Shixing Bai , Peichao Li , Xiaoqiang Zhang , Hengyun Zhang , Dongxu Zuo , Han Zhao
{"title":"Experimental and numerical study of expansion of pouch lithium-ion cell considering electrochemical-thermal-mechanical coupling","authors":"Shixing Bai , Peichao Li , Xiaoqiang Zhang , Hengyun Zhang , Dongxu Zuo , Han Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2025.116462","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2025.116462","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During the charging and discharging process, the volume expansion change of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) can cause a series of mechanical damage affecting the state-of-health (SOH) and performance. Therefore, the reasonable monitoring and analyzing the mechanical signal changes of LIBs are key to advancing battery condition monitoring technology. In this study, the changes in the expansion displacement of the battery under different constant current charging and discharging rates are experimentally studied and an electrochemical-thermal-mechanical (ETM) coupling model for battery volume expansion is established. The coupling model innovatively considers the effect of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation and porosity on battery expansion, which can more accurately simulate the battery expansion process at different C-rates. The results show that the cell volume expansion is caused by intercalation reaction, thermal expansion and SEI growth. In addition, the relationship between SEI and expansion displacement is investigated by using <span><math><mi>dU</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>dQ</mi></math></span> and <span><math><mi>dV</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>dQ</mi></math></span> curves. The expansion displacement caused by SEI formation is calculated by the established model. Finally, the non-uniform distribution of SEI films in space is analyzed. This study is of benefit to understand the factors that lead to battery volume expansion. It also has potential applications in enhancing mechanical signal prediction for LIBs management systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 116462"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143747757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xueshan Lin , Yaxian Zheng , Zhongming Xiang , Beibei Wang
{"title":"Optimal market-based battery energy storage system capacity sizing: Considering strategic behavior of collusions in the electricity day-ahead market","authors":"Xueshan Lin , Yaxian Zheng , Zhongming Xiang , Beibei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2025.116309","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2025.116309","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) play a crucial role in mitigating the volatility and intermittency of Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) and are widely deployed across the globe. To support the growth of BESS, governments have introduced various policies, including subsidies aimed at aligning BESS costs with benchmark RES costs. However, these measures can lead to strategic collusion between BESS and RES operators when BESS capacity is insufficient, resulting in the waste of social resources when surplus capacity exists. To address this, this paper presents an Optimal BESS Capacity Sizing (OBCS) framework based on day-ahead (DA) market clearing, designed to promote market operations that closely resemble a completely competitive without the need for policies that directly target strategic behavior control. We propose a collusive bidding analysis method to assess the strategic behavior within collusions. Building on this, we introduce an OBCS framework that leverages collusive bidding insights and existing BESS subsidies to regulate strategic behavior. Finally, the proposed OBCS method is applied to both test and real electricity markets, demonstrating that the operation cost of the DA market can be reduced by 24.29 % in abundant scenario and 13.62 % in scarce scenario compared to the initial state.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 116309"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143748245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Juan Xu, Nengneng Han, Sihao Chen, Yahui Zhang, Yuezhou Jing, Zhiliang Chen, Silei Wang, Renhao Chen, Pibin Bing, Zhongyang Li
{"title":"The optimal integrating state of VOx with the synergistic effect of Cu2+ cation and polyaniline for high performance flexible fiber zinc-ion battery","authors":"Juan Xu, Nengneng Han, Sihao Chen, Yahui Zhang, Yuezhou Jing, Zhiliang Chen, Silei Wang, Renhao Chen, Pibin Bing, Zhongyang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2025.116415","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2025.116415","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Benefiting from the open crystal structure and high theoretical specific capacity, layered vanadium oxides have become the most promising cathode material for fiber zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs). However, irreversible structural collapse and slow ion diffusion during Zn<sup>2+</sup> insertion/extraction lead to poor rate performance and shortened cycling lifespan, limiting their potential application in the further development of flexible energy storage devices. In this paper, a “two-in-one” strategy was provided by inserting copper ions (Cu<sup>2+</sup>) between the vanadium pentoxide layers integrating with coating polyaniline (PANI) on the surface to make the layered V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> derivatized into lamellar microspheres (CuVO@PANI), which achieved high specific surface area and porous