Journal of energy storage最新文献

{"title":"Electrochemical performance and mass transfer properties of dual electrode assemblies for aqueous vanadium redox flow batteries","authors":"Baichen Liu ,&nbsp;Salvatore De Angelis ,&nbsp;Vedrana Andersen Dahl ,&nbsp;Søren Bredmose Simonsen ,&nbsp;Johan Hjelm","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2026.121282","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2026.121282","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recognizing the urgent need of further cost reduction to drive wider adoption of redox flow batteries, it is critical to improve the reactor performance, which has been regarded as a key approach to reduce the high capital cost. Porous electrodes with properly designed structure and optimized physiochemical properties offer pathways for reduced voltage losses, including kinetic and concentration overpotentials. Recently, carbon cloth electrodes have been explored in flow battery applications owing to their bimodal pore size distributions. Although the unique woven structure of cloth provides flexibilities in electrode designs, it is still a barrier to strike a trade-off between the electrolyte penetration pathways and abundant active surface area. This study investigates a dual-layer electrode design combining carbon cloth and carbon paper to achieve high performance in a flow-through vanadium redox flow battery. The carbon cloth, placed adjacent to the flow plate, acts as an electrolyte distributor, while the carbon paper sub-layer near the membrane provides dense reactive sites. Electrochemical testing in a symmetric cell setup using both V²⁺/V³⁺ and VO²⁺/VO₂⁺ redox couples was conducted to isolate polarization losses. Additionally, 3D-reconstructed electrode structures were analyzed using the Lattice Boltzmann Method to reveal electrolyte flow distribution and velocity profiles. The dual-layer strategy demonstrated improved electrochemical performance, lower mass transfer resistance, reduced pressure drop, and enhanced membrane durability. It can be regarded as a promising approach for high system efficiency while maintaining cycling stability in a flow-through configuration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"155 ","pages":"Article 121282"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147388396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards efficient ramp-up: A material-guided parameterization and process control setup for electrode calendering","authors":"Andreas Mayr ,&nbsp;Sebastian Thiem ,&nbsp;Maximilian Lechner ,&nbsp;Sophie Grabmann ,&nbsp;Rüdiger Daub","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2026.121286","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2026.121286","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The demand for lithium-ion batteries continues to rise as industries pursue electrification and emission-free production. However, battery manufacturing remains a complex and resource-intensive process involving an iterative optimization of both processes and products. Due to material costs accounting for a large proportion of the total cost of battery cell production, scrap generated during process ramp-up represents a key economic challenge. Calendering, a crucial step during electrode manufacturing, significantly impacts the mechanical and electrochemical characteristics of lithium-ion battery cells. The configuration of the calendering process remains predominantly guided by empirical tuning and trial-and-error approaches, resulting in inefficiencies during ramp-up. This highlights the need for efficient parameterization and process control strategies in electrode production, enabling faster process stabilization and minimizing scrap during the initial production phases. To address these challenges, this study proposes a material-guided process control approach for calendering. Using an in-line thickness measurement and a stepwise compaction strategy, a control model and an automated, material-dependent parameterization routine are derived. To precisely control the thickness of the electrode, the presented approach utilizes a predictive feedforward control to adjust the roll gap, complemented by a closed-loop correction during calendering. The proposed approach is demonstrated on graphite anodes at various web speeds and transferred to cathode calendering. The findings show that the developed methodology allows for a streamlined ramp-up process for novel electrode formulations, thereby reducing process setup time, and material scrap. This contributes to the enhancement of cost efficiency, overall productivity, and sustainability in battery manufacturing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"155 ","pages":"Article 121286"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147388428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In situ constructed amino-functionalized nickel metal-organic framework derived CoMoO4/NiS heterostructures for high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors","authors":"Zhengwei Li ,&nbsp;Songwen Fang ,&nbsp;Yanfei Zeng ,&nbsp;Qifan Liu ,&nbsp;Tonghan Yang ,&nbsp;Dongliang Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2026.121435","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2026.121435","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Amino-functionalized nickel metal-organic framework-derived CoMoO₄/NiS heterostructures (NH₂-Ni-BDC/CoMoO₄/NiS) were synthesized