":"10.1155/2023/7633347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/7633347","url":null,"abstract":"<i>Background</i>. Anoikis, a form of programed cell death, plays a pivotal role in the invasion and metastasis of various tumors, including lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). This study aims to construct a prognostic model for LUSC, leveraging anoikis-related genes (ARGs). <i>Methods</i>. A total of 357 ARGs were extracted from the GeneCards database and Harmonizome portals. Subsequently, ARGs influencing LUSC patients’ prognosis were identified using univariate Cox regression analysis. Unsupervised clustering analysis was carried out utilizing the “consensusplus” R package, and LASSO regression was deployed to craft a risk regression model. The ‘IBOR’ R package quantified the immune cell infiltration abundance. Moreover, the “maftools” R package, paired with the GISTIC online tool, facilitated the assessment of gene copy number variations. Experimental validation was conducted through RT-PCR, evaluating the differential expression of eight pivotal genes, and cellular functional assays discerned the influences of the CHEK2 and SDCBP genes on LUSC cells’ migratory and invasive capabilities. <i>Results</i>. Fifteen survival-associated ARGs delineated three molecular subtypes within the TCGA-LUSC cohort. An eight ARG-based risk prognostic model was constructed, delineating significant survival disparities between high and low-risk groups. Notably, the low-risk group manifested a diminished propensity for immune therapy evasion and gene mutations. A comprehensive nomogram, incorporating risk scores and clinical attributes, was fashioned, exemplifying remarkable predictive acumen. Cellular functional assays substantiated that the modulation of CHEK2 and SDCBP expressions conspicuously influenced the migratory and invasive propensities of LUSC cells. <i>Conclusions</i>. This rigorous study unveils novel anoikis-related biomarkers integral to LUSC prognostication. The meticulously constructed risk prognostic model, underscored by these biomarkers, augurs a potent predictive tool for enhancing the LUSC patient prognosis and therapeutic strategies.","PeriodicalId":15952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunology Research","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138560320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suppression of NK Cell Activation by JAK3 Inhibition: Implication in the Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases","authors":"Wai Chung Wu, Carol Shiu, Tak Keung Tong, Shui On Leung, Chin Wai Hui","doi":"10.1155/2023/8924603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8924603","url":null,"abstract":"Natural killer (NK) cell is an essential cytotoxic lymphocyte in our innate immunity. Activation of NK cells is of paramount importance in defending against pathogens, suppressing autoantibody production and regulating other immune cells. Common gamma chain (<i>γ</i>c) cytokines, including IL-2, IL-15, and IL-21, are defined as essential regulators for NK cell homeostasis and development. However, it is inconclusive whether <i>γ</i>c cytokine-driven NK cell activation plays a protective or pathogenic role in the development of autoimmunity. In this study, we investigate and correlate the differential effects of <i>γ</i>c cytokines in NK cell expansion and activation. IL-2 and IL-15 are mainly responsible for NK cell activation, while IL-21 preferentially stimulates NK cell proliferation. Blockade of Janus tyrosine kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway by either JAK inhibitors or antibodies targeting <i>γ</i>c receptor subunits reverses the <i>γ</i>c cytokine-induced NK cell activation, leading to suppression of its autoimmunity-like phenotype <i>in vitro</i>. These results underline the mechanisms of how <i>γ</i>c cytokines trigger autoimmune phenotype in NK cells as a potential target to autoimmune diseases.","PeriodicalId":15952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunology Research","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138553108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}