channels. And, the crystal lattice spacing of V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> expands from 4.4 Å to 16.1 Å owing to the intercalation of Cu<sup>2+</sup>. Moreover, the PANI coating enhanced the “structural deformation restraint” effect on CuVO@PANI along with improved electrical conductivity. Conversely, the Cu<sup>2+</sup> and polyaniline co-embedded V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> (CuVO-PANI) structure has the crystal face spacing of merely 11.3 Å owing to the existence of destructive Cu<img>N bond. Thanks to the optimal synergistic effect of Cu<sup>2+</sup> and polyaniline, the structural integrity and redox reversibility of CuVO@PANI are significantly enhanced. The CuVO@PANI electrode achieved high specific capacity of 672.2 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> at 0.1 A g<sup>−1</sup> and maintains 269.2 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> even after 2000 cycles at the high current density of 6 A g<sup>−1</sup>, showing an extremely high capacity retention. Surprisingly, the quasi-solid-state fiber-shaped ZIBs employing the CuVO@PANI cathodes exhibit respectable performance and excellent flexibility at different bending angles. Therefore, the optimal cooperative regulation of cations and conductive polymers is the promising strategy to improve the electrochemical performance of the cathode for making fiber zinc ion batteries with high energy density.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 116415"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143748247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Solidification study of DI water in a spherical capsule for cool thermal energy storage applications","authors":"Kaiwalya Raj , Eleni Mangina , Pandiyarajan Vellaichamy , Velraj Ramalingam","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2025.116513","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2025.116513","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cool thermal energy storage (CTES) systems utilising packed beds commonly employ spherical capsules as containers for thermal storage. In these systems, the phase change material (PCM) is solidified using a chiller, a process that consumes considerable energy. The time required for complete PCM solidification directly impacts chiller operation duration, and reducing this time can enhance chiller efficiency and lower electricity costs. Research has identified several factors influencing PCM solidification time, including the external surface heat transfer coefficient, cooling fluid temperature, capsule geometry, and PCM thermal conductivity. The present study focused on two key parameters—surface heat transfer coefficient and PCM thermal conductivity—to investigate the solidification of deionized (DI) water as a PCM. Experimental investigations were conducted, yielding significant insights. Results from experiments also supported the theoretical formula that was applied in the parametric study. Both theoretical and experimental findings revealed that approximately 50 % of the total solidification time was dedicated to freeze the central 25 % of the water within the capsule. Parametric studies indicated that the influence of the external convective heat transfer coefficient, when employing air and water-glycol mixture as heat transfer fluids, was significant up to 35 W m<sup>−2</sup> K<sup>−1</sup> and 500 W m<sup>−2</sup> K<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. The findings of this study will benefit energy storage researchers and engineers, as well as those in the chemical, food, and plastics processing industries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 116513"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143748249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Improved prediction model of energy performance for variable-speed pumps-as-turbines (PATs) in micro-hydropower schemes","authors":"Peijian Zhou , Yangfan Gu , Wenjin Yu , Yanzhao Wu , Zhifeng Yao , Jiegang Mou","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2025.116388","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2025.116388","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The variable speed regulation in pumps-as-turbines (PATs) plays a pivotal role in micro-pumped hydro energy storage (MPHES) systems by expanding operational parameters, optimizing energy conversion efficiency, and augmenting system adaptability through enhanced dynamic response characteristics. While existing studies have proposed empirical formulas, these models are often limited to optimal operating points under specific conditions, leaving their accuracy and applicability under broader variable speed conditions insufficiently validated. This paper presents an improved prediction model for the energy performance of variable-speed PATs, integrating turbine theoretical models with composition analysis method to modify the affinity laws. The model utilizes a segmented analysis approach that classifies the affinity laws into three categories based on speed ratios, ensuring more accurate predictions across diverse operating conditions. An improved whale optimization algorithm is employed to systematically refine the coefficients of the modified affinity laws. The most optimal modification is selected through a comparison of R<sup>2</sup> values for each model. The proposed model demonstrates a significant enhancement in prediction accuracy, particularly for low and high speed ratios, with an average improvement of 10 % over existing models. This work addresses critical gaps in current PAT energy performance prediction methods and provides a more robust framework for optimizing energy efficiency in micro-hydropower systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 116388"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143760577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Litao Yu , Wenjie Ma , Xiaoqiang Miao , Qingquan Kong , Xuguang An , Jing Zhang , Lisi Xie , Qian Liu , Xiaolei Li , Weitang Yao