via a two-step hydrothermal route using amino-functionalized Ni-MOFs (NH₂-Ni-BDC) as the precursor. The introduction of amino groups effectively regulates the nanosheet morphology, promotes ion diffusion, and facilitates the in situ formation of CoMoO₄ nanorods and NiS nanoparticles. Benefiting from the synergistic integration of the heterostructure and the amino-functionalized MOF-derived architecture, the composite electrode delivers a high specific capacitance of 1090 F g⁻¹ at 1 A g⁻¹ and exhibits 73% capacitance retention after 4000 cycles, remaining at approximately 65% after 10,000 cycles with stable Coulombic efficiency. When assembled into an asymmetric supercapacitor, the device delivers an energy density of 53.4 Wh kg⁻¹ at 749.5 W kg⁻¹ and maintains 30.7 Wh kg⁻¹ at 8008.7 W kg⁻¹. These results demonstrate the potential of amino-functionalized MOF-derived composites as promising electrode materials for advanced energy storage devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"155 ","pages":"Article 121435"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147388011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ignition of lithium-ion battery vent gases: Combined experimental and numerical investigation","authors":"N.A.C.J.D. Senarathna,&nbsp;M.-A. Bérubé,&nbsp;P. Versailles,&nbsp;E. Robert,&nbsp;B. Savard","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2026.121310","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2026.121310","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The demand for Lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) is increasing amid the global transition towards sustainable energy solutions. However, these cells present an inherent risk of thermal runaway (TR), which releases flammable gases and incandescent particles. Upon venting, these gases may ignite when exposed to air, generating a significant amount of heat, thus increasing the likelihood of TR propagation across battery modules containing hundreds or thousands of cells. Despite significant progress in TR characterization, the exact ignition mechanism of the vented gases remains unclear; both particle-assisted ignition and auto-ignition (AI) are hypothesized, yet lack direct evidence in the literature. In this study, the role of incandescent particles in enhancing ignition is confirmed through high-speed imaging of TR venting events. Additionally, the images capture ignition kernels forming in the absence of particles, providing strong evidence that AI also occurs. A comparison between the order of magnitude of numerically estimated AI delay times and experimentally observed values demonstrates that AI requires temperatures higher than the commonly reported cell wall temperature (<span><math><mo>∼</mo></math></span>950 K). Measurements using two-color pyrometry (2-CP) reveal that the cell cap reaches temperatures of <span><math><mo>∼</mo></math></span>1200 K—well within the range necessary for AI in the gas phase—confirming AI and indicating that cell wall temperatures underpredict actual gas temperatures. The insights gained in this study are particularly valuable for vent gas combustion modeling, as they clarify ignition mechanisms and provide improved boundary conditions for CFD models, aiding in the design of safer battery modules.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"155 ","pages":"Article 121310"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147388137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interfacial charge transfer modulation in metal sulfides/CFₓ heterostructures for ultrahigh-rate Lithium primary batteries","authors":"Chang Wang ,&nbsp;Guowen Chen ,&nbsp;Xiaotao Chen ,&nbsp;Weihua Wan ,&nbsp;Zaifang Yuan ,&nbsp;Xinlu Li ,&nbsp;Shusen Kang ,&nbsp;Bin Shi ,&nbsp;Kangkang Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2026.121366","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2026.121366","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Primary batteries composed of lithium and carbon fluoride (CF_<em>x</em>) are acknowledged for their remarkable attributes, such as superior energy density, enhanced safety features, and a notable shelf life. However, existing research predominantly emphasizes the mass energy density of carbon fluoride (CF_<em>x</em>), with limited attention devoted to the applicable power energy requirements. A new class of hybrid composites has been developed to address this issue, combining cobalt sulfides with carbon fluoride (CoS₂/CF_<em>x</em>). These composites are synthesized using a vacuum planetary ball milling (VPBM) technique, which is instrumental in enhancing the power densities of Li/CF_<em>x</em> batteries. Remarkably, the CoS₂/CF_<em>x</em> hybrid composites achieve a power density of 19.53 kW kg⁻¹ and an impressive energy density of 1250.91 Wh kg⁻¹ when subjected to a current density of 9000 mA g⁻¹. The CoS₂/CF_<em>x</em> hybrid composites as cathodes show two discharge plateaus due to bidirectional regulation and synergistic interactions from lattice modulation and charge reorganization at hybrid interfaces during the VPBM process, indicating advanced chemistry beyond a simple combination of individual components. Consequently, CoS₂/CF_<em>x</em> (CC-2) cathode delivers 6463.79 Wh L⁻¹ volumetric energy and 792.38 Wh kg⁻¹ mass energy density in a 2.5 Ah pouch-type battery. Interfacial optimization among metal sulfides offers a promising strategy to enhance Li/CF_<em>x</em> primary