{"title":"Zinc storage mechanism and gas production analysis of chestnut-like V6O13·xH2O in aqueous zinc-ion batteries under different voltage windows","authors":"Litao Yu , Wenjie Ma , Xiaoqiang Miao , Qingquan Kong , Xuguang An , Jing Zhang , Lisi Xie , Qian Liu , Xiaolei Li , Weitang Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2025.116512","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2025.116512","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) have attracted considerable attention due to their abundant resources and high safety, making them strong candidates for the next generation of energy storage devices. Vanadium-based cathode materials exhibit higher specific capacity and high rate performance, but their stability needs to be improved and issues such as low stability and gas evolution need to be addressed. In response, a solvothermal method was used in this study to synthesize chestnut-like V<sub>6</sub>O<sub>13</sub> hydrated oxide materials. V<sub>6</sub>O<sub>13</sub>·<em>x</em>H<sub>2</sub>O was investigated for its specific capacitance, rate performance, stability and gas evolution behavior at different voltage ranges. The results show that V<sub>6</sub>O<sub>13</sub>·<em>x</em>H<sub>2</sub>O exhibits excellent specific capacitance and rate performance operating from 0.2 to 1.4 V, while exhibiting no gas evolution during cycling. In contrast, when the voltage is increased above 1.5 V, V<sub>6</sub>O<sub>13</sub>·<em>x</em>H<sub>2</sub>O shows a distinct activation plateau during the first charge, accompanied by the intercalation of H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup> in addition to Zn ions and a phase transition of the material, leading to a noticeable gas evolution at the electrode, which is detrimental to practical use. Furthermore, in the voltage range of 0.2–1.4 V, V<sub>6</sub>O<sub>13</sub>·<em>x</em>H<sub>2</sub>O exhibits superior cycling stability over extended cycles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 116512"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143748246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yi Tian, Jie Ouyang, Lixin Wang, Yuzhu Wang, Mengting Cheng, Wei Yin, Xi Ren, Zhexuan Liu, Jianhua Luo, Yongfeng Luo
{"title":"High-performance, flexible, fibrous supercapacitors from natural jute fibers","authors":"Yi Tian, Jie Ouyang, Lixin Wang, Yuzhu Wang, Mengting Cheng, Wei Yin, Xi Ren, Zhexuan Liu, Jianhua Luo, Yongfeng Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2025.116500","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2025.116500","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The utilization of natural fibers in eco-friendly supercapacitors exhibits significant potential within the realm of flexible and wearable energy storage systems. Here, a conductive composite fiber, utilizing natural jute fiber as the base material, is fabricated through a straightforward process that involves the impregnation of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) solution followed by the chemical in-situ polymerization of polyaniline (PANI/rGO@JF). The resultant fiber can be directly employed as a fibrous electrode in supercapacitors. PANI possesses remarkable electrochemical properties, whereas rGO enhances rapid electron transport pathways. The PANI-7/rGO@JF electrodes, synthesized via a 7-h polymerization process that leverages synergistic effects, exhibit superior characteristics. As a result, the resulting fibrous supercapacitor achieves an impressive specific capacitance of 229 F g<sup>−1</sup>. Furthermore, the composite fiber exhibits high knittability, and the integrated supercapacitor exhibits an exceptional specific capacitance of 235.1 F g<sup>−1</sup>. This environmentally friendly and efficient energy storage device, utilizing natural jute fibers renowned for their superior weavability, demonstrates considerable potential for future portable applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 116500"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143739508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lingguang Yi, Xiaoyi Chen, Jiajia Huang, Jiali Liu, Honghui Hu, Huahui Zhao, Tianjing Wu, Li Liu, Xianyou Wang
{"title":"Organic-inorganic composite electrolyte with in-situ polymerization poly(1,3-dioxolane) toward high-performance quasi-solid-state lithium metal batteries","authors":"Lingguang Yi, Xiaoyi Chen, Jiajia Huang, Jiali Liu, Honghui Hu, Huahui Zhao, Tianjing Wu, Li Liu, Xianyou Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2025.116459","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2025.116459","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The sodium superionic conductor structure (NASICON) Li<sub>1.3</sub>Al<sub>0.3</sub>Ti<sub>1.7</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> (LATP) is a promising active filler for its high ionic conductivity and air stability. Nonetheless, its large-scale application remains limited by chemical instability with lithium anodes. Herein, a novel poly(vinylidene fluoride-<em>co</em>-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP)-based composite polymer electrolyte (CPE), designated as PPALx-D, is synthesized via a blade-casting method. This CPE comprises a conductive poly(poly(ethylene gly<em>co</em>l) methyl ether methacrylate-co-(lithium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid)) (P(PEGMEMA-co-AMPSLi)) matrix, inorganic LATP filler, and an in-situ polymerized 1,3-dioxolane (DOL) artificial interlayer. The physicochemical and electrochemical properties of the as-prepared CPEs are systematically characterized. Results show that the PPAL5-D CPE, despite being thinner and containing less liquid electrolyte, provides faster organic-inorganic Li<sup>+</sup> transport channels and exhibits superior electrochemical compatibility with Li metal anodes. The PPAL5-D CPE achieves a high room-temperature (RT) ionic conductivity of 3.47× 10<sup>−4</sup> S cm<sup>−1</sup> and a high Li<sup>+</sup> transference number of 0.61. The assembled LFP|PPAL5-D|Li battery demonstrates significantly improved cycling stability, delivering a discharge capacity of 131.5 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> at 1C for 400 cycles at RT. This study proposes a feasible methodology for preparing organic-inorganic composite electrolytes, advancing the development of quasi-solid-state Li metal batteries (LMBs).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 116459"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143739509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lili Niu, Guiju Xing, Zhaoyi Huo, Yizhe Liu, Che Liu
{"title":"Model experiment and numerical study on the heat storage law of phase change material in different heat transfer structures","authors":"Lili Niu, Guiju Xing, Zhaoyi Huo, Yizhe Liu, Che Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2025.116457","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2025.116457","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phase change thermal storage is currently the hottest research topic in the energy field. This article adopts the rectangular box, which can be changed with 3 kinds of piping structures (bare copper tube, bare copper tube plus sparse, and plus dense aluminum fins). The heat storage process of paraffin wax (PW) and PW + 4 % expanded graphite (EG) was analyzed by experimental tests and numerical simulations. It was verified that the PW heat storage process occurs through thermal conductivity and natural convection, and the addition of fins weakens natural convection. The thermal conductivities of PW with 4 %, 8 %, and 12 % EG were determined to be 5.31, 12.10, and 18.06 times higher than that of PW, respectively. Research finds bare copper tubes plus aluminum fins enhance the heat storage rate of PW significantly more than PW + EG composites; the impact of excessive aluminum fin additions was insignificant. The heat storage process of PW + 8 % EG and PW + 12 % EG was further investigated by numerical simulation. Deep investigation indicates that an increase in the EG fraction enhances thermal storage power but reduces thermal storage capacity. In all the cases studied, PW + 8 % EG composite with bare copper tube and sparse aluminum fin structure compared with PW material with bare copper tube structure, the thermal storage capacity is only reduced by 18.35 %, but the thermal storage power is increased by 473.9 %. This design case has the choice advantage and provides a valuable reference for practical application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 116457"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143747064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jie Zha , Daili Feng , Mengtao Zhang , Xinxin Zhang , Wenjun Li , Jianyin Miao , Yanhui Feng
{"title":"Graphene aerogel based/polyethylene glycol composite thermal storage materials with high enthalpy and low thermal conductivity for space thermal protection","authors":"Jie Zha , Daili Feng , Mengtao Zhang , Xinxin Zhang , Wenjun Li , Jianyin Miao , Yanhui Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2025.116456","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2025.116456","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Novel thermal insulation materials that integrate lightweight, latent heat storage, and sensible heat storage play a crucial role in advancing aerospace thermal insulation materials. However, high-energy irradiation in the space environment can affect the structure of aerospace thermal insulation materials, thus impacting their thermal insulation performance. We first simulate and screen the existing non-metallic thermal insulation aerogels to identify graphene aerogel (GA) as having the best irradiation resistance. Then we prepare GA with hierarchical porous and low thermal conductivity characteristics through hydrothermal reduction and freeze-drying / supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> drying. Subsequently, we load polyethylene glycol (PEG) in the skeleton to obtain graphene aerogel composite (GAC). GAC possesses high latent heat (156.80 J·g<sup>−1</sup>), low thermal conductivity (0.29 W·m<sup>−1</sup>·K<sup>−1</sup>), excellent long-term thermal insulation performance, microwave absorption performance (RL<sub>min</sub> can reach −50.30 dB), and mechanical strength (7.09 MPa). Finally, we simulate a high-energy irradiation field using Co<sup>60</sup> irradiation experiments to verify the irradiation resistance of GAC. The results indicate that high-energy irradiation may break and modify some of the molecular chains of PEG. The thermal stability and thermal conductivity of the composite remain basically unchanged, the latent heat decreases slightly, and the supercooling degree decreases significantly. GAC shows potential application prospects in aerospace thermal protection and energy storage fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 116456"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143748243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}