battery performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"155 ","pages":"Article 121366"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147388138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ga3+ modulated V10O24·nH2O cathode with tailored electron structure for durable zinc-ion batteries","authors":"Lijie Song ,&nbsp;Zhengguang Zou ,&nbsp;Shenglin Zhong ,&nbsp;Dongsheng Li ,&nbsp;Shengkun Jia ,&nbsp;Fangan Liang ,&nbsp;Yunjie Wang ,&nbsp;Rong Zheng ,&nbsp;Weilin Cao ,&nbsp;Luyao Sun ,&nbsp;Shengping Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2026.121428","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2026.121428","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The advancement of aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) has long been hindered by critical limitations in cathode materials, especially their insufficient electronic conductivity and structural instability. The pursuit of cathode materials that simultaneously exhibit high electrical conductivity with robust structural stability remains a paramount challenge. In this work, Ga³⁺-modified V₁₀O₂₄·nH₂O (GVO-0.5) was synthesized as a cathode material for aqueous zinc-ion batteries. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations and experimental characterization demonstrate that the incorporated Ga³⁺ forms a stable bonding network with oxygen, thereby optimizing the layered structure and effectively mitigating structural collapse during cycling. Additionally, Ga³⁺ modulates the electronic structure, which not only significantly enhances the electrical conductivity but also reduces the Zn²⁺ diffusion barrier. GVO-0.5 delivers extraordinary zinc-storage performance and ultra-high cycling stability, achieving a high capacity of 208.92 mAh g⁻¹ at 10 A g⁻¹ and maintaining 97.13% capacity retention after 8000 cycles. In particular, the H⁺/Zn²⁺ co-intercalation mechanism behind the excellent performance was studied in depth using ex-situ testing and kinetic analysis. This work elucidates the fundamental role of Ga³⁺ in enhancing cathode performance via DFT simulations, offering a strategic approach for designing high-rate and ultra-stable ZIB cathodes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"155 ","pages":"Article 121428"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147388397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"State-of-charge equalization control for photovoltaic energy storage units in source-grid-load-storage systems with converter reactive-power regulation","authors":"Lei Chen ,&nbsp;Qi Han","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2026.121339","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2026.121339","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Because photovoltaic energy storage units need to respond quickly to grid demands, the state-of-charge equalization control strategy must possess high real-time performance. Accordingly, this paper proposes an equalization control strategy for the state of charge of photovoltaic energy storage cells in a source-grid system that considers the reactive power regulation of converters. The core innovation is the organic integration of voltage stability, power distribution, and battery state management through a multilevel cooperative control mechanism. In the state-of-charge-factor-based charge-discharge control layer for energy storage batteries, the remaining available capacity of each battery is monitored in real time, and a droop control strategy is implemented. The droop coefficient is adjusted according to the battery's state-of-charge value to modify its power output priority. To overcome the issue that traditional droop control is affected by line impedance, a control loop emulating motor characteristics is introduced to enhance the anti-interference ability of the bus voltage. At the system level, by setting reactive power thresholds, the converter can rapidly adjust the voltage at the point of common coupling, thereby providing a stable voltage environment for the power regulation of the energy storage unit. To achieve coordination among multiple units, the proposed control strategy dynamically optimizes the power distribution of each unit by modifying the droop coefficient according to its own state of charge. Finally, a distributed cooperative control law is designed so that the state of charge and the output power of each energy storage unit converge to balanced values simultaneously under closed-loop control. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method effectively maintains system stability and improves equalization efficiency. The bus voltage sag is only 0.5 V, with a recovery time of about 0.1 s; the line loss is 10.106 MWh, and the system frequency deviation is significantly reduced.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"155 ","pages":"Article 121339"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147388433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Storing daily temperature fluctuations in deserts for affordable cooling services","authors":"Julian David Hunt ,&nbsp;Cristiano Vitorino da Silva ,&nbsp;Abdulrahman M. Alajlan ,&nbsp;Sami G. Al-Ghamdi ,&nbsp;Hussam Qasem ,&nbsp;Yoshihide Wada","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2026.121472","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2026.121472","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dry locations with high solar irradiation experience double-digit daily temperature fluctuations. These temperature changes are used as passive solutions for cooling buildings. However, this resource is substantially underutilized for other cooling services. Daily temperature fluctuations can be harnessed to provide sustainable and affordable cooling services, particularly in regions with low access to electricity. This paper introduces a novel method, daily temperature fluctuation cooling (DTFC), that extends the concept of passive thermal storage beyond buildings to deliver low-cost cooling services. Predictable cold air at night cools a rock pile, and then the cooled rocks are used to chill air during the day. The paper explores the system's design, including rock size, rock pile height and fan energy consumption. Results show that DTFC provides 10 °C of cooling in locations where the difference between the maximum and minimum temperatures is 13.5 °C, at a cooling cost of 8.84 USD MWth⁻¹ and a coefficient of performance of 80. DTFC has demonstrated potential as a renewable, circular economy, low-cost cooling solution for desert areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"155 ","pages":"Article 121472"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147388435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive optimization of a battery and flywheel storage system for cost-effective reduction of peak electricity demand","authors":"Sarah Schwarz ,&nbsp;Alexander Kretschmer ,&nbsp;Stephan Rinderknecht","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2026.121476","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2026.121476","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>From both economic and sustainability perspectives, the effective operation of modern storage systems is increasingly important. The ETA Factory at TU Darmstadt operates a hybrid energy storage system comprising a lithium-ion battery and a flywheel for research. In this work, a model predictive control (MPC) approach is developed for peak shaving that minimizes electricity costs while accounting for storage losses and degradation. To reduce computational complexity, the MPC optimization is implemented in both single-stage and two-stage mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) formulations. Forecasting is achieved via a transparent monthly median-profile method and a lightweight machine learning (ML)-based forecast. Using 30-s power measurements from April–September 2021, the ML-based forecast achieves the highest accuracy among deployable forecasts and delivers robust closed-loop economic performance, while the median forecast remains a low-overhead, interpretable fallback. Across all cases, the two-stage MILP further reduces computation time and improves the cost outcome. In this study, total electricity costs are reduced by up to 47.07% with a perfect forecast, 22.67% with the ML-based forecast, and 14.15% with the median forecast.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"155 ","pages":"Article 121476"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147388439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the explosion behavior of liquid hydrogen storage tank in fire scenarios","authors":"Yi Sun ,&nbsp;Yanchao Li ,&nbsp;Zhangqiang Dong ,&nbsp;Guojie Zheng ,&nbsp;Jiafeng Cheng ,&nbsp;Zongling Zhang ,&nbsp;Qinglun Bai ,&nbsp;Wei Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2026.121420","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2026.121420","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ensuring the safe large-scale storage of hydrogen is a crucial requirement throughout the hydrogen energy supply chain. This study aims to investigate the catastrophic failure and explosion behavior of 100 L and 250 L liquid hydrogen storage tanks with high filling ratios (58% - 92%) in fire scenarios, focusing on experimental data acquisition and overpressure analysis. The research addresses the scarcity of experimental data in the field of liquid hydrogen storage and compensates for the lack of experimental validation for traditional theoretical prediction models. The mechanisms and characteristics of liquid hydrogen storage tank failure and subsequent explosion were revealed, with detailed analyses conducted on the maximum fireball size, hydrogen phase transition between liquid and gas, fragment dispersion, and overpressure distribution patterns. An isothermal-based overpressure prediction formula is proposed, which requires only the initial burst pressure and hydrogen filling mass, achieving a mean absolute prediction error of 10.57%. As the liquid hydrogen storage tank fails, the hydrogen in a critical state undergoes flash evaporation, generating a large volume of gas that ignites and explodes during rapid expansion. The resulting overpressure is therefore attributed to the combined contribution of the mechanical energy from gas expansion and the chemical energy released during combustion. The model accurately estimates both near-field and far-field overpressure distributions, providing critical insight for safety assessment and hazard mitigation. These findings provide experimental data and theoretical models for evaluating the safety of liquid hydrogen storage vessels and systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"155 ","pages":"Article 121420"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147388136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}